Thyroid cancer constitutes about 1% of all malignant tumours and the incidence is increasing in Sweden. It is rare in children before the age of 10. During puberty the female to male ratio increases to be two to three times more common in females. The ratio remains constant until menopause and thereafter declines. The etiology of this gender-dependent incidence difference is unclear. Ionizing radiation is the only well-established risk factor for the disease, while the impact of other etiological factors is not clear. A retrospective study based upon medical records of 218 females and 91 males with papillary, mixed or follicular types of thyroid cancer was conducted. Prognostic factors were compared by multivariate analysis using Cox's semiparametric hazard model. Differences in prognosis between women and men were found. There was a higher relapse rate and mortality risk among men. Distant metastasis, age &gt;50 years, regional lymph node metastasis, low or moderate differentiation, and tumour related symptoms at diagnosis were also independent factors related to increased tumour mortality risk. A population-based case-control study including 180 cases and 360 controls was carried out to identify risk factors for thyroid cancer. Information on exposure was obtained by mailed questionnaires. The first part of the study investigated connections between medical ionizing radiation and thyroid cancer. The results showed that diagnostic X rays were a significant risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer in women between 20 and 50 years at diagnosis. Exposure to iodine-131 caused no increased risk for thyroid cancer. The result supports that external radiotherapy is a risk factor for thyroid cancer in women. The second part of the case-control study dealt with occupation and different exposures. Work with diagnostic X-ray investigations and work as a lineman was associated with thyroid cancer. Exposure to impregnating agents increased the risk. The third part of this study showed that one pregnancy increased the risk for papillary thyroid cancer. A medical history of asthma or allergy decreased the risk. Another case-control study using medical records as the source for assessment of exposure gave a non significantly increased risk for thyroid cancer in patients who had been treated with external radiotherapy including the thyroid gland. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu

Apie 70% vaikų, sergančių lėtiniais artritais, suaugusiųjų amžių pasiekia su tam tikru negalios lygiu ir kasdienės veiklos apribojimu. Todėl ypač aktualu nagrinėti vaikams lėtinių artritų priežastis bei prognostinius veiksnius ankstyvose sąnarių ligos stadijose. Mūsų darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti ar ūminėje ligos fazėje nustatomų laboratorinių, imunologinių ir interleukinų (MRP8/14 (kalprotektinas), IL-6, IL-33) rodiklių pokyčiai, funkcinės būklės vertinimas bei ligos aktyvumas gali prognozuoti vaikams lėtinę sąnarių ligą. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad artritu susirgusiems vaikams MRP8/14 (kalprotektino) ir Il-6 koncentracijos buvo reikšmingai didesnės nei kontrolinės grupės vaikams tiek serume, tiek sinoviniame skystyje (p<0,01). Kalprotektinas ir IL-6 ūminėje ligos stadijoje stipriai koreliavo su ligos aktyvumo rodikliais (ENG, CRB, sąnarių pobūdžiu (poliartritu), rytiniu sąnarių sustingimu). Taip pat nustatėme, kad didelės kalprotektino (> 5785 ng/ml) ir IL-6 (> 5,5 pg/ml) koncentracijos ūminėje artrito stadijoje buvo nustatytos tiems pacientams, kuriems sąnarių liga įgavo lėtinę eigą. Vertinome tai, kaip reikšmingus lėtinės sąnarių ligos kriterijus. Šiame darbe sergančių artritų vaikų funkcinė būklė ir vaiko gyvenimo kokybė pirmą kartą Lietuvoje buvo įvertinta naujai įdiegiamu ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir pasaulyje, įvairiapusiu jaunatvinių artritų vertinimo klausimynu JAMAR, bei duomenys palyginti su seniau Lietuvoje naudojamu vaiko sveikatos būklės vertinimo klausimynu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The earlier studies proved that nearly 70% of children with chronic arthritis reach the adulthood with a certain level of disability and restriction of daily activities. Therefore, it is very important to analyse the causes of arthritis and prognostic factors in the early stages of disease. The aim of our study was to determine whether the changes of laboratory, immunological and interleukins (MRP8/14 (calprotectin), IL-6, IL-33) indexes, assessment of functional condition, and disease activity may predict a chronic arthritis in children. The study showed that MRP8/14 (calprotectin) and Il-6 concentrations