Dans la deuxième moitié du XVe siècle, les Croniques et conquestes de Charlemaine de David Aubert, l’Histoire de Charlemagne de Jean Bagnyon et l’anonyme Cronique associee ont cherché à rassembler et compiler les récits associés à Charlemagne. Composées dans des milieux différents à un moment où tant la réécriture en prose que le personnage de l’empereur étaient en vogue, ces compilations ont recyclé des chansons de geste et des chroniques des siècles précédents pour (re)constituer une histoire cohérente du personnage. Leur résultat est tantôt une biographie princière, tantôt un fragment cyclique qui s’arrête à la mort de l’empereur. La prose donne une forme nouvelle à ces récits inédits par leur organisation et leur extension, mais banals par leur matériau, recyclé de compilation en compilation. Par l’étude du contexte historique, et surtout la comparaison des versions proposées, dans leur récit, leurs articulations et leur présentation, nous souhaitons montrer comment la compilation est le reflet d’une lecture critique et organisée propre aux nouvelles habitudes de la fin du Moyen Âge. Le remaniement oriente sa propre lecture en fonction d’un public familier de la tradition littéraire : les morceaux de bravoure sont réécrits, comme l’épisode de Roncevaux, d’autres sont triés et oubliés en fonction du projet propre à chacune des œuvres. La compilation oscille entre la reconnaissance des textes et la déprise introduite par le nouvel ensemble. Au cœur de notre questionnement se trouve la double dynamique de fixation et de malléabilité de la mémoire, érigée au Moyen Âge comme modalité de l’activité littéraire. Nous proposons en annexe la transcription de la Cronique associee (ms Paris, Arsenal 3324) pour rendre ce texte plus facilement accessible. / In the second half of the fifteenth century, David Aubert’s Croniques et conquestes de Charlemaine, Jean Bagnyon’s Histoire de Charlemagne and the anonymous Cronique associee tried to collect and compile the stories linked to Charlemagne. Composed in various circles, when both rewriting in prose and Charlemagne himself were popular, these compilations recycled epic songs and chronicles written in the previous centuries to piece together a coherent story of this character. What results is either a princely biography or a cyclic fragment that is interrupted when the emperor dies. The prose form revives these stories whose structure and scope were novel but whose material had become trite after being compiled again and again. By studying the historical context, and especially by comparing the composition, narrative structure and presentation of different versions, I wish to show how the compilation reflects a critical and organized reading which epitomizes the new practices of the late Middle Ages. The rewriting process bears its own guidelines, depending on a reading public who is familiar with literary tradition: the purple patches, such as the Roncesvalles episode, are rewritten, while other passages are sorted away or forgotten, in keeping with the objective of each specific work. Through compilation, texts are either recognized or abandoned, blended within the new unit. At the heart of my investigation is the twofold dynamic of the fixation and malleability of memory, fashioned in the Middle Ages as a modality of literary activity. A transcript of the Cronique associee (ms Arsenal 3324) is appended to the dissertation in order to make this text more readily accessible.

Cette étude a pour champ l'inventaire des traductions d'œuvres de la littérature française vers le grec, et l'étude de leur présence dans les lettres grecques du début du XXe siècle à l'aube du XXIe siècle.Le constat, en premier lieu, que les traductions jouent un rôle primordial pour la réception en Grèce de la littérature en question et, en deuxième lieu, que leur inventaire sur la période considérée n'était pour l'instant que fragmentaire, nous a conduit à définir comme but de notre recherche le recensement exhaustif des œuvres françaises traduites et publiées en Grèce entre 1900 et 2010 et qui figurent dans les catégories de la prose, la poésie, le théâtre.Le traitement quantitatif et qualitatif de paramètres comme l'année d'édition, l'auteur traduit, l'œuvre traduite, le/la traducteur/-rice, la maison d'édition, ainsi que leur analyse conclusive qui sert de tentative d'interprétation, nous ont permis de dresser un panorama global de l'image de la littérature française traduite dans la langue grecque. / This study covers the Greek translations of French literature and their presence in the Greek literary world during the entire twentieth century and at the dawn of the twenty-first. The finding that translations play a crucial role in the absorption of this literature in Greece, and that, to date, their recording within the examined period is fragmented, set a research goal for the fullest possible, accurate and documented recording of any Greek translations of works of French literature (prose - plays - poetry), published in our country in the period from 1900 to 2010.The quantitative and qualitative processing of certain parameters, such as the year of publication of a translation, the translated author, the translator, the translated work and the publisher, as well as the relevant conclusions, intend to contribute to the presentation and overview of the overall image of this translation sector.

