Apie 70% vaikų, sergančių lėtiniais artritais, suaugusiųjų amžių pasiekia su tam tikru negalios lygiu ir kasdienės veiklos apribojimu. Todėl ypač aktualu nagrinėti vaikams lėtinių artritų priežastis bei prognostinius veiksnius ankstyvose sąnarių ligos stadijose. Mūsų darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti ar ūminėje ligos fazėje nustatomų laboratorinių, imunologinių ir interleukinų (MRP8/14 (kalprotektinas), IL-6, IL-33) rodiklių pokyčiai, funkcinės būklės vertinimas bei ligos aktyvumas gali prognozuoti vaikams lėtinę sąnarių ligą. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad artritu susirgusiems vaikams MRP8/14 (kalprotektino) ir Il-6 koncentracijos buvo reikšmingai didesnės nei kontrolinės grupės vaikams tiek serume, tiek sinoviniame skystyje (p<0,01). Kalprotektinas ir IL-6 ūminėje ligos stadijoje stipriai koreliavo su ligos aktyvumo rodikliais (ENG, CRB, sąnarių pobūdžiu (poliartritu), rytiniu sąnarių sustingimu). Taip pat nustatėme, kad didelės kalprotektino (> 5785 ng/ml) ir IL-6 (> 5,5 pg/ml) koncentracijos ūminėje artrito stadijoje buvo nustatytos tiems pacientams, kuriems sąnarių liga įgavo lėtinę eigą. Vertinome tai, kaip reikšmingus lėtinės sąnarių ligos kriterijus. Šiame darbe sergančių artritų vaikų funkcinė būklė ir vaiko gyvenimo kokybė pirmą kartą Lietuvoje buvo įvertinta naujai įdiegiamu ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir pasaulyje, įvairiapusiu jaunatvinių artritų vertinimo klausimynu JAMAR, bei duomenys palyginti su seniau Lietuvoje naudojamu vaiko sveikatos būklės vertinimo klausimynu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The earlier studies proved that nearly 70% of children with chronic arthritis reach the adulthood with a certain level of disability and restriction of daily activities. Therefore, it is very important to analyse the causes of arthritis and prognostic factors in the early stages of disease. The aim of our study was to determine whether the changes of laboratory, immunological and interleukins (MRP8/14 (calprotectin), IL-6, IL-33) indexes, assessment of functional condition, and disease activity may predict a chronic arthritis in children. The study showed that MRP8/14 (calprotectin) and Il-6 concentrations in the serum and synovial fluid of children with arthritis were significantly higher than in the control group of healthychildren (p<0.01). During the acute stage of disease, calprotectin and IL-6 concentrations strongly correlated with variables of disease activity (ESR, CRP, polyarthritis, morning stiffness of joints). Also, the analysis showed that high concentrations of calprotectin (> 5785ng/ml) and IL-6 (> 5.5 pg/ml) at the acute stage of arthritis were determined for those patients, whose were developed chronic arthritis. It was evaluated as significant criterion of the chronic joint disease. For the first time in Lithuania, the functional ability and the quality of life in children with arthritis were assessed using a newly introduced multidimensional assessment questionnaire for juvenile arthritis (JAMAR), and data was compared... [to full text]

The overall aim of this thesis was to study the daily process of coping, potential prognostic factors for recovery and evaluating an individually tailored behavioural medicine intervention in the acute stage of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). The studies comprised three samples of patients with acute Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). All patients were included within the first month after the whiplash occurrence and were recruited from hospital emergency wards in six Swedish communities. Study I and II included 51 participants generating 260 daily coping diaries (WAD-DCA) during seven days in the acute stage of WAD. In Study I daily stressors and primary appraisal were analysed and in Study II patterns between stressors, appraisals, coping strategy profiles, daily activity level and well-being were described. The results showed a large variety of situations that the individuals perceive as stressful, not only pain itself. High self-efficacy was associated with high degree of physical/mental well-being. Threatening stressors and catastrophic thoughts were associated with low degree of physical and mental well-being. In Study III potential prognostic factors for good as well as poor recovery were studied more closely in a mildly affected sample (MIAS) (n=98) from within the first month after the accident up to one year later. Pain-related disability at baseline emerged as the only indicator of prognosis after 12 months in MIAS. Study IV (n=55) was a randomised control study, were current clinical recommendations of standard self-care instructions (SC) for the management of acute WAD was compared to an individually tailored behavioural medicine intervention delivered via Internet or face-to-face. The results showed that SC was not as effective as the behavioural medicine intervention. By early identification of situation-specific factors and potential behavioural (physical, cognitive and affective) determinants of activity performance, it seems possible to tailor a self-management intervention that decreases pain-related disability, fear of movement and catastrophising and increases self-efficacy. The use of innovative methods such as the Internet of distributing treatment interventions showed to be a good alternative to more traditional forms. The results of this thesis uncover new insights in understanding the individual’s specific perspective as applied in a behavioural medicine approach in acute WAD.