in the serum and synovial fluid of children with arthritis were significantly higher than in the control group of healthychildren (p<0.01). During the acute stage of disease, calprotectin and IL-6 concentrations strongly correlated with variables of disease activity (ESR, CRP, polyarthritis, morning stiffness of joints). Also, the analysis showed that high concentrations of calprotectin (> 5785ng/ml) and IL-6 (> 5.5 pg/ml) at the acute stage of arthritis were determined for those patients, whose were developed chronic arthritis. It was evaluated as significant criterion of the chronic joint disease. For the first time in Lithuania, the functional ability and the quality of life in children with arthritis were assessed using a newly introduced multidimensional assessment questionnaire for juvenile arthritis (JAMAR), and data was compared... [to full text]

The overall aim of this thesis was to study the daily process of coping, potential prognostic factors for recovery and evaluating an individually tailored behavioural medicine intervention in the acute stage of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). The studies comprised three samples of patients with acute Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). All patients were included within the first month after the whiplash occurrence and were recruited from hospital emergency wards in six Swedish communities. Study I and II included 51 participants generating 260 daily coping diaries (WAD-DCA) during seven days in the acute stage of WAD. In Study I daily stressors and primary appraisal were analysed and in Study II patterns between stressors, appraisals, coping strategy profiles, daily activity level and well-being were described. The results showed a large variety of situations that the individuals perceive as stressful, not only pain itself. High self-efficacy was associated with high degree of physical/mental well-being. Threatening stressors and catastrophic thoughts were associated with low degree of physical and mental well-being. In Study III potential prognostic factors for good as well as poor recovery were studied more closely in a mildly affected sample (MIAS) (n=98) from within the first month after the accident up to one year later. Pain-related disability at baseline emerged as the only indicator of prognosis after 12 months in MIAS. Study IV (n=55) was a randomised control study, were current clinical recommendations of standard self-care instructions (SC) for the management of acute WAD was compared to an individually tailored behavioural medicine intervention delivered via Internet or face-to-face. The results showed that SC was not as effective as the behavioural medicine intervention. By early identification of situation-specific factors and potential behavioural (physical, cognitive and affective) determinants of activity performance, it seems possible to tailor a self-management intervention that decreases pain-related disability, fear of movement and catastrophising and increases self-efficacy. The use of innovative methods such as the Internet of distributing treatment interventions showed to be a good alternative to more traditional forms. The results of this thesis uncover new insights in understanding the individual’s specific perspective as applied in a behavioural medicine approach in acute WAD.

Predictive and prognostic factors in gastric cancer Šmíd D. Surgical clinic of University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague. Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of malignant diseases which have the worst prognosis. Unfortunately, there are most patients with advanced-stage disease who have to be treated in a palliative way. Patients suffered from the same type of tumor, being at the same stage of disease and treated with the same chemotherapy have various rates of survival, which can be caused by diverse expression of selected genes impacting on the mechanism of cytostatic effects. The determination of these genes or microRNAs which regulate these genes could be used as a predictive factor for prediction of effects of administered chemotherapy. The determination of some microRNAs, or in the combination with suitable plasmatic factors, could be used as a prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. It is also possible to use this combination for early diagnosis of cancerogenesis Object: The aim is to verify the possibility to use expression of selected genes and some microRNAs in tumor tissue as a prognostic factor or a predictor for therapeutic effects of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Methodology: We retrospectively evaluated the group...

