Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report was conducted to critically review the methodologies and best practices prescribed by world class cost engineering experts and institutions, in order to develop a cost estimating model which organisations could use as a guideline for their cost estimates on large capital intensive projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag is gedoen om ‘n kritiese oorsig te doen op die metodes en beste praktyke voorgeskryf deur wereldklas koste ingenieur deskundiges en instansies, om sodoende ‘n koste beramings model te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word deur organisasies as handleiding gedurende die koste beraming van hulle kapitale intensiewe projekte.

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of M.Sc. Building to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Project management is no longer seen as just a management based approach but as a profession in its own right. It is, however, still common that individuals practice project management without, necessarily, being registered with the profession creating a crossing of professional jurisdiction. Existing literature or lack thereof indicates shallow investigation into project management registration and its impact on project performance. This report compares the project performance of registered and non-registered construction project managers in the South African built environment. A mix method approach was applied where the quantitative data was collected and complimented by qualitative data that aimed to solicit perceived factors that may influence improved project performance. Using a cross-sectional survey interview consisting of a semistructured questionnaire, data were collected from project management practitioners and professionals with the relevant knowledge and experience. The survey solicited 578 responses, with only 402 being regarded as complete survey responses. There respondents were sourced from the various professional councils that fall under the South African Built Environment. The results indicate no significant differentiation between the project performance of registered construction project managers and those who are not registered as construction project managers. On the job experience is considered a vital factor influencing project performance from a project manager’s perspective. Responses also indicate a variance in the perceived importance of construction project management registration. Despite the primary motivation behind registration having been expressed as “competitive advantage”, registration was considered most effective when used in combination with education, training and the understanding of project management knowledge areas. / XL2018

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Building (Project Management in Construction) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / There is a noticeable prevalence of public resistance when implementing mega public sector projects in South Africa. This resistance is indicative of a lack of communication between implementers and the general populace. The aim of the study was to assess the regulatory framework of public consultation in mega projects in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design of consulting engineers, project managers, and municipality staff, using structured questionnaire was adopted. This was followed by case analyses of three mega projects in South Africa. The main finding of the study is that there has to be operationalizable regulatory framework which could be utilized to inculcate public consultation, its coordination should be articulated within the three spheres of government, this has to be monitored systematically. As such thereis the need to improve on the provisions and implementation of the existing regulatory framework among the spheres of government for better coordination and monitoring with the public. / MT 2018

Este trabalho trata de questões relativas à gestão dos projetos associados com a implementação do planejamento estratégico das empresas. Embora nos dias atuais o planejamento estratégico seja uma ferramenta essencial para auxiliar as empresas a estabelecer, sustentar e ampliar suas vantagens competitivas, pesquisas mostram que sua implementação é bastante deficiente, sendo um dos principais problemas a falta de estrutura e metodologias adequadas para gerenciar a execução dos projetos estratégicos definidos a partir do planejamento. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são, através de um estudo de caso, elucidar em que aspectos - e de que forma - o gerenciamento de projetos estratégicos pode ser aprimorado e contribuir para a compreensão das principais questões e problemas relacionados à implementação e gestão deste tipo de projeto. O estudo de caso foi realizado numa empresa de manufatura da área de tecnologia de informação onde apenas 50% dos projetos estratégicos são concluídos e atingem o objetivo esperado. Neste estudo realizou-se na empresa o levantamento dos processos de planejamento estratégico, de gerenciamento dos projetos estratégicos, dos resultados destes projetos, dos fatores críticos para o sucesso na implementação dos mesmos e da maturidade e excelência nas práticas de gestão de projetos. Com a análise dos dados levantados na pesquisa concluiu-se que, apesar da empresa possuir uma pequena estrutura dedicada ao gerenciamento dos projetos estratégicos, a falta de uma metodologia melhor estruturada para este gerenciamento era a principal responsável pelo baixo índice de sucesso na execução dos projetos. A partir das análises dos dados coletados e das conclusões tiradas a respeito das principais deficiências presentes nos processos de gerenciamento apresenta-se no trabalho uma proposta preliminar para a estrutura básica de uma metodologia para gerenciamento dos projetos estratégicos da empresa estudada, com o objetivo de sanar ou minimizar as deficiências gerenciais encontradas. / This research handle themes related to project management associate with strategic planning implementation in the companies. Although in the current days the strategic planning is an essential tool to aid the companies to establish, to sustain and to enlarge their competitive advantages, researches show that implementation is quite deficient, being one of the main problems the structure lack and appropriate methodologies to manage the execution of the defined strategic projects starting from the planning. The objectives of the present work are, through a case study, to elucidate in which aspects - and which form - the management of strategic projects can be perfected and to contribute for the understanding of the main subjects and problems related to the implementation and management of this kind of project. The case study was accomplished in a manufacturing company of information technology area where only 50% of the strategic projects are ended and reached the expected objective. In this study was performed in the company a survey of the processes of strategic planning, management of strategic projects, results of these projects, critical factors for the success in the implementation and maturity and excellence in the practices of projects management. With the analysis of the data in the research was concluded that, in spite of the company has a small structure dedicated to the management of the strategic projects, the lack of a better structured methodology for project management was the main responsible for the low success index in the execution of the projects. Starting from the analyses of the collected data and of the conclusions regarding the main present deficiencies in the management processes, shows up in the work a preliminary proposal for the basic methodology structure for management of the strategic projects of the studied company, with the objective of to cure or to minimize the found managerial deficiencies.