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-09T13:36:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA195.pdf: 1505934 bytes, checksum: 9e4214503697d909217bacf92e288cb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-09T13:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA195.pdf: 1505934 bytes, checksum: 9e4214503697d909217bacf92e288cb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / Capes / The aim of the study was carried out data collection on bitches breast tumors treated at HCV CAV / UDESC, from August 2012 to November 2014, to assess risk factors and survival of animals. 178 animals were followed up between 2 and 18 years of age. All underwent presurgical evaluation and were classified by physical and radiographic examination according to the TNM system. In history it was collected information on age, sexual status, exposure to progestins and tumor progression time. All animals were mastectomizados and breast samples were submitted to histopathology with undergraduate at Nottingham malignancy system modified by Elston and Ellis. The average age of the animals followed up was 9.8 years. The breed dogs were most affected, and the poodle the most prevalent. Of all dogs, 32 were castrated, but this factor had no influence on survival of animals. 58 animals received progestogens and this characteristic was associated with a higher occurrence of malignant tumors and lower survival of patients. Most of the animals had tumors larger than 5 cm and the ranking of TNM system and tumor ulceration negatively impact the survival rate of the animals. Most tumors were malignant epithelial origin, and mixed cell carcinoma is the most common. In histologic grading only the tubular formation index and the mitotic index influenced the survival of animals / O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento de dados sobre cadelas com tumores de mama atendidas no HCV do CAV/UDESC, no período de agosto de 2012 a novembro de 2014, para avaliação de fatores de risco e sobrevida dos animais. Foram acompanhados 178 animais entre 2 e 18 anos de idade. Todas passaram por avaliação pré-cirúrgica e foram classificadas através do exame físico e radiográfico segundo o sistema TNM. Na anamnese foram colhidas informações referentes a idade, status sexual, exposição a progestágenos e tempo de evolução do tumor. Todos os animais foram mastectomizados e amostras das mamas foram submetidas a exame histopatológico com graduação de malignidade pelo sistema Nottingham modificado por Elston e Ellis. A idade média dos animais acompanhados foi de 9,8 anos. Os cães de raça foram os mais acometidos, sendo o poodle o mais prevalente. Do total de cadelas, 32 eram castradas, mas esse fator não teve influência na sobrevida dos animais. 58 animais receberam progestágenos e essa característica foi associada à maior ocorrência de tumores malignos e menor sobrevida das pacientes. A maioria dos animais apresentou tumores maiores que 5cm e a graduação dos sistema TNM e a ulceração do tumor influenciaram negativamente na sobrevida dos animais. A maioria das neoplasias foram malignas de origem epitelial, sendo o carcinoma misto o mais frequente. Na graduação histológica somente o índice de formação tubular e o índice mitótico tiveram influência na sobrevida dos animais

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common type of malignity. Despite of the existence of numerous studies focused on this carcinoma, there are still many unknown features regarding its diagnosis, treatment or prognosis. In the thesis we focused on the identification of novel prognostics markers that could be useful for the stratification of patients based on the disease outcomes. In the first study we immunohistochemically assessed expression of two proteins associated with cancer stem cells in the samples of primary colorectal cancer and matched liver metastasis. Goal of the study was to evaluate relation among expression of CD44 and CD133 and overall survival and disease free interval in our set of patients. We observed that increased ratio of CD133 positive compared to CD133 negative tumor glands resulted in longer disease free interval, finding which is opposite to the general view on the CD133 role in the cancer development. Our hypothesis is that we analyzed confined group of patients and followed a bit different goal, where we measured ratio between positive and negative glands in the view-field and not the intensity of staining as the previous studies did. Our second study was focused on the transcriptional analysis of the selected set of twelve genes using frozen samples from colorectal...

