Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4809.pdf: 1977399 bytes, checksum: 2da34c0f770d1a13eee03a5663bb0ca2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-09 / In recent years the possibility of incorporating the process of Learning Organizational (LO) during the life cycle of projects has been drawing the attention of scholars. However, there are few studies that analyze the subject in a practical and deeper way. The traditional studies try to consider and discuss the learning after the project more accurately due to its wide use in the business world. Nevertheless, the learning process may also occur during the projects when stimulated by mechanisms that systematize the externalization of knowledge and by means that encourage the sharing and the transference of them between projects team. Structured by means of a research action, this dissertation collaborate with the expansion of the knowledge about the subject investigating and improving actions that promote the practice of learning organizational during the development of projects in a medium-sized Consulting Engineering company from the civil construction sector located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The actions are guided aiming to promote the transference of explicit knowledge (technical documents and reports), the reuse of the learning from their own experiences and past history (tacit knowledge) and the systematic problem solving. The implemented actions were incorporated in the procedures of the Quality Management System of the Company and, from trainings, observations and informal and formal evaluations (internal and external audits) it was possible to point opportunities of improvements to reinforce the process of organizational learning during the development of projects. The research revealed that the transference of knowledge generated in documents, reports and technical studies to other projects is not effective in organizational level, being a lot more employed among the project coordinators with more length of service that know a larger number of projects performed or ongoing. In the other hand, despite the tacit experiences developed by the people (own experiences), the learning occurs when the coordinator of a project compulsorily identifies and registers in a Project Execution Plan (PEP) the similar developed or developing contracts in the company, interrelating them with the people involved in these contracts. Following the process, the plan is disclosed to the team members of this coordinator, which consult those people. The generation of knowledge provided by the dynamic of systematic problem solving appears as incipient because, in the consulting engineering, a lot of factors hinder the capture of this knowledge in the form of register for later reuse. Among these factors it is possible to mention: difficulty in determining the categories of problems that comprehend all the projects, imposition of the clients not to generate registers, hesitancy of the project coordinators to externalize the problems of the projects and, as a result, their reputations. / Nos últimos anos a possibilidade de incorporação do processo de Aprendizagem Organizacional (AO) durante o ciclo de vida de projetos (project) tem chamado a atenção de estudiosos. No entanto, têm-se poucos estudos que analisam o tema de maneira prática e mais profunda. Os estudos tradicionais tendem a considerar e discutir o aprendizado após o projeto com mais propriedade devido ao seu amplo emprego no mundo empresarial. Entretanto, o processo de aprendizagem pode ocorrer também durante os projetos quando estimulados por mecanismos que sistematizem a externalização de conhecimentos e por meios que favoreçam o compartilhamento e a transferência destes entre equipes de projetos. Estruturada por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, esta dissertação colabora com a expansão do conhecimento sobre o tema investigando e aprimorando ações que promovam a prática da aprendizagem organizacional durante o desenvolvimento de projetos em uma empresa de Engenharia Consultiva do setor da construção civil, de médio porte e localizada na região metropolitana de São Paulo. As ações são pautadas no intuito de promover a transferência de conhecimentos explícitos (documentos e relatórios técnicos), o reaproveitamento das próprias experiências vivenciadas (conhecimento tácito) e a resolução sistemática de problemas. As ações implementadas foram incorporadas em procedimentos do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade da Empresa e, a partir de treinamentos, observações e avaliações informais e formais (auditorias internas e externas) foi possível apontar oportunidades de melhorias para reforçar o processo de aprendizagem organizacional durante o desenvolvimento dos projetos. A pesquisa revelou que a transferência de conhecimento gerado em documentos, relatórios e estudos técnicos para outros projetos não é efetiva em nível organizacional, sendo mais bem praticada entre os coordenadores de projetos com mais tempo de casa e que conhecem maior número de projetos realizados ou em andamento. Por outro lado, a despeito das experiências tácitas desenvolvidas pelas pessoas (próprias experiências), o aprendizado ocorre quando o coordenador de um projeto obrigatoriamente identifica e registra em um Plano