PhD (IsiSwati) / MER Mathivha Centre for African Languages, Arts and Culture / Lolu lucwaningo lolujulile lwetinganekwane teSiswati letihleleke ngendlela lelandzelako: tinganeko, ematekelo, tinsumo naletinye. Sakhiwo nalokucuketfwe tinganekwane kubukwe ngekuchumana nebalingisi, umnyakato netetsameli. Tinhlobo tetinganekwane tikhonjiswe, tichazwe, ticondzaniswe, tahlelwa tabuye tahumusheka. Tinganekwane tinemibono, imicabango, tehlakalo, imigomo, tinhlelomcondvo netinkholelo letikhulisa sisekelolwati nekwateka kwemasiko. Tinganekwane tetfulwe ngelulwimi lwebuphrozi tabuye tatibandzakanya ekusebentiseni imigomo yetemibhalo yesimanje lefana nesakhiwo, sakhiwana sibekandzaba, balingisi netingcikitsi. Kuchazwa kwemoya, sikhatsi, imifanekisomcondvo, kuphukuta nesiphetfo kukhombisa tinchazelo nemilayeto. Tinhlelolwati yetemibhalo, yemisebenti neyeluhlolo tikhetselwe tindlela nekusetjentiswa kulolucwaningo. / NRF

A reflexive analysis of five peer reviewed published papers reveals how socio-cultural and political discourses and individual agency compete to shape the identity of the learner-writer. It is posited that although hegemonic political discourses construct ‘schooling literacy’ (Meek 1988 ) which frame the socio-cultural contexts in which texts, authors, teachers and leaners develop; the socio-cultural standpoint of the individual makes possible conscious construction of counter discourses. Writer identity is integral to the compositional process. However, writer identity is mediated by, on the one hand, dominant discourses of literacy that inform current pedagogies of writing (Paper One) and on the other by socio-cultural narratives that shape identity (Paper Three). A synthesis of Gramsci’s notion of cultural hegemony and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory is used to explain the constraining function of dominant discourses in literacy education. These works largely fall within a qualitative paradigm, although a mixed-method approach was adopted for the data collection of Papers Four and Five. The methods these papers had in common were the use of survey and documentary analysis of reflective journals. A semi-structured interview with a focus group was the third method used to collect data for Paper Five. Individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect partial life-histories for Paper Two and textual analysis of pupils’ narrative writing was the main method used for Paper One. Paper Three involved a rhizotextual auto-ethnographic analysis of original poetry. Findings suggest pedagogies which minimise or negate the identity of the writer are counter-productive in facilitating writer efficacy. It is suggested, the teaching of writing should be premised on approaches that encourage the writer to draw upon personal, inherited and secondary narratives. In this conceptualisation of writing, the writer is simultaneously composing and exploring aspects of self. However, the self is not a fixed entity and writing is viewed as a process by which identity emerges through reflexive engagement with the compositional process. The corollary is that pedagogy of writing needs to embrace the identity of the writer, whilst also allowing space for the writer’s ‘becoming’.

No description available.

The prose essay, a once dominant genre in pre-modern Chinese literature, is now a marginalized category as compared with fiction in modern Taiwanese literature. This speculation, however, does not apply to the reversed status of these two genres in the middle school literature education. The prose writing, especially the artistic essay, still occupies the largest portion of modern literature education. While universities are commonly seen as a site where literary canons are produced, revised and distributed, and where literary history is debated and constructed, these canons and literary history may be not as influential as one might think. Concurrently, a very different curriculum–which also means a different way of assessing value–is being taught in secondary schools, a place where social relations and structures are reproduced. This thesis aims to study this disjunction between the literature research and literature education. By examining the crucial moments when the literary genres and selections significantly changed, this study aims to reveal the often-overlooked ideologies hidden behind the adoption of a specific form in contemporary Taiwan’s literary textbooks. By examining the historical contexts, national policies, public consensus and the particular trajectories of the involved intellectuals, this study aims to explore the possible but less perceptible beliefs behind the adoption of a specific literary form, which is often veiled by common presumptions. / text

The thesis shows how the novel The Apothecary's Tales manipulates narrative frames to create a 'simulachron', an unreliable virtual world, which problematises the reader's conceptions of the past. The novel transgresses the generic rules of 'historical fiction' to create a quality of 'historicity' located in the affect of alterity. This is argued to be a somatic response to peril deferred. The novel seeks to evoke alterity by defamiliarising linguistic norms. It does this principally through the use of 'diachronic polysemia' (lexical 'false friends') and intertexts to syncopate the reader continually between the disparate sensibilities of the 1ih and 21 st centuries. These sensibilities are simulated in the novel by the imbedment of sociolects and 'hypomemes', the tacit thoughtways supposed peculiar to a given milieu. To self-authenticate its fictions, the novel employs the 'parafictive' devices of a testamentary found artifact, an unreliable narrator and editor, plausible sociologuemes (social conventions) and ideologuemes (ideologies that inform behaviour), along with a density of period minutiae putatively grounded in the record. Any truth effects achieved are then ludically subverted by a process of critique in which structural units of the novel systematically parody the other. The novel is patterned in the structure of a nested diptych, of expositions contra posed in a mutual commentary, which extends from the defining templates of plot and episode to the micro levels of morphemes in polysemic wordplay. The tropes of nested framing and repetition of form and syntagm are defined in the thesis, respectively, as encubi/atio and 'emblematic resonance'. It is argued that these tropes, encoded in a fictive discourse that defies closure, provide a simulation of hermetic form that -when mapped upon the aleatory life world -can be productive of aesthetic affect. The agonistic elements of plot and incident in the novel are figured within the tapas of theatre, foregrounded by the duplicitous self-fashioning of the characters, and by the continual metaleptic shifts or 'frame syncopation' of narrative viewpoint, both intra and extra-diegetic. Frame syncopation is used advisedly to dilemmatise significations at both the structural and syntagmatic levels. The thesis contends that such contrived collisions of narrative interpretation may be the dynamic of affectivity in all aesthetic discourse.