Despite advances in technology, software and planning tools that are available to project managers, information systems (IS) projects continue to fail. Storm (2005, pg 1) has suggested that management issues are a central theme in these failures, recommending more thorough training for project managers and improved management overall. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementations, arguably the most complex of IS projects, are particularly costly, high risk endeavors (Davenport, 1998, pg 7). When multiple locations are involved, the projects are even more challenging (Boudreau and Robey, 1999, pg 294; Markus et al, 2000, pg 46). This remains true even when a company has completed the strategic planning, the software configuration and the required infrastructural support, as experience shows companies may still face considerable complexity in getting from the capability to the reality. Due to a configuration knowledge barrier (Robey et al, 2002, pg 40), extensive use is often made of external consultants whose services add considerably to project cost (Haines and Goodhue, 2003, pg 24). By internalising and realising the benefits of a learning process within the business, implementation teams will become more self-reliant as their experience grows, increasing the possibility of success in subsequent implementations (Chang, 2004, pg 7). The challenge is how to achieve this learning effectively and efficiently (Esteves et al, 2002, pg 3). This dissertation proposes that an action learning approach may hold the key to reducing the variability of success in successive projects. This research has benefit for all practitioners, and particularly Project and Programme Managers working in Information System projects. It shows how incorporating an action learning approach to projects results in savings through doing things cheaper, quicker and better. It further proposes a practical, workable methodology for ensuring how action learning should take place as part of standard project methodologies. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

