Syftet med studien är att söka kunskap om hur förskollärare arbetar för att tillgodose barns behov av fysisk aktivitet och utevistelse i förskolan. I dagens stillasittande samhälle blir förskolans uppdrag att främja barns rörelseglädje alltmer betydelsefullt. Denna studie kan bidra med inspiration om hur pedagoger skulle kunna arbeta med fysisk aktivitet i förskolan för att ge barnen möjlighet att utveckla rörelseglädje. Det är en kvalitativ studie som utgår från en fenomenografisk teori, metoden som används är intervju. Sju förskollärare intervjuades via semistrukturerade intervjuer som spelades in och sedan transkriberades. Det insamlade materialet har bearbetats och analyserats med hjälp av Hannafords teori om hur fysisk aktivitet och inlärning samverkar, samt aktuell forskning inom området. Det mest framträdande resultatet utifrån intervjuerna är att hur väl tillgodosedda barns behov av fysiskt aktivitet och utevistelse blir under en dag på förskolan skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken förskola barnet går på. Det varierar även mellan olika årstider och från dag till dag, resultatet visar emellertid att det som påverkar mest är pedagogernas inställning och kunskap gällande fysisk aktivitet och utevistelse. Slutligen indikerar resultatet att en bra start för att arbeta mer målinriktat med fysisk aktivitet i förskolan är att införa riktlinjer som reglerar detta.

Author: Bc. Simona Bartošová Title: Effect of sensomotoric insoles on postural stability in children with cerebral palsy Objectives: Objectively assess the effect of sensomotoric insoles on children with cerebral palsy (CP) via COP (Centre of Pressure) parameters recorded on Kistler force plate. Methods: This thesis is designed as an experimental study. Selected paramaters of static postural balance were recorded via force plate to assess the effect of sensomotoric insoles. Five subjects (average age 7.2 years) with diagnosis of cerebral palsy were enrolled into the study. Data collection was carried out in two separated sessions - first before therapy and second after using the insoles for one month. The validity of the data was supported by three repetitions for each modification - upright plain stand with open eyes, upright stand with feet together and upright plain stand with closed eyes. Monitored parameters were: total trajectory of COP, amplitude of mediolateral displacement of COP, amplitude of anteroposterior displacement of COP and mean velocity of movement of COP. The data were analyzed in MATLAB® version R2019b. The statistical analysis was performed including the outliers elimination. The normality of data was checked by Lilliefors' test. In the case of normality a two-sample Student's...

La dystonie cervicale (DC) est un trouble du mouvement caractérisé par des postures et des mouvements anormaux du cou et de la tête. Dans la DC, les instabilités posturales ont été associées à une altération des sensations proprioceptives. La présente étude explore l'interaction entre les exigences proprioceptives et attentionnelles du contrôle postural dynamique dans la DC. Des participants sains et atteints de la DC ont effectué une tâche de limite de la stabilité posturale avec et sans vision, ainsi qu'une tâche secondaire cognitive de soustraction. Ces deux tâches ont été effectuées seules (tâche unique) ou simultanément (tâche double). La force de réaction au sol a été recueillie à l'aide d'une plateforme de force AMTI. Les limites fonctionnelles de la stabilité ont été quantifiées comme étant l'excursion maximale du centre de pression (COP) pendant l'inclinaison volontaire du corps dans quatre directions différentes. Les limites de la stabilité des patients DC étaient, en moyenne, plus petites que celles des témoins sains dans toutes les conditions. Cependant, leurs limites antéropostérieures étaient significativement réduites par rapport aux témoins dans la condition de tâche unique sans vision. De plus, les coûts attentionnels de la posture des patients étaient significativement plus élevés que ceux des sujets témoins dans la condition visuelle. Nos résultats soutiennent la théorie selon laquelle l'intégration sensorimotrice et les déficiences proprioceptives affectent le contrôle postural dynamique dans la DC. En outre, nos résultats suggèrent que les patients utilisent diverses stratégies pour s’adapter aux défis posturaux complexes imposés par la vie quotidienne. / Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder characterized by abnormal postures and movements of the neck and head. Postural instabilities in CD have been associated with impaired proprioceptive processing. The present study used a dual task paradigm to explore the interaction between the proprioceptive and attentional demands of dynamic postural control in CD. Healthy and CD participants performed a postural stability limit task with and without vision as well as a secondary cognitive subtraction task. These two tasks were performed alone (single task) or simultaneously (dual-task). Ground reaction force was collected using an AMTI force platform and center of pressure (COP) displacements were analysed. The functional limits of stability were quantified as the maximum COP excursion during voluntary leaning in four different directions. CD patients achieved, on average, smaller mean postural stability limits compared to healthy controls in all sensory-attentional conditions. However, their anteroposterior stability limits were significantly smaller compared to controls when vision was removed, particularly in the single task condition. Additionally, patients with CD decreased their stability limits relative to healthy controls when concurrently performing the attentional task under the visual condition. Thus, the attentional postural cost of CD patients was greater than the controls. Our results support the theory that sensorimotor integration and proprioceptive impairments affect dynamic postural control in CD. Furthermore, our findings suggest that CD patients use various adaptive strategies to cope with the sensory-attentional challenges imposed by complex postural situations in daily life.

