Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:26:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:45:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000846800.pdf: 2608189 bytes, checksum: 7a818b391a48a035a70e5b299301eb3f (MD5) / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise da relação entre o romance Cidade de Deus (1997) com a realidade que ele representa, de modo a apreender de que maneira se dá a representação do real, especialmente no que diz respeito à violência, pela narrativa. O romance de Paulo Lins, um dos mais importantes da prosa brasileira do final do século XX, pode ser tomado a partir de uma vertente ficcional que inaugura uma nova forma de pensar o realismo na narrativa contemporânea. Cidade de Deus traz à tona a realidade brasileira aliando técnicas de pesquisa antropológica a uma história narrada em ritmo veloz, que trata do desenvolvimento do tráfico de drogas e da criminalidade no conjunto habitacional que dá título ao livro, firmando o contrato realista com o leitor. Para dar um tratamento formal às cenas violentas, Paulo Lins vale-se da poesia, a começar pelo poema-epígrafe de Paulo Leminski que o autor utiliza na abertura do livro, proporcionando uma representação literária da violência, por mais brutal que ela seja. Essa mediação formal que o escritor utiliza para moldar o objeto retratado proporciona uma leitura do Brasil dos excluídos e sua realização no romance, é possível afirmar, configura-se como um capítulo à parte na produção literária e nos estudos que viriam a surgir sobre a relação entre literatura e pobreza no Brasil. A insistência nas cenas violentas confere unidade à narrativa, causa um efeito de realidade e leva o leitor a pensar de forma abrangente na sua significação, dinamizando a representação da violência como elemento constituinte da sociedade brasileira. Problematizando a noção mesma de representação, o que se busca é discutir o romance à luz de uma perspectiva diacrônica que considera a maneira como o realismo - pensado na esteira do que propõe Tânia Pellegrini, como método e como postura - realiza-se no romance em questão, diferenciando-o - ou não - do... / This Master's thesis aims to analyze the relationship of the novel City of God (1997) with the reality it represents, to grasp how it gives a construction of the representation of reality, especially with respect to violence, through the narrative. The novel by Paulo Lins, one of the most important in Brazilian prose of the late twentieth century, can be taken as a fictional aspect that ushers realism in contemporary narrative. City of God brings out the Brazilian reality combining techniques of anthropological story in a fast pace, which deals with the development of drug trafficking and criminality in public housing that gives the book its title, signing the realistic contract with the reader. To give a formal treatment to the violent scenes, Paulo Lins makes use of poetry, beginning with the title-poem of Paul Leminski that the author uses in the opening of the book, providing a literary depiction of violence, however brutal it may be. This formal mediation that the writer uses to shape the depicted object provides a reading of the excluded Brazil and its realization in the novel, we can say, it appears as a separate chapter in the Brazilian literature and studies that would arise about the relationship between literature and poverty in Brazil. The insistence on violent scenes gives unity to the narrative, causes an effect of reality and leads the reader to think comprehensively in its significance, boosting the representation of violence as a constituent element of Brazilian society. Questioning the very notion of representation, what is sought is to discuss the novel in light of a diachronic perspective that considers how the realism - thought in the wake of proposing Tânia Pellegrini, such as posture and method - takes place in the novel in issue, distinguishing it - or not - than we might think as a realistic trend in Brazilian literature

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-30Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000824313.pdf: 308573 bytes, checksum: 2c6087b43c11207ef4001f7bca0ce72b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Titus Maccius Plautus, ou simplesmente Plauto para os lusófonos, foi um dos mais representativos comediógrafos da antiguidade. Suas peças foram traduzidas para os mais diversos idiomas ao longo do tempo e serviram de inspiração para dramaturgos do calibre de Shakespeare e Moliére, e movimentos artísticos como a Commedia Dell'Arte italiana. Apesar de ter se inspirado em grande parte na Comédia Nova grega, especialmente em Menandro (como é o caso de As Báquides, adaptada da comédia intitulada Δὶς ἐξαπατῶν (Dis Exapaton), cujo nome pode ser traduzido por O que engana duas vezes), e a exemplo de outro comediógrafo latino de grande renome, Publius Terentius Afer, ou Terêncio, as comédias plautinas apresentam