Predictive and prognostic factors in gastric cancer Šmíd D. Surgical clinic of University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague. Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of malignant diseases which have the worst prognosis. Unfortunately, there are most patients with advanced-stage disease who have to be treated in a palliative way. Patients suffered from the same type of tumor, being at the same stage of disease and treated with the same chemotherapy have various rates of survival, which can be caused by diverse expression of selected genes impacting on the mechanism of cytostatic effects. The determination of these genes or microRNAs which regulate these genes could be used as a predictive factor for prediction of effects of administered chemotherapy. The determination of some microRNAs, or in the combination with suitable plasmatic factors, could be used as a prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. It is also possible to use this combination for early diagnosis of cancerogenesis Object: The aim is to verify the possibility to use expression of selected genes and some microRNAs in tumor tissue as a prognostic factor or a predictor for therapeutic effects of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Methodology: We retrospectively evaluated the group...

O câncer de próstata é o tumor não cutâneo mais comum entre homens e responsável pela segunda maior mortalidade entre os tumores neste sexo. Diferentes métodos são utilizados com o objetivo de determinar o prognóstico do paciente portador de câncer de próstata, contudo existe grande heterogeneidade quando estes são usados individualmente. A leptina é um hormônio peptídico envolvido na regulação da ingestão alimentar, do metabolismo, do gasto energético, além de função neuroendócrina. Este hormônio parece estar envolvido na patogênese de alguns tipos de tumores, inclusive os adenocarcinomas de próstata. Até o presente não se tem certeza se a leptina e seu receptor possam ser utilizados como fatores prognósticos no cancer de próstata. O objetivo do trabalho foi correlacionar os perfis de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata com diferentes fatores prognósticos e comparar as análises de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata por métodos semiquantitativos e quantitativos (morfometria). Foram analisadas 532 peças cirúrgicas de prostatectomias radicais por câncer prostático. A partir destas amostras, após estudo histopatológico, foi montado um arranjo de matriz tecidual, contendo fragmentos de áreas tumorais e não tumorais (peritumorais) destas amostras. Estas foram imunomarcadas com anticorpos antileptina e antirreceptor de leptina. Análises subjetivas (feitas por dois observadores) e objetivas (através da contagem de pontos) foram realizadas em cada uma das imunomarcações. Estes resultados foram comparados e correlacionados com os seguintes fatores prognósticos: invasão perineural, embolização neoplásica vascular, comprometimento bilateral da próstata, invasão das vesículas seminais, comprometimento de margem vesical, de margem uretral e de margem cirúrgica de ressecção. Houve diferença significativa entre as análises subjetivas dos dois observadores e, portanto, estas não foram utilizadas para as demais comparações. Em relação às análises objetivas, foi verificado que a expressão do receptor de leptina estava diminuída nos tumores com comprometimento de margem cirúrgica, de margem uretral e de vesículas seminais. Ainda foi observado correlação entre a expressão desse receptor e o somátório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. Para as demais análises não foi verificada diferença significativa. Métodos semiquantitativos podem ter grande variação e devem ser preteridos em relação a métodos quantitativos para as análises realizadas neste estudo. Nem a leptina nem o seu receptor apresentaram alterações de sua expressão em amostras neoplásicas de próstata quando comparado àquelas não neoplásicas. O receptor de leptina apresentou uma diminuição da sua expressão em tumores com margem cirúrgica comprometida, margem uretral comprometida e com vesículas seminais comprometidas. Houve correlação negativa entre o percentual de área imunomarcada com o anticorpo antirreceptor de leptina e o somatório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. / Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous tumor among men and accounted for the second highest mortality rate among tumors in this sex. Different methods are used to determine the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, yet there is great heterogeneity when they are used individually. Leptin is a peptide hormone, involved in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, energy expenditure, and neuroendocrine function. This hormone appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of tumors, including prostate adenocarcinomas. Up to the present, it is uncertain if leptin and its receptor may be used as prognostic factors in prostate cancer. The objective of this study was correlate the profiles of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas with different prognostic factors and compare the analysis of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas by semi quantitative and quantitative methods (morphometry). A total of 532 surgical specimens from radical prostatectomies from prostate cancer had been studied. After pathological examination, these samples were included in a tissue microarray containing fragments of tumoral and non-tumoral areas (peritumoral areas). These were immunostained with