Yes / Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) have the capacity to promote healthy behaviours in young children through routine ‘contact points’, as well as structured weight management programmes. This scoping review aims to evaluate the impact of AHPs in the prevention of obesity in young children. Methods: Databases were searched for relevant evidence between 1st January 2000 and 17th January 2022. Eligibility criteria included primary evidence (including, but not limited to; randomised controlled trials, observational studies, service evaluations) evaluating the impact of AHPs on the primary and secondary prevention of obesity in young children (mean age under five years old). Results: AHP related interventions typically demonstrated improvements in outcomes such as nutritional behaviour (e.g., lower sweetened drink intake), with some reductions in screen time. However, changes in weight outcomes (e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI) z score, BMI) in response to an AHP intervention were inconsistent. There was insufficient data to determine moderating effects, however tentative evidence suggests that those with a lower socioeconomic status or living in an underprivileged area may be more likely to lose weight following an AHP intervention. There was no evidence identified evaluating how AHPs use routine ‘contact points’ in the prevention of obesity in young children. Conclusion: AHP interventions could be effective in optimising weight and nutritional outcomes in young children. However, more research is required to determine how routine AHP contact points, across the range of professional groups may be used in the prevention of obesity in young children.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех частей, заключения, библиографического списка, приложений. В теоретической части представлены понятие, виды и этапы карьеры и карьерного развития, основные модели и стратегии карьерного развития, а также сущность и основные аспекты управления карьерой персонала, специфика управления карьерным развитием молодых специалистов в организации. В практической части описывается общая характеристика базы исследования, проведен анализ системы работы с молодыми специалистами и процесса управления карьерным развитием молодых специалистов в ООО «Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург». На основе полученных данных разрабатывается модель управления карьерным развитием для молодых специалистов ООО «Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург». В заключении подведены итоги в соответствии с поставленными задачами. / The final qualification work consists of an introduction, three parts, a conclusion, a reference list and applications. The theoretical part presents the concept, types and stages of career and career development, the main models and strategies of career development, the essence and main aspects of personnel career management, the specifics of career development management of young professionals in the organization. The practical part describes the general characteristics of the research base, analyzes the system of work with young specialists and the process of managing the career development of young specialists at “Gazprom Transgaz Yekaterinburg” LLC. A model of career development management is being developed for young specialists of “Gazprom Transgaz Yekaterinburg” LLC based on the obtained results. The conclusion summarizes the results in accordance with the tasks set.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the perceptions of Sri Lankan public sector accounting professionals regarding the impacts of successful implementation of accrual accounting on public financial management in Sri Lanka over the long term. Furthermore, this study intends to explore the barriers that hinder such successful implementation and recommendations for the successful maintenance of accrual accounting in Sri Lanka over the long term. This qualitative study collected data by conducting semi-structured interviews with Sri Lankan public sector accounting professionals. The sample was selected non-randomly using the purposive sampling method. Thematic analysis was used to systematically identify and analyze patterns, themes and trends in the qualitative data collected relating to accrual accounting reform in the Sri Lankan public sector. First, this study identified that while some government organizations have successfully implemented accrual accounting in Sri Lanka other organizations still are in the initial phase of adoption, indicating that the Sri Lankan public sector has yet not fully implemented accrual accounting successfully. Second, the study found that some of the reasons for delaying the successful implementation are, interdependency of government organizations, prevailing inappropriate government regulations and policies, implementation costs, outdated systems, complexity, lack of experience and knowledge of government employees in accounts divisions, lack of support from other parties and resistance to change. Third, this study found that the successful implementation would require changing government regulations and policies suitable to the accrual concept, enhancing digitalization in the public sector, increasing other institutional support, legalization of accrual-based accounting, promoting international collaborations, developing professional skills of accounting staff in the public sector and initiating step by step approach to minimize resistance to change. Fourth, the study found that accuracy, completeness, transparency, accountability, comparability, performance evaluation, risk management, asset liability management, income expenditure management and minimizing corruption, fraud and waste are diverse benefits in the short term by implementing accrual accounting in the Sri Lankan public sector. Through these benefits, informed decision-making, international recognition and collaboration, robust budgeting and financial planning, efficiency and effectiveness, and economic stability and development will be derived in the long term. Finally, this study found that Sri Lankan public sector accounting professionals perceive that accrual accounting brings more positive advantages in both the short term and long term through its successful implementation over the issues encountered by them currently. This study offers valuable insight for policymakers, administrators and other stakeholders involved in the Sri Lankan public sector by emphasizing the importance of strengthening the successful implementation of accrual accounting.

Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) have the right to decide freely when and if they have children. However parental ID is often regarded as a risk for their children’s wellbeing and parents with ID often meet negative attitudes towards their parenthood from both professionals and their social networks. The aim of this study is to examine the conditions for parents with ID and their possibilities to be good enough parents. Both published research and personal depictions found in media were used in this literature study. Three themes were identified and analysed using good enough parenting and empowerment as a theoretical framework. The first theme to prove oneself as a good parent includesexperiencers of having one’s parenthood questioned based on stereotypes about ID as a diagnosis. Parents with ID feel they are being surveilled and judged by the people around them. There is an underlying feeling among parents with ID that they need to prove themselves as able parents. The second theme good relationships encourage good parenting contains stories of how the relationship with the social network and professionals affect parents with ID. Support from others can be perceived in both positive and negative ways depending on the quality of the relationship in which the support is offered. The last theme one diagnosis, a spectrum of conditions describes the variety of needs and experiences which affect people with ID and their ability to be good enough parents. Social context and experiences of for instance poverty, trauma or abuse affect the ability to parent regardless of an ID or not. In conclusion, professionals have an opportunity to work empowering with parents with ID, but this opportunity is often missed. A variability in living conditions and social context affect the ability to perform as a good enough parent. This is true for all parents, but for parents with ID in particular.

Bakgrund Bristande handhygien hos hälso-och sjukvårdspersonal bidrar till smittspridning och ökade kostnader för hälso-och sjukvården. Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen har en avgörande roll i att minska smittspridningen med hjälp av noggrant genomförd handhygien. Trots att kunskap i ämnet finns så brister handhygienen och patienterna beroende av sjukvård drabbas av vårdskador i samband med vård och behandling. Syfte Syftet är att beskriva faktorer som påverkar vårdpersonalens följsamhet av hygienrutiner på sjukhus. Metod En litteraturöversikt har genomförts med 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som publicerats under tidsperioden 2012–2024 i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat I litteraturöversiktens resultats del kunde tre huvudkategorier hittas: verksamhetsfaktorer, arbetsfaktorer och personliga faktorer. Utifrån dessa tre huvudkategorier kunde åtta underkategorier identifieras. Kategorierna präglas av alltifrån personliga faktorer som glömska och preferenser. Till organisationsfaktorer där bland annat resursbrist och bristande rutiner beskrivs. Slutsats Det breda spektrumet av påverkande faktorer kan förebyggas och åtgärdas genom kunskap och strukturimplementering. På så vis skulle följsamheten till hygienrutiner öka och patientsäkerheten främjas. / Background Insufficient hand hygiene in healthcare contributes to the spread of infection and increased costs for the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals have a decisive role in reducing the spread of infection with the help of carefully implemented hand hygiene, even though there is knowledge on the subject, hand hygiene is lacking and patients dependent on medical care suffer from health care related injuries. Aim The aim is to describe factors that influence healthcare staff's adherence to hygiene routines in hospitals. Method A literature review has been carried out with 13 scientific articles published during theperiod 2012–2024 in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results In the results section of the literature review, three main categories could be found: institutional factors, work factors and personal factors. Based on these three main categories, eight subcategories could be identified. The categories are characterized by everything from personal factors such as forgetfulness and preferences. To organizational factors where,among other things, lack of resources and inadequate routines are described. Conclusions The broad spectrum of factors can be prevented and solved with knowledge and implementation of structures. With that the adherence to hygiene routines could increase and the patient safety would be promoted.