de Execução do Projeto (PEP) os contratos similares desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento na empresa, inter-relacionando-os com as pessoas envolvidas nestes contratos. Na sequência, o plano é divulgado para os membros da equipe deste coordenador, os quais consultam aquelas pessoas. A geração de conhecimentos proporcionada pela dinâmica de resolução sistemática de problemas apresenta-se como incipiente, pois, na engenharia consultiva, são muitos os fatores que dificultam a captura destes conhecimentos em forma de registros para posterior reuso. Entre esses fatores pode-se citar: dificuldade em delinear as categorias de problemas que abranjam todos os projetos, imposição dos clientes para a não geração de registros, receio dos coordenadores de projetos em externalizar os problemas dos projetos e, por consequência, suas reputações.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5149553 bytes, checksum: ca9e4618f4e73e9bc80bbd0655e979a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / For a long time the public sector seemed to be alienated to the concerns of the market in search for efficiency and quality in the design and building product. So much so that a great share of the research on project management in the construction sector is concentrated on the private sector. On the other hand, Federal Government initiative, concerns about the built environment performance, and the influence of public opinion highlights the need for adapting management and administrative standards to the competitive and demanding scenarios. The launch of REUNI (2007) greatly increased the volume of works at UFV, by proposing the implementation of new constructions in Federal Institutions of College Education - IFES - throughout the national territory. It showed existing management problems, which confirms the need to give attention to this issue, in particular within the IFES. In this sense, this research examined the design process management of architecture, engineering and construction - AEC - at UFV from the acceptance of a proposal to the opening phase of the bidding process. The goal was to propose guidelines that lead this process according to the organizational culture and existing institutional strategies. The resources used were bibliographical research, non-structured interviews with those involved in the development of projects in the AEC institution, document analysis, process mapping analysis, and also field research. The methodology used in the data gathering and processing has a qualitative approach, analyzing implicit aspects in the project development and in the interaction among ones involved. From the assessment of the data it was possible to perform an interpretation of the current organizational structure and a mapping of the Institution s AEC design process. The structure studied is in a transition period, and has sought to better organize functions and responsibilities, control and standardization of documents, and also the knowledge related to project management. However, one must implement the operationalization of the transition structure, which should be performed by an agency responsible for managing the entire lifecycle of the project. Therefore, the creation of a unit responsible for hiring and developing architecture, engineering and construction projects in the institution is proposed. This unit needs to be aided by a sector that should capture, transfer, and store information, associated with the adoption of a computerized system. In addition, flowcharts of the development steps of the design process were made, and templates to be produced in each project delivery were identified and provided. It is concluded that the implementation of these guidelines should occur by means of a plan that involves changes in the organizational culture, in the programming stages of implementation, and in the training and qualification of those involved in the process. It is expected that the institution, especially if it is a public one, is receptive to the proposed changes and the implementation must be done gradually. Otherwise, flowcharts and templates offered will not be part of a coordinated process, but only documents to no avail. / Por muito tempo, o setor público pareceu alheio às apreensões do mercado na busca por eficiência e qualidade no projeto e no produto edificação. Uma evidência é que grande parte das pesquisas desenvolvidas em gerenciamento de projetos na área de construção civil é voltada para o setor privado. Por outro lado, iniciativas do Governo Federal, preocupações com o desempenho do ambiente construído e a influência da opinião pública evidenciam a necessidade de adequar os padrões gerenciaisadministrativos ao cenário competitivo e exigente. O lançamento do REUNI (2007), que propôs a implementação de novas construções nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), em todo o território nacional, aumentou consideravelmente o volume de obras na UFV. O que evidenciou problemas gerenciais já existentes, confirmando a necessidade de se dar atenção a esse tema, em especial, dentro das IFES. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa analisou a gestão do processo de projeto de arquitetura, engenharia e construção (AEC) na UFV, desde a acolhida de uma proposta, até a fase de abertura do processo licitatório. O objetivo foi propor diretrizes que norteiem esse processo, de acordo com a cultura organizacional e estratégias institucionais existentes. Os meios utilizados foram consulta bibliográfica, entrevistas não estruturadas com os envolvidos no desenvolvimento de projetos de AEC na instituição, análise de documentos, mapeamento dos processos e pesquisa de campo. A metodologia empregada na coleta e tratamento dos dados possui abordagem qualitativa, analisando aspectos implícitos no desenvolvimento do projeto e na interação entre os seus envolvidos. A partir da apreciação dos dados foi possível realizar uma leitura da estrutura organizacional vigente e um mapeamento do processo de projeto de AEC na Instituição. A estrutura estudada encontra-se em um momento de transição, e tem procurado uma melhor organização de funções e responsabilidades, controle e padronização dos documentos, além da busca de conhecimentos relacionados ao gerenciamento de projetos. Entretanto, é preciso realizar a operacionalização da estrutura ainda em transformação, que deve ser realizada por um órgão responsável por gerenciar todo o ciclo de vida do projeto. Propõe-se, portanto, a criação de uma unidade responsável por desenvolver e contratar projetos de arquitetura, engenharia e construção na Instituição. Essa precisa estar auxiliada por um setor que deve captar, transferir e armazenar informações, aliado à adoção de um sistema informatizado. Além disso, foram realizados fluxogramas das etapas de desenvolvimento do processo de projeto, sendo identificados e fornecidos os templates que devem ser produzidos a cada entrega do projeto. Conclui-se que a implantação dessas diretrizes deve ocorrer por meio de um planejamento que envolva mudanças na cultura organizacional, programação das etapas de implantação, além de treinamentos e capacitação dos envolvidos no processo. Espera-se que a Instituição seja receptiva às mudanças propostas e a implementação deve ser realizada de forma gradativa. Especialmente em Instituições públicas, faz-se necessário realizar um trabalho de preparação para essa implantação, sem o qual, os fluxogramas e templates propostos não farão parte de um processo coordenado, sendo apenas documentos sem proveito.

This treatise investigates the role of Community DevelopmentWorkers, with reference to the Bitou Municipality. The treatise comprises five chapters. The concept of Community Development Programme is fairly new in South Africa; therefore, further research is needed on the subject. A literature review was done to establish the concept and the background of the CDWP. A questionnaire was developed in order to obtain primary data from a selected sample group. The data obtained from the questionnaire was statistically analysed and interpreted. The core findings from the analysed questionnaire indicated the following: (a) CDWs clearly understand their role and responsibility, but there is a need for roles and functions to be clearly defined, with detailed terms of reference, to ensure a common understanding with other stakeholders, e.g. Ward Committees, Councillors, Non-governmental organisations, Communitybased organisations, and members of the community. (b) living conditions in the wards improved following the introduction of the CDWP. (c) there is a good relationship between CDWs, Ward Committees and Ward Councillors, but there is also a perception that Ward Committees and Community Development Workers constantly clash or compete in the wards in which they serve. (d) CDWs should not be affiliated to the ruling or any political party. (e) CDWs are confused regarding who is responsible for their remuneration (the Municipality or the Provincial Department of Local Government).

Esta investigación tiene como fin aplicar un modelo Agile de gestión de proyectos con la utilización del marco de trabajo Scrum en un proyecto de conjunto residencial en el distrito del Cercado de Lima, Lima, Perú. Para esto, el estudio empleó un cuestionario completado por profesionales del sector construcción, con el fin de determinar las actividades que generan mayores sobrecostos, retrabajos y plazos dentro de las etapas de proyectos. A su vez, se realizó la propuesta de aplicación SCRUM dentro del sector construcción para finalmente desarrollar la implementación de este modelo en la capital peruana y determinar los resultados obtenidos frente al modelo tradicional Lean Construction y, a partir de este resultado, proponer una guía de aplicación del marco de trabajo SCRUM en futuros proyectos de construcción. / This research aims to apply an Agile project management model with the use of the Scrum framework in a residential complex project in the Cercado de Lima district, Lima, Peru. For this, the study used a questionnaire completed by professionals in the construction sector, in order to determine the activities that generate the highest cost overruns, rework and deadlines within the project stages. In turn, the SCRUM application proposal was made within the construction sector to finally develop the implementation of this model in the Peruvian capital and determine the results obtained compared to the traditional Lean Construction model and from this result propose an application guide on the SCRUM framework for future construction projects. / Tesis