Este trabalho trata de questões relativas à gestão dos projetos associados com a implementação do planejamento estratégico das empresas. Embora nos dias atuais o planejamento estratégico seja uma ferramenta essencial para auxiliar as empresas a estabelecer, sustentar e ampliar suas vantagens competitivas, pesquisas mostram que sua implementação é bastante deficiente, sendo um dos principais problemas a falta de estrutura e metodologias adequadas para gerenciar a execução dos projetos estratégicos definidos a partir do planejamento. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são, através de um estudo de caso, elucidar em que aspectos - e de que forma - o gerenciamento de projetos estratégicos pode ser aprimorado e contribuir para a compreensão das principais questões e problemas relacionados à implementação e gestão deste tipo de projeto. O estudo de caso foi realizado numa empresa de manufatura da área de tecnologia de informação onde apenas 50% dos projetos estratégicos são concluídos e atingem o objetivo esperado. Neste estudo realizou-se na empresa o levantamento dos processos de planejamento estratégico, de gerenciamento dos projetos estratégicos, dos resultados destes projetos, dos fatores críticos para o sucesso na implementação dos mesmos e da maturidade e excelência nas práticas de gestão de projetos. Com a análise dos dados levantados na pesquisa concluiu-se que, apesar da empresa possuir uma pequena estrutura dedicada ao gerenciamento dos projetos estratégicos, a falta de uma metodologia melhor estruturada para este gerenciamento era a principal responsável pelo baixo índice de sucesso na execução dos projetos. A partir das análises dos dados coletados e das conclusões tiradas a respeito das principais deficiências presentes nos processos de gerenciamento apresenta-se no trabalho uma proposta preliminar para a estrutura básica de uma metodologia para gerenciamento dos projetos estratégicos da empresa estudada, com o objetivo de sanar ou minimizar as deficiências gerenciais encontradas. / This research handle themes related to project management associate with strategic planning implementation in the companies. Although in the current days the strategic planning is an essential tool to aid the companies to establish, to sustain and to enlarge their competitive advantages, researches show that implementation is quite deficient, being one of the main problems the structure lack and appropriate methodologies to manage the execution of the defined strategic projects starting from the planning. The objectives of the present work are, through a case study, to elucidate in which aspects - and which form - the management of strategic projects can be perfected and to contribute for the understanding of the main subjects and problems related to the implementation and management of this kind of project. The case study was accomplished in a manufacturing company of information technology area where only 50% of the strategic projects are ended and reached the expected objective. In this study was performed in the company a survey of the processes of strategic planning, management of strategic projects, results of these projects, critical factors for the success in the implementation and maturity and excellence in the practices of projects management. With the analysis of the data in the research was concluded that, in spite of the company has a small structure dedicated to the management of the strategic projects, the lack of a better structured methodology for project management was the main responsible for the low success index in the execution of the projects. Starting from the analyses of the collected data and of the conclusions regarding the main present deficiencies in the management processes, shows up in the work a preliminary proposal for the basic methodology structure for management of the strategic projects of the studied company, with the objective of to cure or to minimize the found managerial deficiencies.