With the dissemination and widespread use of AI-enabled work tools by IT professionals, the Flow experience, a well-established theory in psychology has crept into the copywriting of such tools. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate whether AI-enabled work tools influence the Flow experience of IT professionals as they complete work tasks. To gather in-depth data, an interview study was conducted on 12 professionals consisting of UX and/or UI designers and various technical and managerial roles in the IT field. Following Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis and under an abductive approach, a mix of focused and open codes shaped themes that were then further situated among similar literature. These are presented as theoretical and practical implications. Overall results have indicated that AI-enabled tools mostly do not influence Flow, but that Flow is not entirely absent. Theoretical implications contribute knowledge about the influence of AI-enabled work tools on Flow, some key points discussed include clear goals, exploratory behaviour, broad answers and loops, among others. Practical implications offered design recommendation alongside other published literature, suggesting, for instance, to create effective task context, personalized to workstyle, defining model defaults, and more. Generally, the outcome points to the need for scepticism when faced with unsupported assertions of AI-enabled tools influencing Flow among IT workers, and a need for more published work on the intersection. This is especially prudent given the growing field of AI for the consumer market, where unique opportunities and challenges arise with the usage of AI technologies.

Yes / The Health Care and Professions Council (HCPC) regulates fifteen different professions; some of these are large groups like Physiotherapists and some are much smaller such as Speech and Language Therapists (SLT). Most of the people registered by the HCPC work within their own areas of clinical expertise and defined professional scope of practice. However, an increasing number of registrants are undertaking new or additional roles beyond the traditional scope of practice for the defined profession. These roles are often shared with other medical or health professionals and persons undertaking these roles are often, but not consistently, referred to as Advanced Practitioners. Advanced Practitioners are employed within the NHS across all four countries of the UK and are also employed by private healthcare providers. The roles they undertake vary from the highly specialised (e.g. an advanced podiatrist might specialise in biomechanics) to more general roles with greater professional autonomy and decision-making (e.g. a paramedic working in a GP Practice assessing patients with undifferentiated acute problems). As a result, there is currently no consistency in role title, scope of advanced practice, necessary underpinning education or professional accreditation across the HCPC registered professions. This study was undertaken to explore these issues and seek opinion on the need for additional regulatory measures for persons working at an advanced practice level. NB: For the purposes of this study, advanced practice was considered to encompass all roles, regardless of role title, where the level of practice undertaken was considered to be advanced. Method Three approaches to data collection were undertaken to ensure the differing opinions across all HCPC registered professions, different stakeholders and the four nations of the UK were collected. Data were collected through: 1. A UK wide survey of HCPC registered healthcare professionals; 2. A UK wide survey of organisations delivering AHP & scientific advanced practice education; 3. A series of focus groups and interviews across a range of stakeholder groups. Findings The concept of advanced level practice was not consistently understood or interpreted across the different stakeholder groups. Those participants identifying as working at an advanced practice level undertook a range of activities both within and out with the traditional scope of practice of the registered profession adding a further layer of complexity. Educational support and availability for advanced level practice varied across professional groups and inequity of accessibility and appropriateness of content were raised as concerns. There is no consensus across participant groups on the need for regulation of advanced level practice. Perceived advantages to additional regulation were the consistent and equal educational and employer governance expectations, particularly where multiple professional groups are undertaking the same role, all be it with a differing professional educational foundation and lens. However, while some voices across the participant groups felt regulation was essential to assure practice standards and reduce risk of role title misuse, there was equally a lack of appetite for regulation that inhibited agility to respond to, and reflect, the rapidly changing healthcare environment and evolving scope of advanced level practice. Importantly, no evidence was presented from any participant group that advanced level practice within HCPC regulated professions presents a risk to the public. Conclusion The study data presented in this report reflect the complexity of the concept of advanced practice within the HCPC regulated professions. Much of this is a consequence of the differing speeds of professional role development across healthcare organisations and professional groups, often related to service capacity gaps and locally developed education to support local initiatives. Despite this, there is no clear evidence, based on the findings of this research, that additional regulation of advanced level practice is needed, or desired, to protect the public. However, as the HCPC is one of the few organisations with a UK wide remit, it may have a central role in achieving unification across the 4 nations in relation to the future role expectations, educational standards, and governance of advanced level practice.