numerosas diferenças em relação a suas contrapartidas gregas, inclusive no que tange aos nomes das personagens e localidades retratadas. Uma delas, em especial, e justamente a que se pretende abordar neste trabalho, é a presença constante do canto, com ou sem acompanhamento musical, em grande parte das performances, os chamados cantica, em que o instrumento utilizado geralmente era a tibia, a versão latina do αὐλός grego, e a utilização de diferentes metros para as partes musicadas ou cantadas, em contraste com aquelas simplesmente dialogadas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de tradução em versos dos cantica presentes na peça As Báquides, de Plauto, assim como uma análise acerca da expressividade dos metros utilizados em sua composição, de seu propósito e também dos efeitos pretendidos por Plauto ao utilizá-los / Titus Maccius Plautus, or simply Plautus, was one of the most important playwrights in antiquity. His plays have been translated into several languages over time and have been a source of inspiration for writers such as Shakespeare and Molière, and for artistic movements such as the Italian Commedia Dell'Arte. Although he was greatly influenced by the Greek New Comedy playwrights, especially by Menander (as it occurs in Bacchides, adapted from Menander's Δὶς ἐξαπατῶν (Dis Exapaton), whose title can be roughly translated as Twice a Swindler) just like another renowned Latin playwright, Publius Terentius Afer, or Terentius, plautine comedies show numerous differences when compared to their Greek counterparts. One of them in particular, which is the one this work seeks to study, is the constant presence of song in great part of their performances, played with or without musical accompaniment: the so-called cantica, in which the instrument used was the tibia, the latin version of the Greek αὐλός, as well as the use of various different meters for the sung parts, in contrast with the ones that are merely spoken. This work has as its primary objective to present a translation in verse of the cantica present in the play Bacchides, by Plautus, as well as to provide an analysis of the poetic expressiveness in the meters used in their making, and of the purpose and also of the effects intended by the author with the usage of such meters

M.A. (African Studies) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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The present study explored the interaction of reconstructive and reproductive memory processes in children’s recall for stories. Specifically, kindergartners, second-graders, and fourth-graders were compared on accuracy measures of both recall structure and content as a function of the form of the presented story and the recall instructions provided. Forty-six kindergartners, 45 second-graders, and 48 fourth-graders listened to four two-episode stories. In two of the stories, the episodes were presented separately (standard story form); in the remaining two stories, propositions from the first and second episodes alternated (interleaved story form). Following a distractor task, children were asked to retell the story either, 1) exactly as they heard it, 2) making a “good” story out of it, or 3) without specific instructions. Multiple measures of structural and content recall accuracy were obtained. The general findings contradict those of Mandler and DeForest (1979) in suggesting that older children adopt a non-schematic (reproductive) recall strategy with regard to story structure. Further, the results for the content accuracy measures show that second- and fourth-graders remember fewer presented words verbatim and produce more theme-relevant elaborations, substitutions, and inferences than younger children. Clearly both story structure and content must be considered in evaluating developmental trends in reconstructive and reproductive recall. / M.S.

Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the 1980s the narrative prose of male writers in Afrikaans has been characterised by an intensive questioning of consolidated masculine subjectivity with the (political) father as its primary manifestation. The growing influence of postmodernism and the greater freedom enjoyed by women and gay authors to write about gender issues, facilitated the process of paternal emancipation in Afrikaans narrative. This dissertation is a study of the representation of masculine subjectivity in Afrikaans prose writing from 1980 to 2000 concentrating on the diverse expressions of masculine subjectivity in literary texts with reference to the work of Luce Irigaray (1980 and 1985) on subjectivity, and the theory of R.W. Connell (1995) on the plurality of masculinities. The position of the father in conveying political values to the son within the Oedipal context is examined in a number of texts with specific emphasis on the contrasting processes regulating the hegemonic masculinity of the white father (Alexander Strachan 1984 and Mark Behr 1993) and