Playing a musical instrument is a very beautiful, but very physically demanding craft. Many musicians suffer from musculoskeletal pain caused, among other things, by a rigid, unchanging posture and a focus on performance at the expense of comfort. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the influence of music production on the musculoskeletal system of the musician and the possibilities of therapy aimed at improving sensorimotor skills and kinesthesia. The practical part followed the influence of therapy inspired by the Feldenkrais method and Alexander's technique on the movement of the musician during and outside the performance. The research was conducted on 19 professional string musicians. Testing of probands consisted of measurements with inertial sensors, objective measurements of sensorimotor skills and kinesthesia and a questionnaire survey. The parameter measured by the inertial sensors was a jerk (indicates the smoothness of the movement). The results of the measurements show that, even after a single therapy, the smoothness of the chest movement improved statistically significantly.

This study examined how reduced control-display ratios on motion-tracked handheld controllers in virtual reality affected user immersion and sense of control. 24 participants played a puzzle game in virtual reality using one of three control-display ratios: one normal, and two that were reduced using the “Go-Go” technique. Results indicate that the control-display ratio can be reduced drastically while retaining user immersion and sense of control, but that the effectiveness of this seems to differ between individuals and is heavily influenced by previous experiences. Even so, these results could be of use for future virtual reality interaction designers as well as researchers studying the senses of vision and proprioception. / Den här studien undersökte hur sänkta control-display-förhållanden på handhållna kontroller i virtual reality påverkade användares inlevelse och upplevda kontroll. 24 deltagare spelade ett pusselspel i virtual reality med en av tre control-display-förhållanden: en normal, och två som var sänkta med "Go-Go"-metoden. Resultaten indikerar att control-display-förhållandet kan sänkas markant utan att förlora användarens inlevelse eller upplevda kontroll, men till vilken grad detta sker tycks variera mellan individer och även påverkas av tidigare erfarenheter. Trots detta kan dessa resultat vara till nytta för framtida interaktionsdesigners i virtual reality samt för forskare som studerar sinnena syn och proprioception.

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<p>When an observer detects changes in a scene from a viewpoint that is different from the learned viewpoint, viewpoint change caused by observer’s locomotion would lead to better recognition performance compared to a situation where the viewpoint change is caused by equivalent movement of the scene. While such benefit of observer locomotion could be caused by spatial updating through body-based information (Simons and Wang 1998), or knowledge of change of reference direction gained through locomotion (Mou et al, 2009). The effect of such reference direction information have been demonstrated through the effect of a visual cue (e.g., a chopstick) presented during the testing phase indicating the original learning viewpoint (Mou et al, 2009).</p> <p>In the current study, we re-examined the mechanisms of such benefit of observer locomotion. Six experiments were performed using a similar change detection paradigm. Experiment 1 & 2 adopted the design as that in Mou et al. (2009). The results were inconsistent with the results from Mou et al (2009) in that even with the visual indicator, the performance (accuracy and response time) in the table rotation condition was still significantly worse than that in the observer locomotion condition. In Experiments 3-5, we compared performance in the normal walking condition with conditions where the body-based information may not be reliable (disorientation or walking over a long path). The results again showed a lack of benefit with the visual indicator. Experiment 6 introduced a more salient and intrinsic reference direction: coherent object orientations. Unlike the previous experiments, performance in the scene rotation condition was similar to that in the observer locomotion condition.</p> <p>Overall we showed that the body-based information in observer locomotion may be the most prominent information. The knowledge of the reference direction could be useful but might only be effective in limited scenarios such as a scene with a dominant orientation.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Fascial tissues form a continuous whole-body three-dimensional network penetrating all parts of the human body. They include all fibrous connective tissue that significantly contributes both to themaintaining of the integrity of the organism and the functioning of body systems and the somesthetic perception.That is because of the facia is richly populated by proprioceptiveand mechanosensitive nociceptive nerve endings. Although the stretching is a routine method used in sports and rehabilitation, its exact mechanism of influence and effects on the body are not fully understood so far. Stretching exercises affect the mechanical state of the myofascial tissues and also the quality of the nociception and proprioception by alteration of their preload. There is evidence about some differences of the mechanical properties of the tissuesboth between thesexes and hypermobile individuals. The theses assesses the effect of static stretching m. QF on the somesthetic perception by measuring pressure pain threshold (PPT) using pressure algometry and the quality of propcioception bygoniometric measurement considering the interindividual variance in quality of the connective tissues. Our research includes testing of 29 healthy subjects (14 women and 15 men) and it has proved significant impact of the intervention on the...