antibodies antileptin and antileptin receptor. Subjective analysis (made by two observers) and objective (by counting points) were performed on each sample. These results were compared and correlated with the following prognostic factors: perineural invasion, neoplasic vascular embolization, bilateral involvement of the prostate, seminal vesicle invasion, involvement of vesical margin, involvement of urethral margin and involvement of resection surgical margin. There were significant differences between subjective analyses of the two observers, and, therefore, they were not used for other comparisons. Regarding the objective analysis, it was found that leptin receptor expression was reduced in tumors with involvement of the surgical margin, urethral margin and seminal vesicles invasion. Further, there were correlation between the expression of this receptor and the sum of prognostic factors. For the other analyses, it was not observed any significant difference. Semi quantitative methods can have great variation and should be passed over in relation to quantitative methods for the analysis performed in this study. Neither leptin nor its receptor exhibited changes in their expression in neoplastic prostatic samples compared to those that are not neoplastic. The leptin receptor showed a decreased expression in tumors with positive surgical margin, positive urethral margin and involvement of seminal vesicles. There were a negative correlation between the percentage of immunostaining area with antibody antileptin receptor and the sum of prognostic factors.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_act_dr_jabo.pdf: 1179279 bytes, checksum: 7f06f3c7d496e3a8bb5d2796f59b3bd6 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tendo em vista a elevada incidência das neoplasias mamárias nas cadelas, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as células inflamatórias infiltradas e também a presença de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias nos tumores malignos bem como investigar os marcadores de prognóstico nas mesmas neoplasias. Para a realização deste estudo foram selecionadas 30 amostras de tumores mamários de cadelas. As amostras foram divididas em 3 grupos, de acordo com a classificação histopatológica sendo, carcinossarcoma, carcinoma sólido, carcinoma tubulopapilar. A avaliação das células inflamatórias CD3 (Dako), CD4 (Novocastra), CD8 (Novocastra), CD79-a (Dako), CD68 (Dako), citocinas TGF-b (Santa Cruz), IL-2r (Santa Cruz) e dos marcadores de prognóstico Ki-67, p53, ER e PR, foi conduzida por imuno-histoquímica, utilizando-se a técnica estreptoavidina-biotina-peroxidase. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, observou-se maior concentração de linócitos B nos carcinomas sólidos e tubulopapilares, o que também foi visto para a citocina TGF- podendo-se sugerir que essa citocina esteja auxiliando a resposta imune humoral do hospedeiro favorecendo assim o tumor. Esses dois marcadores apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05) entre a imunorreatividade do carcinossarcoma e os outros dois tumores. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre a imunorreatividade dos três tipos de tumores para o marcador ER. Para o PR, a diferença significativa foi vista entre o carcinoma sólido e carcinoma tubulopapilar, o mesmo sendo visto para o Ki-67. O gene p53 apresentou diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre a imunorretaividade do carcinossarcoma e do carcinoma sólido e tubulopapilar, o mesmo acontecendo para o MHC II. Não houve correlação entre a resposta inflamatória e os marcadores de prognóstico. Houve correlação negativa entre o p53 e os receptores de progesterona e estrógeno. / In view of the high incidence of mammary neoplasia in dogs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory infiltrate cells and presence of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines in malignant tumors, and to investigate the prognostic markers in these neoplasms. For this, a sample of 30 mammary tumors from dogs was selected. The samples were divided into three groups according to histopathological classification: carcinosarcoma, solid carcinoma or tubulopapillary carcinoma. The CD3 (Dako), CD4 (Novocastra), CD8 (Novocastra), CD79-a (Dako) and CD68 (Dako) inflammatory cells, TGF-b (Santa Cruz) and IL-2r (Santa Cruz) cytokines and Ki-67, p53, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor prognostic markers were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry, using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. It was found that the B lymphocyte concentration was greater in solid and tubulopapillary carcinomas. This was also seen for TGF-b cytokines, which may suggest that this cytokine was helping the host’s humoral immune response, thereby favoring the tumor. The immunoreactivity of these two markers was significantly different (P<0.05) between carcinosarcomas and the other two tumor types. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in immunoreactivity between the three tumor types for the estrogen receptor marker. For progesterone receptors and Ki-67, a significant difference was seen between solid and tubulopapillary carcinomas. For the gene p53 and MHC II, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in immunoreactivity between carcinosarcomas and the other two tumor types. There was no correlation between the inflammatory response and the prognostic markers. There was a negative correlation between p53 and the progesterone and estrogen receptors.