the marginalised masculinity of the coloured father during apartheid (Benjamin 1997). The work of Alexander Strachan (1994), Piet van Rooyen (1997) and Johann Botha (1997) are examples of texts that display resemblance to the literature of the “School of Virility” identified by Peter Schwenger (1984: 13). Unlike the male protagonists in colonial texts, the masculine subjects in the work of Van Rooyen and Botha can no longer escape the political and historical turmoil of civilisation by finding refuge in “pristine” and unpoliticised hunting fields. Since 1994 the loss of political power, which for so long conditioned the masculine subjectivity of Afrikaner men, has also reached the hunting fields of postcolonial southern Africa. Through the influence postmodernism, a productive tension in literature and theory has developed between the autonomous, consolidated masculine subject, and the decentered masculine subject. Breyten Breytenbach’s representation of the fragmented masculine subject opens up the possibility of a move away from the historical imperatives of the totalising, and often violent, masculine subject. However, Breytenbach (1998) suggests that, in some instances, the fragmented masculine subject may be co-opted by the historically persistent discourse of the autonomous (and violent) masculine subject. Gay writers Koos Prinsloo (1992) and Johann de Lange (1996 and 2000), and to a lesser extent Hennie Aucamp (1981), devote themselves to a sceptical interrogation of identity and subjectivity as categories that are based on heterosexist values. Prinsloo and De Lange employ sexuality as a way to give expression to their antihumanist critique of the subject. The tension between consolidated masculine subjectivity and decentered masculine subjectivity is also present in the autobiography of Joseph Marble (1999). In Marble’s life history the discontinuity between the youthful “I” as protagonist and the adult “I” as narrator contributes to the multiplicity that ultimately characterises Marble as a masculine subject in the text. Finally, this dissertation presents a view of masculine subjectivity in Afrikaans narrative that emphasises diversity. Yet, it is noticeable that nearly all the texts under discussion maintain a certain relationship with hegemonic masculinity. Furthermore, it is only in the work of a small number of writers such as Breytenbach, Prinsloo and De Lange that the interrogation of masculine subjectivity leads to an exploration of modes of being that may transcend the historically persistent discourse of masculine domination. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die jare tagtig van die twintigste eeu word die prosa van manlike skrywers in Afrikaans gekenmerk deur ’n intensiewe bevraagtekening van gekonsolideerde manlike subjektiwiteit soos veral beliggaam deur die (politieke) vader. Hierdie proses van ontvoogding in die Afrikaanse prosa is gefasiliteer deur die groeiende invloed van die postmodernisme en die groter vryheid wat vroueskrywers en gay skrywers geniet het om oor geslagtelike kwessies te skryf. Hierdie proefskrif is ’n studie van die representasie van manlike subjektiwiteit in die prosa van 1980 tot 2000 en bestudeer die uiteenlopende verskyningsvorms van manlike subjektiwiteit in literêre prosatekste met verwysing na onder andere die werk van Luce Irigaray (1980 en 1985) oor subjektiwiteit en die teorie van R.W. Connell (1995) oor manlikheid as ’n meervoudige verskynsel. Die posisie van die vader in die oordrag van politieke waardes na die seun word in enkele tekste ondersoek binne die Oidipale familiedrama met aandag vir die kontrasterende prosesse wat ’n rol speel by die hegemoniese manlikheid van die blanke vader (Alexander Strachan 1984 en Mark Behr 1993) en die gemarginaliseerde manlikheid van die gekleurde vader tydens apartheid (S.P. Benjamin 1997). Strachan (1994) se prosa word verder saam met die werk van Piet van Rooyen (1997) en Johann Botha (1997) bestudeer as voorbeelde van tekste wat toegespits is op viriele manlikheid. By Van Rooyen en Botha kan die manlike subjek nie meer soos in die koloniale prosa die vermoeiende politiek en geskiedenis van die beskawing agterlaat deur hom tot die “ongeskonde” en ongepolitiseerde jagveld te wend nie. Die verlies van politieke mag, wat vir lank die manlike subjektiwiteit van die Afrikanerman bepaal het, is na 1994 ook ’n werklikheid op jagvelde van die postkoloniale Suider-Afrika. ’n Produktiewe spanning in beskouings van manlike subjektiwiteit bestaan sedert die postmodernisme tussen die outonome, gekonsolideerde subjek en die gedesentreerde subjek. Breyten Breytenbach (1998) se representasie van die gefragmenteerde manlike subjek bied op die oog af die potensiaal om manlike subjektiwiteit los te maak van die geweld en dominasie wat die patriargale orde kenmerk. By Breytenbach blyk dit egter dat die gefragmenteerde manlike subjek in sommige gevalle gekaap kan word deur die histories standhoudende diskoers van die