El presente trabajo propone la mejora de los procesos de Gestión de Proyectos e Implementación de Software de una pequeña empresa consultora peruana a través de la implementación de un estándar de calidad. Esta empresa es una consultora de analítica de negocios y desarrollo de software cuyos procesos, de este último, no cuentan con un estándar, lo cual ocasiona diferentes problemas en sus diferentes fases. En los últimos años, la consultora como parte de su estrategia de crecimiento del negocio e incorporación de una línea de negocio nueva enfocada al desarrollo de soluciones Cloud afronta problemas en la gestión de proyectos y sobre la calidad de su implementación de software.  Frente a los problemas presentados, se presenta una propuesta de implementación de un estándar de calidad basado en la norma ISO 29110 parte 5 - Perfil básico. La cual, propone mejoras en los procesos de gestión de proyectos e implementación de software basado en buenas prácticas en la industria aplicados a los procesos actuales de la consultora. / This paper proposes the improvement of the Project Management and Software Implementation processes of a small Peruvian consulting company through the implementation of a quality model. This company is a business analytics and software development consultancy whose processes, of the latter, do not have a standard, which causes different problems in its different phases. In recent years, the consulting firm, as part of its business growth strategy and incorporation of a new business line focused on the development of Cloud solutions, has faced problems in project management and the quality of its software implementation. Faced with the problems presented, a proposal for the implementation of a quality model based on the ISO 29110 part 5 - Basic profile is presented. Which, proposes improvements in project management processes and implementation of software based on good practices in the industry applied to the current processes of the consultancy. / Tesis

En la actualidad, muchas empresas que ejecutan proyectos eléctricos carecen del conocimiento teórico sobre el cómo desarrollarlos correctamente debido a que se basan en el conocimiento empírico. Por tanto, presentamos una nueva forma de dar soluciones prácticas y económicas a las organizaciones; la propuesta a presentar es la ejecución de 2 enfoques como lo son la filosofía lean y gestión de proyectos. A través de la recopilación de los casos de estudio, la literatura cita una demostración sobre la importancia de realizar una apropiada planificación en base a los pilares del costo y tiempo que deberían identificarse y mejorarse para garantizar mejores resultados, estos pilares fueron analizados a través de las herramientas de Ishikawa y árbol de problemas. Para ello, se escogieron algunas de las herramientas lean como lo son: 5’S, gestión visual y círculos de calidad, las cuales mediante las directrices de la gestión de proyectos, específicamente los 47 procesos publicados en la 5ª edición del Cuerpo de Conocimientos de Gestión de Proyectos, dictaminaron el modelo desarrollado en la investigación en una empresa piloto donde se contrastaron los resultados del cómo esta combinación de soluciones disminuyen los plazos de entrega en dicha organización / Currently, many companies that execute electrical projects lack the theoretical knowledge on how to develop them correctly because they are based on empirical knowledge. That is why it has developed from the need to implement the lean philosophy and project management as distinctive and well-known pillars that guarantee high competitiveness in the market of the sector under study. Through the compilation of case studies, the literature cites a demonstration on the importance of making appropriate planning based on the cost and time pillars that should be identified and improved to guarantee better results. These pillars were analyzed using the Ishikawa tools and problem tree. For this, some of the lean tools were chosen such as: 5'S, visual management and quality circles, which through the project management guidelines, specifically the 47 processes published in the 5th edition of the Body of Knowledge of Management of Projects, ruled the model developed in the research in a pilot company where the results of how this combination of solutions decrease delivery times in said organization were contrasted. / Tesis

El presente proyecto de tesis tiene como enfoque brindar a una empresa dedicada a la digitalización documental la propuesta de automatizar las actividades del proceso de línea de producción de microformas por medio de un sistema web la cual será montada en una plataforma Cloud de tipo PaaS con la finalidad de controlar eficientemente el proceso y detectar con prontitud los problemas para tomar acciones correctivas con el objetivo de ser más eficientes y rentables. En el capítulo 1, se describe la definición del proyecto donde se da a conocer la organización objeto en estudio, el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos del proyecto y los indicadores de éxito del proyecto. En el capítulo 2, se describe los student outcomes y como se aplican en el desarrollo del proyecto. En el capitulo3, se describe los conceptos teóricos que serán utilizados en el desarrollo del proyecto. En el capítulo 4, se describe el desarrollo del proyecto el cual incluye el marco de trabajo Zachman, utilizado