O câncer de próstata é o tumor não cutâneo mais comum entre homens e responsável pela segunda maior mortalidade entre os tumores neste sexo. Diferentes métodos são utilizados com o objetivo de determinar o prognóstico do paciente portador de câncer de próstata, contudo existe grande heterogeneidade quando estes são usados individualmente. A leptina é um hormônio peptídico envolvido na regulação da ingestão alimentar, do metabolismo, do gasto energético, além de função neuroendócrina. Este hormônio parece estar envolvido na patogênese de alguns tipos de tumores, inclusive os adenocarcinomas de próstata. Até o presente não se tem certeza se a leptina e seu receptor possam ser utilizados como fatores prognósticos no cancer de próstata. O objetivo do trabalho foi correlacionar os perfis de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata com diferentes fatores prognósticos e comparar as análises de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata por métodos semiquantitativos e quantitativos (morfometria). Foram analisadas 532 peças cirúrgicas de prostatectomias radicais por câncer prostático. A partir destas amostras, após estudo histopatológico, foi montado um arranjo de matriz tecidual, contendo fragmentos de áreas tumorais e não tumorais (peritumorais) destas amostras. Estas foram imunomarcadas com anticorpos antileptina e antirreceptor de leptina. Análises subjetivas (feitas por dois observadores) e objetivas (através da contagem de pontos) foram realizadas em cada uma das imunomarcações. Estes resultados foram comparados e correlacionados com os seguintes fatores prognósticos: invasão perineural, embolização neoplásica vascular, comprometimento bilateral da próstata, invasão das vesículas seminais, comprometimento de margem vesical, de margem uretral e de margem cirúrgica de ressecção. Houve diferença significativa entre as análises subjetivas dos dois observadores e, portanto, estas não foram utilizadas para as demais comparações. Em relação às análises objetivas, foi verificado que a expressão do receptor de leptina estava diminuída nos tumores com comprometimento de margem cirúrgica, de margem uretral e de vesículas seminais. Ainda foi observado correlação entre a expressão desse receptor e o somátório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. Para as demais análises não foi verificada diferença significativa. Métodos semiquantitativos podem ter grande variação e devem ser preteridos em relação a métodos quantitativos para as análises realizadas neste estudo. Nem a leptina nem o seu receptor apresentaram alterações de sua expressão em amostras neoplásicas de próstata quando comparado àquelas não neoplásicas. O receptor de leptina apresentou uma diminuição da sua expressão em tumores com margem cirúrgica comprometida, margem uretral comprometida e com vesículas seminais comprometidas. Houve correlação negativa entre o percentual de área imunomarcada com o anticorpo antirreceptor de leptina e o somatório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. / Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous tumor among men and accounted for the second highest mortality rate among tumors in this sex. Different methods are used to determine the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, yet there is great heterogeneity when they are used individually. Leptin is a peptide hormone, involved in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, energy expenditure, and neuroendocrine function. This hormone appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of tumors, including prostate adenocarcinomas. Up to the present, it is uncertain if leptin and its receptor may be used as prognostic factors in prostate cancer. The objective of this study was correlate the profiles of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas with different prognostic factors and compare the analysis of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas by semi quantitative and quantitative methods (morphometry). A total of 532 surgical specimens from radical prostatectomies from prostate cancer had been studied. After pathological examination, these samples were included in a tissue microarray containing fragments of tumoral and non-tumoral areas (peritumoral areas). These were immunostained with antibodies antileptin and antileptin receptor. Subjective analysis (made by two observers) and objective (by counting points) were performed on each sample. These results were compared and correlated with the following prognostic factors: perineural invasion, neoplasic vascular embolization, bilateral involvement of the prostate, seminal vesicle invasion, involvement of vesical margin, involvement of urethral margin and involvement of resection surgical margin. There were significant differences between subjective analyses of the two observers, and, therefore, they were not used for other comparisons. Regarding the objective analysis, it was found that leptin receptor expression was reduced in tumors with involvement of the surgical margin, urethral margin and seminal vesicles invasion. Further, there were correlation between the expression of this receptor and the sum of prognostic factors. For the other analyses, it was not observed any significant difference. Semi quantitative methods can have great variation and should be passed over in relation to quantitative methods for the analysis performed in this study. Neither leptin nor its receptor exhibited changes in their expression in neoplastic prostatic samples compared to those that are not neoplastic. The leptin receptor showed a decreased expression in tumors with positive surgical margin, positive urethral margin and involvement of seminal vesicles. There were a negative correlation between the percentage of immunostaining area with antibody antileptin receptor and the sum of prognostic factors.

