Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Frederick M. Kronz. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

La Modernité a mis en place un système philosophique et politique visant à pacifier en urgence la Cité, plongée dans les guerres civiles religieuses. Les équilibres contenus dans ce paradigme plongent la Cité d'aujourd'hui face à un nouveau péril: l'effondrement pour raison écologique. Il s'agira d'envisager un paradigme de gouvernement qui, tout en tenant compte des craintes légitimes du paradigme moderne, préserve également la Cité des ravages du réchauffement climatique. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais.

This dissertation is an examination of US-Guatemalan relations during the 1960's. At that time, the United States was promoting a major developmental program throughout Latin America: The Alliance for Progress. A "Marshall Plan for Latin America" the Alliance was meant to modernize the region by promoting democratic institutions, invigorating local economies, and expanding access to education and medical care. In Guatemala, however, anticommunist dogma prevailed over the lofty rhetoric of the Alliance for Progress. Instead of becoming the promised "showcase for democracy", Guatemala was transformed into a garrison-state engulfed in a long, violent civil war. This history will reconstruct these events and explain how even policies crafted with the best of intentions can end in tragedy.

The question of economic growth is one of the most fascinating concepts the development economics department is experiencing. It has been proven that some theories of economic growth can explain the course of development at an accumulated degree in this paper I’m going to investigate if the countries technical progress contributes to its economic growth. Another interesting thing to look at is how growth emerges in different places at different times. This big change in GDP first started to appear in Britain and then in the United States. In countries like Brazil and Japan the standards of living started to rise in the past century and in China GDP growth started just a few decades ago.  GDP have exploded in the most recent two or three centuries. Standard of living has been very low thru most of history. This thesis investigates the relationship between economic growth and the level of technology, and how ever the countries are converging or diverging away from each other. With the help of secondary collected data and a cross country regression model. The results showed similar results according to previous studies, that technical progress contribute to economic growth, some evidence indicating economic convergence were also found.

New Deal Art Now offers a sampling of the breadth of the Works Progress Administration and Federal Art Projects (WPA/FAP), calling attention to the skills, histories, and social identities of an extraordinarily diverse spectrum of professional and amateur artists funded by the United States federal government during the Great Depression. The New Deal, a major economic stimulus initiative that ran from 1935-1943, included the Works Progress Administration Federal One Projects, encompassing fine art, music, theater, writing, and design. These projects provided economic support and cultural enrichment to hundreds of thousands of Americans, in the form of jobs, entertainment, and education in the arts. New Deal Art Now seeks to reframe a period of United States artistic production that is often narrowly cast in exhibitions and their related literature on the subject. The theme of diversity is explored through several critical lenses, such as questioning the relationship between art and artifact, considering that many creative works of the New Deal function as both. The majority of the exhibited artworks are juxtaposed against one another to challenge the designations that contemporary material culture traditionally assigns them. Showcasing 48 objects in total, the exhibits include painting, sculpture, educational models, archival film, and archival audio, which are juxtaposed alongside contemporary paintings, photography, and music, created in conjunction with this exhibition. By situating these works (as well as the very categories of amateur and professional, art and artifact, museum and archive, past and present) in productive relation to one another this exhibition argues for the significance of all of these works and artists to the diverse history of twentieth-century American art.

O Fundo Social foi criado em 1997, com o objetivo de permitir ao BNDES apoiar, com recursos não reembolsáveis, projetos e investimentos de caráter social, nas áreas de geração de emprego e renda, serviços urbanos, saúde, educação e desportos, justiça, alimentação, habitação, meio ambiente, desenvolvimento rural e outras vinculadas ao desenvolvimento regional e social. Os recursos do Fundo Social provêm da destinação de parcela do lucro das operações do BNDES e sua aplicação constitui, em última análise, investimento público em setores sociais básicos. A análise da evolução do Fundo Social evidencia as prioridades para concessão de apoio financeiro e revela que seu foco, inicialmente voltado especialmente para a assistência social ao público eleito como prioritário – crianças e jovens em situação de risco social –, deslocou-se para o apoio a projetos de geração de trabalho e renda, visando à redução da desigualdade social e econômica. No período 1997-2002, foram apoiadas iniciativas com potencial para se tornarem políticas públicas, como o Método Mãe-Canguru de Atenção ao Prematuro.No mesmo período, procurou-se estruturar novas ações no campo do social por meio da criação de programas como o Programa de Apoio a Crianças e Jovens em Situação de Risco Social. Foram firmadas parcerias com órgãos como o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) e a Aliança com o Adolescente pelo Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Nordeste, no âmbito do Programa de Desenvolvimento Local. Durante o segundo período analisado, 2003-2008, os recursos do Fundo Social foram empregados para complementação de políticas de desenvolvimento regional e social de áreas de baixa renda, em convergência com programas federais destinados a setores sociais básicos e territórios com baixo nível de desenvolvimento relativo e regiões de extrema pobreza. A partir de 2008, foram negociados e firmados convênios com “parceiros estratégicos”, como estados, ministérios e fundações privadas, que atuarão como cofinanciadores e responsáveis pela gestão de projetos de geração de emprego e renda executados por terceiros. / TCCP (MBE em Responsabilidade e Terceiro Setor) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Economia, Rio de Janeiro, 2009. / Bibliografia: p. 84-86

O Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Socioambiental e Cultural da Terra Indígena Apucaraninha foi criado como condicionalidade para que a comunidade pudesse receber parte dos recursos oriundos da compensação pela construção e operação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Apucaraninha, instalada dentro das terras indígenas. Teoricamente criado para ser um programa em que os índios participassem de forma ativa e igualitária na sua construção e implementação, já nasce contraditório frente à hegemonia da ideologia da sociedade envolvente imersa na ideologia do management. É assim que tenho como objetivo compreender como o management, enquanto ideologia que se materializa em discurso, atua sobre o Programa de Sustentabilidade Socioambiental e Cultural na Terra Indígena Apucaraninha, Paraná. Para isso, faço uma pesquisa qualitativa em que os discursos, coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal, aplicados aos indígenas e aos não-indígenas participantes do programa, foram interpretados sob a perspectiva dos elementos da Análise do Discurso na Linha Francesa. Como apoio, ainda analisei documentos do programa e os emitidos pelo Ministério Público Federal. Os principais resultados mostram que, como eu já desconfiava, o programa exclui a participação dos indígenas de fato, uma vez que eles são considerados pelos \"brancos\", de maneira estereotipada, como irracionais, indolentes e atrasados e, assim, incapazes de escolher o \"melhor caminho\" para a sustentabilidade do programa que, neste momento, passa se orientar por uma visão economicista e materialista, contrário a lógica dos índios Kaingang. Ao discurso do management, sustentado pelo discurso capitalista, que promete a felicidade, se junta o discurso do colonizador, que trabalha desclassificando o modo de vida dos indígenas, os colocando em uma situação de vulnerabilidade que pode, assim, promover o seu extermínio, mesmo que não seja físico / The Environmental and Cultural Sustainable Development Program of the Indigenous Land Apucaraninha was set as conditionality for the community be able to receive part of the proceeds from the compensation for the construction and operation of hydroelectric power plant Apucaraninha, located on the indigenous lands. Theoretically designed to be a program in which the Indians where to participate actively and equally in its construction and implementation, is begins contradictory against the hegemony of the ideology of the surrounding society immersed in the management ideology. That\'s how I aim to understand how the management, as an ideology that is embodied in discourse, acts on the Environmental and Cultural Sustainability Program in the Indigenous Land Apucaraninha, Paraná. Therefore, I make a qualitative research in the discourses, collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups applied to indigenous and non-indigenous participants in the program, were interpreted from the perspective of the elements of Discourse Analysis on the French Line. As support, it was also analysed program documents and those issued by federal prosecutors. The main results show that, as I suspected, the program excludes the participation of the fact that indigenous people, since they are considered by the \"white\" of stereotypical way, as irrational, lazy and backward and thus unable to choose \"best way\" for program sustainability at the moment passes be guided by an economistic and materialistic view, contrary to the logic of the Kaingang. The discourse of management, supported by capitalist discourse, which promises happiness, joins the discourse of colonizer, working disqualifying the way of life of indigenous people, putting them in a vulnerable situation which can thus promote their extermination even than physical.