para el análisis del negocio e ingeniería de procesos, la propuesta de solución, el análisis de requerimientos, el modelado del sistema y el diseño de la arquitectura de software trabajados con el modelo C4. En el capítulo 5, se describe los resultados obtenidos del proyecto según la propuesta planteada. En el capítulo 6, se describe la gestión del proyecto utilizando la guía de buenas prácticas del PMBOK®. En el capítulo 7, se describe las conclusiones del proyecto planteado en esta tesis. / The focus of this thesis project is to provide to a company which is dedicated to document digitization with the proposal to automate the activities of the microform production line process through a web system which will be mounted on a PaaS-type Cloud platform with the purpose of efficiently controlling the process and promptly detecting problems to take corrective actions to be more efficient and profitable. In chapter 1, the definition of the project is described where the organization under study, the problem statement, the project objectives, and the project's success indicators are made known. In Chapter 2, the student outcomes and how they are applied in the development of the project are described. In chapter 3, the theoretical concepts that will be used in the development of the project are described. In Chapter 4, the development of the project is described which includes the Zachman framework, used for business analysis and process engineering, the solution proposal, requirements analysis, system modeling and the design of the software architecture worked with the C4 model. In chapter 5, the results obtained from the project according to the proposed proposal are described. In Chapter 6, project management using the PMBOK guide is described. In chapter 7, the conclusions of the project proposed in this thesis are described. / Tesis

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo proponer a la compañía ESSAC una herramienta que le permita solucionar aspectos relacionados con la inexacta estimación de horas hombre para el desarrollo de sus proyectos, ineficiencia en el desarrollo de las actividades asignadas e inadecuado seguimiento de los recursos de los proyectos. En la actualidad la compañía incurre, debido a esta problemática, en gastos operativos no contemplados, entregables de los proyectos con calidad deficiente y principalmente en la reducción del margen de utilidad esperada por cada proyecto. Ante tal problemática, la tesis estará enfocada en analizar el negocio y sus principales procesos aplicando el Framework Zachman y la metodología TOGAF, con la finalidad de identificar el proceso núcleo que deberá ser mejorado. Posteriormente a la identificación del proceso, la tesis estará enfocada en elaborar el diseño de la arquitectura de software aplicando conceptos de ingeniería de requerimientos para identificar los requisitos del sistema, casos de uso y drivers arquitectónicos más relevantes. A partir de ello, se definirán los escenarios de calidad, estilos y tácticas que serán consideradas en el diseño de la arquitectura. Finalmente, se utilizará el Modelo C4 para representar mediante diagramas los diferentes niveles de abstracción que tendrá la arquitectura de software y a través de prototipos una visión general del software planteado. La propuesta planteada permitirá a la compañía ESSAC reducir el gasto operativo mensual no presupuestado, alcanzar niveles aceptables de eficiencia de los recursos del proyecto y obtener indicadores de gestión de proyectos que apoyen la toma de decisión. / The objective of this thesis is to propose to the ESSAC company a tool that allows it to solve aspects related to the inaccurate estimation of man-hours for the development of its projects, inefficiency in the development of assigned activities and inadequate monitoring of project resources. Currently, the company incurs, due to this problem, in non-contemplated operating expenses, deliverables of projects with poor quality and mainly in the reduction of the profit margin expected for each project. Faced with such problems, the thesis will focus on analyzing the business and its main processes applying the Zachman Framework and the TOGAF methodology, in order to identify the core process that should be improved. After identifying the process, the thesis will be focused on developing the software architecture design applying requirements engineering concepts to identify the most relevant system requirements, use cases and architectural drivers. From this, the quality scenarios, styles, and tactics that will be considered in the architecture design will be defined. Finally, the C4 Model will be used to represent by means of diagrams the different levels of abstraction that the software architecture will have and through prototypes an overview of the proposed software. The proposed proposal will allow the ESSAC company to reduce the unbudgeted monthly operating expense, reach acceptable levels of efficiency of project resources and obtain project management indicators that support decision-making. / Tesis