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Alessi / Banca: Felipe Augusto Ruiz Sueiro / Banca: Gisele Fabrino Machado / Banca: Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos / Banca: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Resumo: Tendo em vista a elevada incidência das neoplasias mamárias nas cadelas, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as células inflamatórias infiltradas e também a presença de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias nos tumores malignos bem como investigar os marcadores de prognóstico nas mesmas neoplasias. Para a realização deste estudo foram selecionadas 30 amostras de tumores mamários de cadelas. As amostras foram divididas em 3 grupos, de acordo com a classificação histopatológica sendo, carcinossarcoma, carcinoma sólido, carcinoma tubulopapilar. A avaliação das células inflamatórias CD3 (Dako), CD4 (Novocastra), CD8 (Novocastra), CD79-a (Dako), CD68 (Dako), citocinas TGF-b (Santa Cruz), IL-2r (Santa Cruz) e dos marcadores de prognóstico Ki-67, p53, ER e PR, foi conduzida por imuno-histoquímica, utilizando-se a técnica estreptoavidina-biotina-peroxidase. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, observou-se maior concentração de linócitos B nos carcinomas sólidos e tubulopapilares, o que também foi visto para a citocina TGF- podendo-se sugerir que essa citocina esteja auxiliando a resposta imune humoral do hospedeiro favorecendo assim o tumor. Esses dois marcadores apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05) entre a imunorreatividade do carcinossarcoma e os outros dois tumores. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre a imunorreatividade dos três tipos de tumores para o marcador ER. Para o PR, a diferença significativa foi vista entre o carcinoma sólido e carcinoma tubulopapilar, o mesmo sendo visto para o Ki-67. O gene p53 apresentou diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre a imunorretaividade do carcinossarcoma e do carcinoma sólido e tubulopapilar, o mesmo acontecendo para o MHC II. Não houve correlação entre a resposta inflamatória e os marcadores de prognóstico. Houve correlação negativa entre o p53 e os receptores de progesterona e estrógeno. / Abstract: In view of the high incidence of mammary neoplasia in dogs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory infiltrate cells and presence of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines in malignant tumors, and to investigate the prognostic markers in these neoplasms. For this, a sample of 30 mammary tumors from dogs was selected. The samples were divided into three groups according to histopathological classification: carcinosarcoma, solid carcinoma or tubulopapillary carcinoma. The CD3 (Dako), CD4 (Novocastra), CD8 (Novocastra), CD79-a (Dako) and CD68 (Dako) inflammatory cells, TGF-b (Santa Cruz) and IL-2r (Santa Cruz) cytokines and Ki-67, p53, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor prognostic markers were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry, using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. It was found that the B lymphocyte concentration was greater in solid and tubulopapillary carcinomas. This was also seen for TGF-b cytokines, which may suggest that this cytokine was helping the host's humoral immune response, thereby favoring the tumor. The immunoreactivity of these two markers was significantly different (P<0.05) between carcinosarcomas and the other two tumor types. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in immunoreactivity between the three tumor types for the estrogen receptor marker. For progesterone receptors and Ki-67, a significant difference was seen between solid and tubulopapillary carcinomas. For the gene p53 and MHC II, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in immunoreactivity between carcinosarcomas and the other two tumor types. There was no correlation between the inflammatory response and the prognostic markers. There was a negative correlation between p53 and the progesterone and estrogen receptors. / Doutor

O câncer de próstata é o tumor não cutâneo mais comum entre homens e responsável pela segunda maior mortalidade entre os tumores neste sexo. Diferentes métodos são utilizados com o objetivo de determinar o prognóstico do paciente portador de câncer de próstata, contudo existe grande heterogeneidade quando estes são usados individualmente. A leptina é um hormônio peptídico envolvido na regulação da ingestão alimentar, do metabolismo, do gasto energético, além de função neuroendócrina. Este hormônio parece estar envolvido na patogênese de alguns tipos de tumores, inclusive os adenocarcinomas de próstata. Até o presente não se tem certeza se a leptina e seu receptor possam ser utilizados como fatores prognósticos no cancer de próstata. O objetivo do trabalho foi correlacionar os perfis de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata com diferentes fatores prognósticos e comparar as análises de imunomarcação da leptina e seu receptor em adenocarcinomas de próstata por métodos semiquantitativos e quantitativos (morfometria). Foram analisadas 532 peças cirúrgicas de prostatectomias radicais por câncer prostático. A partir destas amostras, após estudo histopatológico, foi montado um arranjo de matriz tecidual, contendo fragmentos de áreas tumorais e não tumorais (peritumorais) destas amostras. Estas foram imunomarcadas com anticorpos antileptina e antirreceptor de leptina. Análises subjetivas (feitas por dois observadores) e objetivas (através da contagem de pontos) foram realizadas em cada uma das imunomarcações. Estes resultados foram comparados e correlacionados com os seguintes fatores prognósticos: invasão perineural, embolização neoplásica vascular, comprometimento bilateral da próstata, invasão das vesículas seminais, comprometimento de margem vesical, de margem uretral e de margem cirúrgica de ressecção. Houve diferença significativa entre as análises subjetivas dos dois observadores e, portanto, estas não foram utilizadas para as demais comparações. Em relação às análises objetivas, foi verificado que a expressão do receptor de leptina estava diminuída nos tumores com comprometimento de margem cirúrgica, de margem uretral e de vesículas seminais. Ainda foi observado correlação entre a expressão desse receptor e o somátório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. Para as demais análises não foi verificada diferença significativa. Métodos semiquantitativos podem ter grande variação e devem ser preteridos em relação a métodos quantitativos para as análises realizadas neste estudo. Nem a leptina nem o seu receptor apresentaram alterações de sua expressão em amostras neoplásicas de próstata quando comparado àquelas não neoplásicas. O receptor de leptina apresentou uma diminuição da sua expressão em tumores com margem cirúrgica comprometida, margem uretral comprometida e com vesículas seminais comprometidas. Houve correlação negativa entre o percentual de área imunomarcada com o anticorpo antirreceptor de leptina e o somatório dos fatores prognósticos analisados. / Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous tumor among men and accounted for the second highest mortality rate among tumors in this sex. Different methods are used to determine the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, yet there is great heterogeneity when they are used individually. Leptin is a peptide hormone, involved in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, energy expenditure, and neuroendocrine function. This hormone appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of tumors, including prostate adenocarcinomas. Up to the present, it is uncertain if leptin and its receptor may be used as prognostic factors in prostate cancer. The objective of this study was correlate the profiles of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas with different prognostic factors and compare the analysis of immunostaining of leptin and its receptor in prostate adenocarcinomas by semi quantitative and quantitative methods (morphometry). A total of 532 surgical specimens from radical prostatectomies from prostate cancer had been studied. After pathological examination, these samples were included in a tissue microarray containing fragments of tumoral and non-tumoral areas (peritumoral areas). These were immunostained with antibodies antileptin and antileptin receptor. Subjective analysis (made by two observers) and objective (by counting points) were performed on each sample. These results were compared and correlated with the following prognostic factors: perineural invasion, neoplasic vascular embolization, bilateral involvement of the prostate, seminal vesicle invasion, involvement of vesical margin, involvement of urethral margin and involvement of resection surgical margin. There were significant differences between subjective analyses of the two observers, and, therefore, they were not used for other comparisons. Regarding the objective analysis, it was found that leptin receptor expression was reduced in tumors with involvement of the surgical margin, urethral margin and seminal vesicles invasion. Further, there were correlation between the expression of this receptor and the sum of prognostic factors. For the other analyses, it was not observed any significant difference. Semi quantitative methods can have great variation and should be passed over in relation to quantitative methods for the analysis performed in this study. Neither leptin nor its receptor exhibited changes in their expression in neoplastic prostatic samples compared to those that are not neoplastic. The leptin receptor showed a decreased expression in tumors with positive surgical margin, positive urethral margin and involvement of seminal vesicles. There were a negative correlation between the percentage of immunostaining area with antibody antileptin receptor and the sum of prognostic factors.

Objectives: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive lesion of an increasing clinical importance. Individual risk assessment is essential for an optimal treatment. Our objective was to identify clinical and molecular characteristics of a subgroup of DCIS with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: In a population study, we analyzed women with DCIS diagnosed within one mammography screening unit. In the experimental part of this work, we conducted a comparative analysis of five biological markers in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer by means of gene expression analysis and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: We demonstrated a high proportion of pure (no invasive component) DCIS (14.41%) of all breast lesions described as malignant. In our sample, we saw a homogeneous distribution of risk factors without noting a clear pattern identifying high-risk subtypes. We noted significant differences in clinical management of tumors with similar characteristics, which demonstrates the present state of limited use of clinical predictors. In the laboratory experiment, we showed differences in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between DCIS and invasive breast cancer for BRCA1 (8.69% vs. 44.74%) and BRCA2 (9.52% vs. 45.0%). In contrast, we did not find any differences for p53 (31.82%...