Neste trabalho historiográfico procuramos mostrar que de 1869 a 1905, houve a implantação de um projeto de desenvolvimento econômico para o Ceará que se baseava no emprego de trabalhadores desvalidos durante as secas que atingiram a região Norte (atual Nordeste) quando havia uma escassez de água, alimentos e forragem para os gados. Nesse período, os socorros públicos foram implantados à luz do projeto Pompeu Sinimbú, que levou as famílias pobres sertanejas a migrarem em direção às cidades litorâneas onde o governo acenava com os socorros públicos. Por trás da idealização do projeto Pompeu Sinimbú havia o problema das disputas por melhoramentos materiais entre o Norte e o Sul do Brasil. Mas a consecução desse projeto atingiu diretamente a população pobre sertaneja que ao invés de receber o socorro no próprio domicílio ou ser alvo de políticas públicas de prevenção aos efeitos das secas, foi utilizada como mão de obra abundante e barata, cujo sofrimento diante da seca servia para que as elites conseguissem o envio de recursos à província. Denominamos esse projeto de Pompeu Sinimbú, porque ele foi concebido inicialmente pelo senador Pompeu e tornado oficial pelo visconde de Sinimbú. Esse projeto preconizava a idéia de utilizar a mão de obra disponível durante as secas para a realização de obras públicas, pautando nesse mecanismo o progresso da província. Porém, paralelamente a execução dessa proposta houve uma outra propugnada pelo barão de Capanema e pela Comissão Científica de Exploração que não considerava a seca um óbice ao desenvolvimento da região, mas o atraso da atividade agrícola e a falta de medidas de prevenção aos efeitos das estiagens / In this work we tried to show that from 1869 to 1905, there was the implantation of a project of economical development for Ceará that based on the destitute workers\' job during the droughts that reached the North area (current Northeast) when there were a shortage of water, foods and forage for the cattle. In that period, the public helps were implanted to the light of the project Pompeu Sinimbú, that took the country poor families migrate her towards the coastal cities where the government waived with the public helps. Behind the idealization of the project Pompeu Sinimbú there was the problem of the disputes for material improvements between the North and the South of Brazil. But the attainment of that project reached the country poor population directly that instead of receiving the help in the own home or white being of public politics of prevention to the effects of the droughts, it was used as hand of abundant and cheap work, whose suffering before the drought served so that the elites got the sending of resources to the province. We denominated that project of Pompeu Sinimbú, because he was conceived initially by senator Pompeu and tornado official by the viscount of Sinimbú. That project extolled the idea of using the hand of available work during the droughts for the accomplishment of public works, ruling in that mechanism the progress of the province. However, parallel the execution of that proposal had another one proposed by the baron of Capanema and for the Scientific Commission of Exploration that didn\'t consider the drought an obstacle to the development of the area, but the delay of the agricultural activity and the lack of prevention measures to the effects of the droughts

One of the problems when developing software is the difficulty of knowing how much that is done in a project. This is a basic condition to be able to estimate the remaining efforts with increased accuracy over time. To get accurate progress information it is important that the progress tracking is done in an objective way and also in an as simple way as possible. Our focus in this work has been software projects in general but a case study has also been performed at Ericsson Software Technology AB in Ronneby. We have studied the organization and performed interviews with project managers to find out if this really is a problem and if the process can be improved in some way to ease the task of progress tracking. This case study together with our literature study has resulted in a proposition for a solution. Our approach has been to use automated testing as a way to make progress tracking more objective. The result presented in this thesis is a base for a system that could ease the tracking of progress. In short, the system extracts information from an automated testing process and compares it with estimated figures to be able to automatically generate progress information. / 0708-574327

The grain and oil seed industry plays a major role in the South African economy; therefore, having access to market information is vital for this market to remain efficient and competitive. A shortage in market information causes many inefficiencies and uncertainties. Having market information allows the playing field to be level for all role players and reduces opportunities for manipulating prices. South Africa, just like most developing countries, needs to strengthen information flows, as well as institutions governing the grain and oil seed industry. In view of the major grain producing countries in the world and the amount of money and effort spent on releasing planting progress reports, the South Africa grain and oilseed sector should to take heed. This paper considers the importance of market information and how the South African grain and oil seed industry can benefit from that, grain planting progress reports are considered to be of importance as they fill a significant gap in the production season. Taking an institutional perspective into the economics of information, the study found that actors having little financial and social resources or political influence faced high costs in accessing information and that this prevents both market development and access to existing ones. The point of discussion is on weak information flows, as well as transaction costs that come with them, and the impact they have on prices and profitability. We therefore use New Institutional Economics to emphasise the importance of information in the market and the impact thereof in the absence of perfect information. The main underlying issue for imperfect information is that the lack of perfect and freely available information leads to risk and uncertainty in transactions. When trying to analyse the importance of information in the grain and oilseed industry, it was established that accuracy, value and market effect of information for public consumption were important. In particular, information communication technology was examined as a means of information dissemination in agriculture, especially in developing countries like South Africa. The study found that the major grain and oilseed producing countries that generate planting progress reports are the USA, Brazil, Argentina and Australia. The study looked at the methods used by these countries to compile such reports. Although they have varying methodologies, the key point is timely and frequent information which is readily available for public consumption. After analysing developments and methodologies globally, the focus shifted to South Africa where current information sources in the South African grain and oilseed industry, and the kind of information provided, were analysed. A pilot study was conducted in the summer grain production area of NWK Ltd to gain some insight and experience. The source of communication comprised mobile phones and farmers were able to respond on their progress, as well as receive feedback using the same communication media. Lastly in order to re-emphasis the benefits of a planting progress report, we review the impact of price volatility and how information in the market can help stabilise it. / Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / MSc (Agric) / Unrestricted