Risk management (RM) should be seen as one of the most important functions in the South African built environment. Without the effective management of the risks associated with the industry, the noble vision of a sector that is efficient, profitable, and sustainable cannot be achieved. By embracing tried and tested policies that successfully mitigate risk, industry stakeholders will achieve many project successes, and will outlast any competitors that choose to ignore, or are ignorant of the fact, that the negative impact risk has on projects is inversely proportional to the level of RM employed. Construction Project Management (CPM) practices, realising that there are excellent business opportunities across South Africa’s borders, and faced with a competitive South African market, are engaging with developers and government entities involved in cross border projects in the hope of securing these potentially lucrative African projects. With this move into Africa comes increased uncertainty and risk for these CPM practices, and other project stakeholders. Similarly, CPM practices that have made the strategic decision to remain operational only within South Africa’s borders, are faced with a competitive and complex built environment and industry, made increasingly challenging by a weakening economy, exacerbated by industrial strikes, infrastructure deficiencies and a decrease in industry skill levels. This study reports on Project Managers’ (PMs’) perceptions of project failures and inefficiencies resulting from inadequate RM on projects, including the RM methodologies currently being employed. The study focused on perceptions of PMs who operate within South Africa’s borders, PMs that operate across border into other African countries, as well as PMs who operate exclusively within South Africa’s built environment framework. A study was undertaken incorporating qualitative methodologies via a normative survey. The survey was split into three main phases. Phase one employed the use of a pilot survey executed with the objective of further investigating the main sub-problems to gain more insight into the related issues and challenges. For the pilot survey, PMs were selected based on their engagement in CPM activities within South Africa as well as across South Africa’s borders into other African countries. Phase two of the main survey, with the sample stratum being the Association of Construction Project Managers (ACPM), was aimed at PMs within the ACPM who have engaged, or are engaging, in CPM activities both within South Africa’s borders as well as across South Africa’s borders into other African countries. Phase 3 of the main survey, with the sample stratum being the ACPM, was aimed at PMs within the ACPM who have engaged, or are engaging, in CPM activities within South Africa’s borders only and have not engaged in cross border activities. Survey findings identified the commercial sector and value of the projects undertaken by the practices, the level of risk associated with different client typologies, the link between inadequate RM and project inefficiency and failure, and the importance of RM on projects. Findings also identified that RM methodologies are employed by CPM practices, and that CPM practices generally endeavour to create a culture of risk awareness amongst employees. Further findings indicated that CPM practices may not always understand the risks associated with new industry sectors, regions or countries that they are considering operating within, and that that there is room for improvement regarding the effectiveness of current RM systems. Survey findings also indicated that risk is not always transferred to the correct project stakeholder most suited to managing the risk, and CPM practices are not always able to accurately quantify the costs associated with project risk. Furthermore, it was identified that CPM practices do not always undertaken risk assessments (RAs) at the correct project stage resulting in inadequate risk contingencies allowances, regular risk reviews are not always undertaken for projects, project pre-mortems are seen as valuable tools by CPM practices as a method to reduce future risk, and project post-mortems relative to ‘lessons learnt’ are not always undertaken. Conclusions outline the link between effective RM, project inefficiencies and project failure, as well as the increase or decrease in risk relative to ineffective or effective use of risk identification and management methodologies for time, cost, and quality factors respectively. Conclusions also outline the fact that although CPM practices generally understand the link between RM and project success, they are not always able to fully comprehend the risks associated with new industry sectors, regions or cross border countries. This indicates that without the adequate identification of risk, the RM process or steps that follow the qualitative risk identification process will have little or no value. This is indicative of the requirement for professional associations to consolidate risk data for industry activities with the aim of improving the level of RM industry wide. Recommendations highlight the importance of the compiling of sector specific risk registers, compiled by the South African Council for the Project and Construction Management Professions (SACPCMP) with registered member input, made available to all PMs via the SACPCMPs online database. Further recommendations include: the engendering, by senior management of CPM practices; a healthy ‘risk aware’ culture, by promoting RM practices aligned with best practice methodologies; the implementation of well balanced and formal RM systems throughout the CPM practice, with the aim of achieving effective RM without overburdening PMs with unnecessary documentation or ‘paperwork’; the attendance of risk conferences and workshops by all CPM practices, aimed at specifically identifying challenges that exist with RM and methods that can be employed to improve the status quo; the attendance of formal risk training courses, by all CPM practices, aimed at improving the knowledge base of PMs relative to effective RM, and the appointment of risk professionals, driven by the monetary value and risk levels of the project, to undertake the RM process and unburden PMs from the task, allowing PMs to concentrate on the other project knowledge areas.

The research shows the critical success factors when implementing information security projects. Many Information security projects in the past have not been successful because these factors were not identified and emphasised effectively. By identifying these factors the research basically presents a model by which information security projects can be executed with guaranteed success. The factors identified during the study cover the following streams: top management commitment as a factor of success; accountability as a factor of success; responsibility as a factor of success; awareness as a factor of success and an information security policy as a factor of success. For the empirical study, a physical questionnaire was administrated to a pool of experts in project management and information security. The study consisted of 60 participants who were verified to have minimum requirements core for questionnaire completion. The questionnaire requested for biological information of the participants and their perceived relations (based on their experience) between project success versus accountability, information security project success versus responsibilities, information security project success versus training & awareness, information security project success versus top management commitment and information security project success versus information security policy. The participants’ responses were structured according to a Likert-type scale. Participants had to indicate the extent to which they agreed with each of the statements in the questionnaire. The responses obtained from the survey were presented and analysed. The researcher observed in this study that information security projects are so specific that critical success factors need to be emphasised from project inception. With the identified critical success factors, the researcher recommends that a project methodology be structured to include these factors so that there is a standard in running information security projects successfully. The researcher also identified that amongst the critical success factors identified, there are some that need to be emphasised more than the others due to their level of importance in such projects.