Yes / The infrequency of sudden deaths means that professionals have limited exposure, making it difficult to gain experience and feel confident in their role. This meta-synthesis aims to synthesise qualitative research on the experience of professionals responding to cases of sudden or unexpected death. A systematic literature search was conducted using Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Embase, psycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science, identifying ten papers for inclusion. Studies were appraised and synthesized using the principles of meta‐synthesis. Four superordinate themes were identified: perceptions of role, experience on scene, approaches to coping, and barriers to support. Findings suggest the way responders perceive their role and their experience on scene affect the approach taken to tasks and coping strategies used. The complexity of experience is often not acknowledged by responders or their colleagues. Experiences are compounded by cumulative factors which were expressed by different professional groups and across settings. Several barriers relating to workforce culture within organisations were identified, alongside the implications these have on staff wellbeing and the impact on bereaved families.

Yes / Objective: To better understand the factors influencing the uptake of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) across different health economies in National Health Service England from the perspective of health professionals and other health economy stakeholders. Design: Qualitative interview study using a critical realism perspective and informed by the Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organisations model. Setting: Three health economies in the North of England, United Kingdom. Participants: Healthcare professionals involved in the management of patients requiring oral anticoagulants, stakeholders involved in the implementation of DOACs and representatives of pharmaceutical industry companies and patient support groups. Intervention: Semistructured interviews (face-to-face or telephone) were conducted with 46 participants. Interviews were analysed using the Framework method. Results: Identified factors having an impact on the uptake of DOACs were grouped into four themes: perceived value of the innovation, clinician practice environment, local health economy readiness for change, and the external health service context. Together, these factors influenced what therapy options were offered and prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation. The interviews also highlighted strategies used to improve or restrict the uptake of DOACs and tensions between providing patient-centred care and managing financial implications for commissioners. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the wider literature by providing a new and in-depth understanding on the uptake of DOACs. The findings may be applicable to other new medicines used in chronic health conditions. / This work presents research funded by the Pharmacy Research UK (grant number: PRUK-2018-GA-1-KM) and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (grant number: N/A).

The current study examined the nature and extent of endorsement of PMIEs, the nature and severity of MI symptoms related to endorsement of a PMIE, and the relations between extent of endorsement of PMIEs and MI symptoms. We hypothesized that (1) PMIEs perpetrated by others would be endorsed to a greater extent than PMIEs perpetrated by oneself; (2) medical professionals who endorsed a PMIE would report significantly greater severity on all MI symptoms compared to medical professionals who did not endorse a PMIE; (3) experiencing PMIEs (perpetrated by oneself and/or others) to a greater extent would predict higher levels of MI symptom severity, and MI symptom severity would specifically be most strongly predicted by PMIEs perpetrated by oneself. Hypotheses were examined using t-tests, Pearson's r correlations, and multiple multivariate regression analyses. First, the current study found that PMIEs perpetrated by others were endorsed to a greater extent than those perpetrated by themselves; second, greater exposure to PMIEs was associated with significantly greater severity of 10 of the 14 outcomes. Third, PMIEs perpetrated by oneself predicted more MI symptomatology than PMIEs perpetrated by others, indicating that while PMIEs perpetrated by others are more common, PMIEs perpetrated by oneself are more strongly associated with MI outcomes. This study highlights the widespread and harmful impact of PMIEs among medical professionals.