O câncer de próstata é o tumor não cutâneo mais comum entre homens e responsável pela segunda maior mortalidade entre os tumores neste sexo. Diferentes métodos são utilizados com o objetivo de determinar o prognóstico do paciente portador de câncer de próstata, contudo existe grande heterogeneidade quando estes são usados individualmente. A leptina é um hormônio peptídico envolvido na regulação da ingestão alimentar, do metabolismo, do gasto energético, além de função neuroendócrina. Este hormônio parece estar envolvido na patogênese de alguns tipos de tumores, inclusive os adenocarcinomas de próstata. Até o presente não se tem certeza se a leptina e seu receptor possam ser utilizados como fatores prognósticos no cancer de próstata. O objetivo do trabalho foi correlacionar os perfis de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata com diferentes fatores prognósticos e comparar as análises de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata por métodos semiquantitativos e quantitativos (morfometria). Foram analisadas 532 peças cirúrgicas de prostatectomias radicais por câncer prostático. A partir destas amostras, após estudo histopatológico, foi montado um arranjo de matriz tecidual, contendo fragmentos de áreas tumorais e não tumorais (peritumorais) destas amostras. Estas foram imunomarcadas com anticorpos antileptina e antirreceptor de leptina. Análises subjetivas (feitas por dois observadores) e objetivas (através da contagem de pontos) foram realizadas em cada uma das imunomarcações. Estes resultados foram comparados e correlacionados com os seguintes fatores prognósticos: invasão perineural, embolização neoplásica vascular, comprometimento bilateral da próstata, invasão das vesículas seminais, comprometimento de margem vesical, de margem uretral e de margem cirúrgica de ressecção. Houve diferença significativa entre as análises subjetivas dos dois observadores e, portanto, estas não foram utilizadas para as demais comparações. Em relação às análises objetivas, foi verificado que a expressão do receptor de leptina estava diminuída nos tumores com comprometimento de margem cirúrgica, de margem uretral e de vesículas seminais. Ainda foi observado correlação entre a expressão desse receptor e o somátório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. Para as demais análises não foi verificada diferença significativa. Métodos semiquantitativos podem ter grande variação e devem ser preteridos em relação a métodos quantitativos para as análises realizadas neste estudo. Nem a leptina nem o seu receptor apresentaram alterações de sua expressão em amostras neoplásicas de próstata quando comparado àquelas não neoplásicas. O receptor de leptina apresentou uma diminuição da sua expressão em tumores com margem cirúrgica comprometida, margem uretral comprometida e com vesículas seminais comprometidas. Houve correlação negativa entre o percentual de área imunomarcada com o anticorpo antirreceptor de leptina e o somatório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. / Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous tumor among men and accounted for the second highest mortality rate among tumors in this sex. Different methods are used to determine the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, yet there is great heterogeneity when they are used individually. Leptin is a peptide hormone, involved in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, energy expenditure, and neuroendocrine function. This hormone appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of tumors, including prostate adenocarcinomas. Up to the present, it is uncertain if leptin and its receptor may be used as prognostic factors in prostate cancer. The objective of this study was correlate the profiles of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas with different prognostic factors and compare the analysis of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas by semi quantitative and quantitative methods (morphometry). A total of 532 surgical specimens from radical prostatectomies from prostate cancer had been studied. After pathological examination, these samples were included in a tissue microarray containing fragments of tumoral and non-tumoral areas (peritumoral areas). These were immunostained with antibodies antileptin and antileptin receptor. Subjective analysis (made by two observers) and objective (by counting points) were performed on each sample. These results were compared and correlated with the following prognostic factors: perineural invasion, neoplasic vascular embolization, bilateral involvement of the prostate, seminal vesicle invasion, involvement of vesical margin, involvement of urethral margin and involvement of resection surgical margin. There were significant differences between subjective analyses of the two observers, and, therefore, they were not used for other comparisons. Regarding the objective analysis, it was found that leptin receptor expression was reduced in tumors with involvement of the surgical margin, urethral margin and seminal vesicles invasion. Further, there were correlation between the expression of this receptor and the sum of prognostic factors. For the other analyses, it was not observed any significant difference. Semi quantitative methods can have great variation and should be passed over in relation to quantitative methods for the analysis performed in this study. Neither leptin nor its receptor exhibited changes in their expression in neoplastic prostatic samples compared to those that are not neoplastic. The leptin receptor showed a decreased expression in tumors with positive surgical margin, positive urethral margin and involvement of seminal vesicles. There were a negative correlation between the percentage of immunostaining area with antibody antileptin receptor and the sum of prognostic factors.