Metodología BIM es un proceso que involucra la generación, gestión e integración de datos de un proyecto de construcción utilizando softwares dinámicos, los cuales se complementan, según su disciplina o campo de acción, con otras aplicaciones. De esta forma, BIM permite al proyecto cumplir todas sus fases, logrando que el contenido pueda ser utilizado con eficiencia y así evitar los reprocesos e incompatibilidades. La presente investigación tiene como enfoque la aplicación de esta metodología para la optimización del costo y el tiempo en proyectos viales, ya que diversos estudios determinan que existe una enorme brecha en la infraestructura de transporte vial del país que requiere especial atención. Buscar cerrar tal brecha, generando proyectos competitivos y con metodologías innovadoras, supone una gran oportunidad de crecimiento y desarrollo, especialmente en la región sierra centro y sur, donde se concentra un gran porcentaje de la pobreza existente en el país. Por tanto, esta investigación se centra en proyectos pertenecientes a dicha zona. / BIM Methodology is a process that involves the generation, management and integration of a construction project data using dynamic software, which is complemented, according to its discipline or field of action, with other apps. In this way, BIM allows the project to fulfill all its phases, ensuring that the content can be used efficiently and thus avoid reprocessing and incompatibilities. The present investigation is focused on the application of this methodology for the optimization of the cost and time in road projects, since diverse studies have determined that there is a huge gap in road transport infrastructure in the country that requires special attention. Seeking to close that gap by generating competitive projects with innovative methodologies, represents a great opportunity for growth and development, especially in the central and southern Andes of Peru, where a large percentage of the country's poverty is concentrated. Therefore, this research focuses on projects that belong to that area. / Tesis

l presente trabajo de investigación contempla el desarrollo de los grupos de procesos de iniciación y planificación para el proyecto “Cambio de Core voz en Operador Perú 1” tomando como referencia la guía del PMBOK® 5ta edición. Además, sustenta el caso de negocio que justifica el proyecto, así como el alineamiento a los objetivos organizacionales de la empresa de telecomunicaciones InnovaTech S.A.C, empresa ejecutora del proyecto. El proyecto pertenece a la especialidad de ingeniería de red core móvil y trata sobre el cambio de la infraestructura de la central voz del cliente Operador Perú 1. El proyecto se divide en las etapas de: Dirección de proyecto, survey, instalación, integración, configuración, ATP, migración. Además, se ejecutarán en cuatro sedes del cliente Operador Perú 1: La victoria, San Juan de Miraflores, Callao, Villa el salvador. Por otro lado, el presupuesto planificado para el proyecto es de 1.2 millones de dólares y tiempo estimado de 16 meses. Finalmente, se concluye a partir de la intersección del conjunto de buenas prácticas referidas del PMBOK® 5ta edición y los procesos característicos que requiere el proyecto en la especialidad de ingeniería de red móvil core, que a lo largo del trabajo de investigación se ha desarrollado. / This research work contemplates the development of the initiation and planning process groups for the project “Change of Core Voice in Operator Peru 1” taking as reference the PMBOK® 5th edition guide. In addition, it supports the business case that justifies the project, as well as the alignment with the organizational objectives of the telecommunications company InnovaTech S.A.C, project executing company. The project belongs to the mobile core network engineering specialty and deals with the change of voice core of the customer Operator Peru 1. The project is divided into the following stages: project management, survey, installation, integration, configuration, ATP, migration. In addition, they will be executed at four locations of the Operator Peru 1 client: La Victoria, San Juan de Miraflores, Callao, Villa el Salvador. On the other hand, the planned budget for the project is 1.2 million dollars and an estimated time of 16 months. Finally, it is concluded from the intersection of the set of good practices referred to in the PMBOK® 5th edition and the characteristic processes required by the nature of the project in the core mobile network engineering specialty, which throughout the research work has been developed. / Trabajo de investigación