El presente proyecto nos ha permitido analizar y validar la viabilidad de la idea de negocio planteada en el curso predecesor de Desarrollo de Negocios 1. Asimismo, se desarrollaron diferentes disciplinas aprendidas a lo largo de toda la carrera, tales como Estadística, Marketing, Finanzas, Evaluación de Proyectos, entre otras. Esto ha permitido que se pueda desarrollar un amplio análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para determinar la viabilidad del proyecto. En el presente curso, se ha planteado una idea innovadora de servir a los usuarios y brindar la facilidad para buscar, ubicar y reservar estacionamientos disponibles en las zonas estratégicas de mayor demanda. Para el desarrollo del proyecto, ha sido necesario trabajar los puntos de aspectos generales del negocio, planeamiento estratégico, investigación de mercado, plan de operaciones, plan de marketing, estructura organizacional, y finalmente plan económico financiero. Además, se consideran factores relevantes como, la demanda según el distrito, los precios y los espacios de estacionamientos. Asimismo, se proyecta los activos, pasivos, patrimonio y otros gastos administrativos, para obtener una correcta planificación según los objetivos establecidos, a fin de cumplir con las expectativas del proyecto, generar ingresos para lograr la rentabilidad y solidez de la compañía. Estos puntos han permitido validar la viabilidad del proyecto y demostrar que en la actualidad los negocios enfocados a la tecnología tienen una alta rentabilidad. / This project has allowed us to analyze and validate the feasibility of the business idea proposed in the predecessor course of Business Development 1. Likewise, different disciplines learned throughout the career were developed, such as Statistics, Marketing, Finance, Project Evaluation, among others. This has allowed the development of a broad qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine the feasibility of the project. In this course, an innovative idea has been proposed to serve users and provide the facility to search, locate and reserve available parking spaces in strategic areas of greatest demand. For the development of the project, it has been necessary to work on the general aspects of the business, strategic planning, market research, operations plan, marketing plan, organizational structure, and finally economic and financial plan. In addition, relevant factors such as demand according to the district, prices and parking spaces are considered. Likewise, assets, liabilities, equity and other administrative expenses are projected to obtain a correct planning according to the established objectives, in order to meet the expectations of the project, generate income to achieve profitability and solidity of the company. These points have allowed validating the viability of the project and demonstrating that currently technology-focused businesses are highly profitable. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente tesis busca desarrollar una guía basada en los conceptos planteados en el PMBOK en su sexta versión para que, con ello, se puedan eliminar los problemas de planificación de proyectos que son repetitivos en las implementaciones de oficinas prime en la ciudad de Lima. La necesidad de atender este problema es que la mayoría de pequeñas y medianas empresas del rubro no aplican conceptos de gestión de proyectos o lo hacen de manera muy puntual y de manera aislada, principalmente debido a que no pueden costear una oficina de gerencia de proyectos o a un profesional debidamente capacitado. Este problema genera que la utilidad de estas empresas se vea mermada por la aparición de sobrecostos, los cuales son resultados de esta inadecuada gestión. Cabe recalcar que la presente tesis se desarrolló teniendo 3 casos de estudio los cuales, si bien pertenecen al rubro de implementación de oficinas, tenían diversas diferencias en cuanto a alcance, plazos, costos, entre otros factores, con lo cual se puede garantizar un mejor análisis de los problemas encontrados y, con ello, poder realizar una propuesta más completa y que sea útil para cualquier proyecto futuro. Finalmente, es importante mencionar que el planteamiento realizado fue validado luego de la revisión de expertos en el tipo de proyectos que se ha evaluado, el cual es implementación de oficinas. / This thesis seeks to develop a guide or guidelines based on the concepts outlined in the PMBOK in its sixth version so that, with this, the problems of planning projects that are repetitive in the implementations of prime offices in the city of Lima can be eliminated. The need to address this problem is that the majority of small and medium-sized companies in the field do not apply project management concepts or do so very punctually and in isolation, mainly because they cannot afford a project management office or a properly trained professional. This problem generates that the utility of these companies is diminished by the appearance of cost overruns, which are the result of this inadequate management. It should be noted that this thesis was developed with 3 case studies which, although they belong to the office implementation area, had various differences in terms of scope, deadlines, costs, among other factors, with which a better analysis of the problems encountered and, with this, to be able to make a more complete proposal that is useful for any future project. Finally, it is important to mention that the approach made was validated after an expert review of the type of projects that has been evaluated, which is office implementation. / Tesis