The List is a collection of short stories focusing on the inability to adapt, or learn from self-destructive patterns, and the bizarre ways people reach out for one another when they don't know what else to do.

La littérature moderniste est musicale par essence. Elle souhaite éveiller des sensations chez le lecteur : le recours à la musique, art suggestif par antonomase, crée l’allusion. Comment sertir la musique dans la littérature ? Stéphane Mallarmé propose de « précéder les effets de la musique en redéfinissant celle-ci ‘d’où elle point’ » . Si l’art musical est naturellement porté par le poème, qu’en est-il de la prose ? En Espagne, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán offre un exemple probant de prose musicale dans ses Sonatas. Est-ce là tout ? Le projet mallarméen n’a-t-il pas rencontré d’écho parmi d’autres prosateurs espagnols ? Certes, l’intention y est ; les histoires de la littérature le confirment mais ne s’y attardent pas. Notre travail est donc double : il s’agit d’abord de retrouver des œuvres en prose modernistes espagnoles puis de les analyser par le prisme musical pour voir comment est saisi ce projet de fusion des arts. L'étude révèle que la musique de la prose, parfois imperceptible, raffine les sensations et sensibilise le lecteur à l’élégance, au rythme ou au phrasé d’un syntagme. En somme, la musique intérieure devient une propédeutique à l’ineffable. En creux de ce projet se dessine le rôle du poète dans la société. Celui-ci se présente comme un prêtre des temps modernes. Pourtant, le mythe auquel il tente de souscrire semble désincarné : sensible aux réalités de son époque, en quête d’un public féru de naturalisme, l’écrivain espagnol ne s’engage pas pleinement. Sa prose, hésitante, est souvent mièvre : cela explique qu’elle soit passée inaperçue aux yeux de l’histoire. / Modernist literature is by essence musical. It is meant to arouse the reader’s senses: the use of music, a suggestive art by excellence, creates the allusion. How can one insert music in literature? Stéphane Mallarmé suggests to precede the effects of music by redefining it from its origin. If the art of music is naturally expressed through a poem, how about through prose? In Spain, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán offers a prime example of musical prose in his Sonatas. Is this all that can be expected? Has there been no other echo of Mallarmé’s project in Spanish prose? Certainly the intention to do so exists; histories of literature confirm this intention but nothing more. Our work is going to be twofold: first we need to find Spanish modernist prose works, and then analyze these works through the prism of music in order to understand how the fusion of these arts (music and prose) is realized. The analysis reveals that the music of the prose, sometimes imperceptible, sharpens the senses and makes the reader more sensitive to the elegance, to the rhythm and the phrasing of a syntagm. In other words, the inner music paves the way to the ineffable. The poet’s role in society is described within this project. He presents himself as a modern times priest. Yet the myth to which he tries to subscribe lacks substance: sensitive to the realities of his time, in search of an audience keen on naturalism, the Spanish writer is not fully implicated. His prose is hesitant, often corny: this explains why it has passed unnoticed in history.

Cette thèse étudie les ressorts de l’indétermination générique dans les proses poétiques du symbolisme et du modernisme hispanophone, de 1885 à 1914. L’indéfinition et l’hybridité génériques se manifestent d’abord dans les représentations des formes et des genres, transparaissant dans les discours des écrivains et des critiques. La redéfinition du poétique entraîne la perception d’un continuum entre les formes et entre les genres. La chanson poétique et narrative symboliste et les recueils hétéroclites, associant différentes formes et différents genres illustrent ces phénomènes. Dans ce contexte, le genre du poème en prose tend à se confondre avec un genre limitrophe comme le conte. Cette indéfinition générique s’observe dans les textes, à travers différentes voies de poétisation du récit : la discontinuité, le statisme et la répétition, qui permettent d’explorer d’autres modes de représentation du temps, et de jouer sur l’ambiguïté référentielle. / This thesis seeks to examine the mechanisms of generic indetermination in the poetic prose of francophone symbolists and hispanic modernists from 1885 to 1914. Generic indetermination and hybridity tend to appear at first in representations of forms and genres, and in the discourse of writers and critics. The new definition of the poetic category leads to the perception of a continuum between different forms and genres. The narrative poetic symbolist song and the heterogeneous collections mixing different types are an example of this tendency. In this case, the genre of prose poem tends to merge with contiguous genres such as the tale. The absence of generic definition may be observed in discontinuity, immobility and repetition which allow the exploration of other modes of time representation and the play on referential ambiguity.