IntroduÃÃo â AlteraÃÃes na expressÃo ou funÃÃo das molÃculas de adesÃo (MA) nas cÃlulas leucÃmicas podem contribuir para a evoluÃÃo e no comportamento biolÃgico das leucemias agudas. A expressÃo aumentada nas LLAs parece relacionar-se aos mecanismos de disseminaÃÃo extramedular dos linfoblastos, infiltraÃÃo do SNC e formaÃÃo de massas tumorais. Objetivos â Analisar a expressÃo da L-selectina e do CD44 nas LLAs em crianÃas e adolescentes. Avaliar os fatores prognÃsticos (idade, sexo, leucometria ao diagnÃstico, imunofenÃtipo, classificaÃÃo FAB, EGIL, Ãndice de DNA e resposta ao tratamento de induÃÃo) e as apresentaÃÃes extramedulares das LLAs e correlacionÃ-los com essas MA. Pacientes e MÃtodos â Foram avaliados 76 pacientes com LLA, tratados com o Protocolo GBTLI-LLA. O diagnÃstico foi baseado em critÃrios FAB, imunofenotÃpicos (EGIL) e citogenÃticos. A expressÃo das MA foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo, utilizando tripla marcaÃÃo. O anticorpo monoclonal CD45-PerCP (ImmunotechÂ) foi utlizado como marcador dos linfoblastos. O CD44-PE (Clone HP2/9 - ImmunostepÂ) e o CD62L-FITC (Clone HI62L - ImmunostepÂ) foram utilizados para a marcaÃÃo das MA. Para a anÃlise das amostras e o cÃlculo da intensidade mÃdia de fluorescÃncia foi utilizado o programa Cell Quest. Na anÃlise estatÃstica utilizou-se o software SPSS 16.0. A associaÃÃo entre as variÃveis, os fatores prognÃsticos e resposta foi realizada com os testes de Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney. Sobrevida global foi determinada por curvas Kaplan-Meier e teste log-rank. AnÃlise multivariada por modelo proporcional de Cox foi utilizada para assegurar a independÃncia dos fatores prognÃsticos. Resultados â A mÃdia de idade foi 6,3Â0,5 anos (5m -17a) e predominou o sexo masculino (65%). Ao diagnÃstico os achados clÃnicos foram: hepatomegalia (63%), esplenomegalia (58%) e linfadenomegalia (44%). A infiltraÃÃo SNC ocorreu em 6,6% dos casos e o alargamento de mediastino em 11,8%. Quanto ao risco, 54% eram baixo risco e 46% alto risco. A classificaÃÃo FAB determinou 83% como L1 e 17% L2. DiagnÃstico de LLA-B foi mais frequente (89,5%) e o da LLA-T em 10,5% dos pacientes. O subtipo EGIL mais prevalente foi B II e B III, 51,5% e 45% respectivamente. O IDNA &#8805; 1.16 foi encontrado em 19% dos pacientes e associou-se a bom prognÃstico. Na avaliaÃÃo do D8, 95% dos pacientes apresentaram contagem de blastos <1000/mm3 e leucÃcitos < 5.000/mm3. A taxa de remissÃo de induÃÃo foi de 95% e ocorreram 2,6% de Ãbitos na induÃÃo. Observou-se uma maior expressÃo do CD44 na LLA-T (87,5%/ IMF=150,44Â20,29), porÃm sem significÃncia estatÃstica. LLAs com massa tumoral apresentaram 84% de expressÃo do CD44, quando comparada a 52% das LLAs sem massa tumoral (p=0.01; OR=4,8). ExpressÃo aumentada da L-selectina na LLA-T (87,5%/IMF=272,33Â52,72) foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,004), comparado a LLA-B (54,5%/ IMF= 115,90Â12,75). NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre os outros fatores prognÃsticos e essas MA. Na anÃlise multivariada as variÃveis de maior impacto para a sobrevida foram: a leucometria ao diagnÃstico, sexo, imunofenÃtipo T e a L-selectina. ConclusÃo â A expressÃo da L-selectina e do CD44 estÃo aumentadas nas LLAs estudadas, principalmente na LLA-T. O CD44 correlacionou-se com LLAs com massas tumorais e parece estar relacionado aos mecanismos de disseminaÃÃo extramedular dos linfoblastos / Introduction â Altered expression or function of adhesion molecules on leukemic blasts may contribute to the evolution of acute leukemia and its biological behavior. The elevated expression of adhesion molecules in ALL might be correlated with the extramedullary dissemination of blast cells, CNS involvement and leukemia tumor burden. Purpose â To analyze the expression of L-selectin and CD44 in ALL in children and adolescents. As well as to evaluate the prognostic factors (age, gender, initial leukocyte count, immunophenotype, FAB and EGIL classification, DNA index and early response to treatment) and the extramedullary presentation of ALL, to finally correlate the prognostic factors with these adhesion molecules. Patients and Methods â From November 2007 to November 2008, 76 patients with newly diagnosed ALL started on Brazilian GBTLI-ALL Protocol. The diagnosis was based on cytological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic methods. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the percentage of the adhesion molecules blasts cells was measured by flow cytometry using triple staining with McAb directly conjugated. CD45-PerCP positive cells were gated for blasts analysis. Anti-CD44-PE (Clone HP2/9 - ImmunostepÂ) and CD62L-FITC (Clone HI62L - ImmunostepÂ) were used to mark the adhesion molecules. The Cell Quest program was used for data acquisition and analysis. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 16.0 Software. The association of features, prognosis and response to treatment was assessed by Chi-square, Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests. Overall survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed independent prognostic factors. Results â The mean age at diagnosis was 6.3Â0.5 years (range 9mo to 17yr) and 65% of them were boys. Clinical findings were hepatomegaly (63%), splenomegaly (58%), lymphadenopathy (44%). CNS involvement was detected in 6.6% of cases and mediastinal mass appeared in 11.8% of them. Patients were classified into low risk (54%) and high risk (46%). FAB classification identified 83% as L1 and 17% as L2. Immunophenotypically, 89.5% of patients were classified as B-lineage ALL and 10.5% as T-lineage ALL. The most frequent EGIL subtype was B common and pre-B-ALL (51.5% and 45.5%, respectively). DNA index greater than 1.16 was found in 19% of the patients and was associated with favorable prognosis. On the D8 evaluation, 95% of the patients had blast count lower than 1.000/mm3 and leukocyte count lower than 5.000/mm3. The remission induction rate was 95% and there was a rate of 2.6% of death during induction therapy. CD44 had greater expression to the rate of 87.5% in T-cell ALL (MFI=150.44Â20.29) with no statistical correlation. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between 84% of CD44 expression and Leukemia burden tumor cases (p=0.01; OR=4.8). There was statistical correlation between L-selectin expression (87.5%/MFI=272.33Â52.72) and T-cell ALL (p=0,004). No significant correlation was detected between L-selectin and CD44 expression and other prognostic factors. Multivariate statistical analysis (adjusted for overall survival) indicated that initial leukocyte count, gender, T immunophenotype and L-selectin were independent factors. Conclusion â L-selectin and CD44 expressions were elevated in ALL studied, mainly in T-cell ALL. The research demonstrated that there is an association between CD44 expression and leukemia tumor burden, which might be involved in the dissemination of leukemic cells and the progression of the disease.

The reduction of infant mortality is still a challenge for health services and society as a whole since it reflects the living conditions of society and the quality of health services provided during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The identification of risk factors associated with early childhood mortality is important to help to reduce high rates in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors of newborns with life-threatening conditions at birth, through the identification of maternal characteristics, postpartum complications and evaluation of postpartum care factors. A cohort study was conducted with emphasis on the outcome for infant death. Initially, newborns were selected from pre-determined birth-risk criteria, which were birth weight <1500g, Apgar of the 5th minute <7 and gestational age <32 weeks, after evaluating live births of pregnant women who admitted to delivering and residing in Sergipe, from March through September 2015. After this identification, was performed the gathering of information through interviews with mothers of newborns, and also, the verification of the charts and cards of pregnant women, followed by the evolution of these infants during hospitalization up to the 6th full day of birth and by the state Mortality Information System (SIM) up to one year of age. For the analysis of the data, the descriptive statistics was used, represented by absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and variability. The associations were evaluated using the chi-square test (χ2) and the Mann Whitney test with significance level α = 0.05. Then, a logistic regression analysis was performed, considering the variables, with p <0.05. The analysis was performed with the variables pre-selected in the previous step, according to the hierarchy presented in the conceptual model, in order to remain in the model, a value of p <0.05 was considered. Of the 144 babies who were born with any of the risk conditions stablished on this survey, 50 died within 364 days of birth. It was observed that there was a higher risk of infant death in infants who were reanimated (RR = 3.79) and who received blood transfusion (RR = 2.86), but 99% of the newborns survived when submitted to NICU admission. Assistance features such as resuscitation and use of blood transfusion were factors significantly associated with infant mortality, while hospitalization in the NICU was a protective factor for the outcome of death. / A redução da mortalidade infantil é ainda um desafio para os serviços de saúde e a sociedade como um todo, uma vez que reflete as condições de vida da sociedade e qualidade dos serviços de saúde prestados na gestação, parto e pós-parto. A identificação de fatores de risco que estão associados com a mortalidade na primeira infância é importante para ajudar na redução das altas taxas em países de média e baixa renda. Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar os fatores prognósticos de menores de um ano com condições de risco de vida ao nascer, por meio da identificação de características maternas, complicações pós-parto e avaliação dos fatores de assistência pós-parto. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte com ênfase no desfecho para o óbito infantil. Inicialmente, os recém-nascidos foram selecionados a partir de critérios de risco de vida ao nascer, que foram peso ao nascer <1500g, Apgar do 5º minuto < 7 e idade gestacional < 32 semanas, pré-determinados após a avaliação de todos os prontuários dos nascidos vivos das grávidas internadas para parto e residentes em Sergipe, de março a setembro de 2015. Após essa identificação, foi realizada a coleta de informações por meio de entrevistas com as mães dos neonatos e verificação dos prontuários e cartões das gestantes, sendo acompanhada a evolução desses bebês durante a internação até o 6º dia completo de nascimento, e pelo Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) estadual até um ano de idade. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva, apresentada por frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e variabilidade. As associações foram avaliadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e o teste Mann Whitney, com nível de significância α = 0,05. Em seguida, foi realizada análise de regressão logística, contemplando as variáveis, com o p <0,05. A análise multivariada foi feita com as variáveis pré-selecionadas na etapa anterior, de acordo com a hierarquização apresentada no modelo conceitual. Para que permanecessem no modelo, foi considerado valor de p < 0,05. Dos 144 bebês que nasceram com alguma das condições de risco definidas por esta pesquisa, 50 evoluíram para óbito em até 364 dias de nascimento. Foi observado que existiu maior risco de óbito infantil nos bebês que foram reanimados (RR=3,79) e que receberam hemotransfusão (RR=2.86), porém 99% dos menores de um ano sobreviveram quando submetidos à internação em UTIN. Pode-se concluir que características assistenciais como reanimação e uso de hemotransfusão foram fatores significativamente associados à mortalidade infantil, já a internação em UTIN foi um fator protetor para o desfecho morte. / Aracaju, SE

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-06T13:20:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Ticiane Martins.pdf: 2135108 bytes, checksum: c6b0f89e1010ea644b1981037d1f9151 (MD5) / Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-06T13:36:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Ticiane Martins.pdf: 2135108 bytes, checksum: c6b0f89e1010ea644b1981037d1f9151 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-06T13:37:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Ticiane Martins.pdf: 2135108 bytes, checksum: c6b0f89e1010ea644b1981037d1f9151 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T13:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Ticiane Martins.pdf: 2135108 bytes, checksum: c6b0f89e1010ea644b1981037d1f9151 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-18 / Introduction: The gastric cancer has been considered the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world and the fourth most common cause of malignant tumors diagnosed each year. In northern Brazil, gastric cancer has higher incidence compared than other regions of the country. Many studies of the HER2 protein are intended to improve the overall survival of gastric cancer patients, especially in advanced stages, as this protein acts as an oncogene and its overexpression is related to malignant transformation. Since the advent of adjuvant therapy for HER2 positive for breast cancer, the interest in the use of trastuzumab in gastric cancer patients has increased. However, the lack of profile patients information for that biomarker in northern Brazil, including the Amazonas state, makes it difficult even more. The importance of performing studies on the expression of HER2 is confirmed as regional incidence rates exceed the national gastric cancer rates annually. Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiological profile of patients in Manaus-AM reference centers, with endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer, and verifying HER2 expression. Methods: It was a prospective study to evaluate the epidemiological profile gastric carcinoma’s pacients, submitted to radical or palliative gastrectomy, and those not eligible for surgical resection. After filling out the form, reviewing histological findings of the biopsy with diagnosis of gastric carcinoma in previously collected materials, and the investigation of HER2 expression were performed. This was performed by immunohistochemical method (IHC), using the anti-HER2/neu kit (4B5), with interpretation according to Hofmann’s criteria. Patients who underwent surgical resection during the development of the study, the surgical specimen was processed for macro and microscopic evaluations, and tissue selection for HER2. Results: In the period of April 2016 to June 2017, 59 patients were included in the project. Among them, 71.19% were males, 61.02% were under 65 years old, ranging from 26 to 85 years. On endoscopic examination, 74.58% of lesions were at antrum, and 45.76% of patients presented Borrmann III lesion and 37.29%, Borrmann IV lesion, 47.46% of the patients were submitted to surgical resection and 66.10% were staging IV. The overexpression of HER2 were investigated by IHC in 26 samples of gastric resection, with a rate of 11.54%. Conclusions: In this group of patients, gastric carcinoma was more frequent in male patients, Lauren's intestinal type, in the antrum topography, older than 65 years, with presence of lymph node metastasis, and with advanced stage. The overexpression of HER2 was 11.54% in the gastrectomy samples. The results obtained in this study is relevant for the development of future researches, with the purpose of improving the treatment and patient survival with gastric cancer in the northern region of Brazil, and especially in the state of Amazonas. / Introdução: O câncer gástrico é considerado a segunda causa de morbimortalidade por câncer no mundo e a quarta causa mais comum de tumores malignos diagnosticados anualmente. Na região Norte do Brasil, possui incidência superior quando comparada às outras regiões do país. Vários estudos sobre a proteína HER2 visam melhorar a sobrevida dos pacientes com câncer gástrico, principalmente nas formas avançadas, pois esta proteína atua como oncogene e sua superexpressão está relacionada à transformação maligna. Desde o advento da terapia adjuvante para pacientes HER2 positivos para câncer de mama, o interesse pelo uso de trastuzumab, em pacientes de câncer gástrico tem aumentado. No entanto, a falta de informações sobre o perfil dos pacientes para este marcador em estados da região Norte, incluindo o estado do Amazonas, dificulta ainda mais sua utilização. Afirma-se assim a importância da realização de estudos sobre a expressão do HER2, devido aos índices de incidência regionais superarem os índices nacionais de câncer gástrico anualmente. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos em dois centros de referência na cidade de Manaus-AM, com diagnóstico de carcinoma gástrico, verificando a expressão de HER2. Métodos: Avaliou-se de forma prospectiva o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma gástrico, submetidos a gastrectomias radical ou paliativa, e daqueles não elegíveis à ressecção cirúrgica. Para tanto, foram realizadas as etapas de preenchimento de formulário, revisão dos achados histológicos da biópsia com diagnóstico de carcinoma gástrico em materiais já coletados, e a pesquisa da expressão de HER2. Esta foi realizada por método imunoistoquímico (IHQ), com utilização do kit anti-HER-2/neu (4B5), com interpretação de acordo com os critérios de Hofmann. Para os pacientes que foram submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, a peça operatória foi processada para avaliações macro e microscópicas, e seleção tecidual para pesquisa de HER2. Resultados: Entre os meses de abril de 2016 a junho de 2017, 59 pacientes foram inseridos no projeto. Destes, 71,19% eram do sexo masculino, 61,02% apresentavam idade inferior a 65 anos, com variação de 26 a 85 anos. Ao exame endoscópico, 74,58% das lesões eram antrais, e 45,76% dos pacientes apresentavam lesão Borrmann III e 37,29%, Borrmann IV. Quanto ao tratamento, 47,46% dos pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica e 66,10% apresentavam estadiamento IV. A expressão do HER2 foi pesquisada em 26 amostras de gastrectomia, com positividade em 11,54% dos casos. Conclusão: No grupo de pacientes avaliados, o carcinoma gástrico foi mais frequente em pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade inferior a 65 anos, os quais apresentaram neoplasia do tipo intestinal de Lauren, na topografia antro-pilórica, Borrmann III e IV, com presença de metástase linfonodal, e com estadiamento avançado. A positividade para HER2 foi de 11,54% nas amostras de gastrectomias. As informações obtidas neste trabalho são relevantes para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras, com o propósito de melhorar o tratamento e sobrevida dos pacientes com câncer gástrico na região norte do Brasil, e, principalmente, no estado do Amazonas.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the cancer disease with the highest mortality globally. About 75% of NSCLC patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage where surgical treatment is not possible. For patients with locally advanced disease without distant metastases, the treatment of choice is curatively intended radiotherapy. However, this treatment has considerable side effects and many patients relapse. To individualize the treatment strategy for these patients, it is essential to have as much prognostic information as possible. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prognostic significance of histology and pre-treatment hematopoietic blood parameters. Material and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively for NSCLC patients treated between 1990 and 2000 with curatively intended radiotherapy. The data were obtained by manually searching patient records from all radiation oncology departments in Sweden. The prognostic significance of histology, and pre-treatment levels of hemoglobin (Hgb), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (Plt) were analyzed in relation to overall survival using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. These prognostic factors were further analyzed in a chemoradiation patient cohort and in a cohort of patients with recurrent NSCLC treated with palliative docetaxel, or the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) modulator AXL1717. Results: In the cohort of NSCLC patients treated between 1990 and 2000, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology and pre-treatment anemia (Hgb &lt;110 g/L), leukocytosis (WBC &gt; 9.0 x109/L), and thrombocytosis (Plt &gt;350 x109/L) were independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival. However, in the chemoradiation cohort only thrombocytosis retained independent prognostic significance in a multivariate analysis. In the cohort of patients with recurrent disease treated with palliative systemic therapy, only leukocytosis was significantly associated with worse survival. Conclusions: Routine pre-treatment hematopoietic blood parameters—together with other prognostic factors such as disease stage and performance status—can provide decision-making support when individualizing treatment of NSCLC. The prognostic role of histology is unclear and further research is warranted to determine its significance.