outonome (en gewelddadige) manlike subjek. Die gay skrywers Koos Prinsloo (1992) en Johann de Lange (1996 en 2000), en in ’n mindere mate Hennie Aucamp (1981), is in hulle werk betrokke by ’n skeptiese vraagstelling oor identiteit en subjektiwiteit as kategorieë wat gegrond is op heteroseksistiese waardes. Prinsloo en De Lange gryp gay seksualiteit aan as ’n medium om uiting te gee aan hulle antihumanistiese kritiek teen die subjek. Die spanning tussen gekonsolideerde manlike subjektiwiteit en gedesentreerde manlike subjektiwiteit is ook aanwesig in Joseph Marble (1999) se outobiografie. In Marble se lewensverhaal dra die diskontinuïteit tussen die jeugdige “ek” as protagonis en die volwasse “ek” as verteller by tot die uiteindelike meervoudige beeld wat van Marble as manlike subjek na vore tree. Hierdie proefskrif bied uiteindelik ’n beeld van manlike subjektiwiteit in die Afrikaanse prosa wat diversiteit vooropstel, maar dit is nietemin opvallend dat feitlik elke besproke teks ’n sekere verhouding handhaaf met hegemoniese manlikheid. Dit is verder net by enkele skrywers soos Breytenbach, Prinsloo en De Lange dat die bevraagtekening van manlike subjektiwiteit lei tot ’n verkenning van synsvorme wat moontlik die histories deurlopende diskoers van manlike dominasie sou kon oorskry.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-199). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

This thesis examines the influence of Parthenius' doctrine of erotika pathemata on the Neoteric epyllion. His influence on Cinna has been readily acknowledged, but except for a few incidental and tentative references, little has been made of his role in determining important features of Neoteric poetry; in fact, many Leading scholars in the field fail even to mention him. A survey of the evolution of the epyllion in the Hellenistic world shows a radical transformation of the Callimachean type by Euphorion and Parthenius", in the late Alexandrian era. It is clearly the late Alexandrian epyllion that became popular with the Neoterics, as the relevant works of Catullus and, what can be conjectured about the nature of the lost Neatenc epyllia suggest. There is a marked bias towards tragic love-stories, sensational and bizarre, often metamorphic and with ample scope for emotional analysis and a subjective treatment. These features closely parallel the tenor of Parthenius', summary of 36 love-stories in the Erotika Pathemata, his only wholly extant work. While the collection was dedicated to Comelius Gallus well after most of the Neoteric epyllia were written, it is safe to assume that Parthenius preached his doctrine from the time of his arrival at Rome, as his widely acknowledged influence on Cinna's Zmyrna, perhaps the first Latin epyllion, seems to suggest. This thesis cannot pretend to defend Ross' extravagant claim that "without Parthenius' timely arrival there could have been no New Poetry"; but it can attempt to illuminate Parthenius' central role in establishing the nature of the Neoteric epyllion. This study has been undertaken, then, in the belief that Parthenius' influence on the Neoterics and on the creation of a new genre at Rome warrants closer scrutiny than has so far been attempted. Thus, it seeks to provide an alternate basis for the analysis of poems like 63 and 64, and heralds a possible shift from the emphasis on the autobiographical approach, which, though undoubtedly valid, has been belaboured in recent years to the point of excess. Abbreviated title: Erocika Pathemata and the Neoteric Epyllion. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Durban-Westville, 1996.

This thesis examines post-1945 German prose fiction dealing with the Third Reich in the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's Rabelais and his World. My review of the secondary literature in Chapter 1 shows how few Germanists have examined the role of the carnivalesque in such fiction or used Bakhtin's work systematically. Having set out the shortcomings of Bakhtin's theory and shown Carnival's ambivalent position in the Third Reich, Chapter 2 builds on this theoretical and historical foundation by giving an overview of the different ways in which authors deploy the Fool and the carnivalesque in post-1945 prose fiction. This overview provides a context for the rest of the thesis, in which I discuss in detail how four authors use the topoi of the Fool and the carnivalesque in different ways to confront the past and encourage social change. Thus, Chapter 3 analyses Hans Hellmut Kirst's 08/15 trilogy (1954-55) which describes Asch's carnivalesque subversion of the NCOs who abuse power within the Army, and his subsequent development into a positive figure of authority. Chapter 4 argues that, beneath its bleak surface, Günter Grass's Hundejahre (1963) deploys the carnivalesque to transmit a sense of mourning and rebirth after the Holocaust. Chapter 5 deals with Edgar Hilsenrath's Der Nazi and der Friseur (1977), whose Fool-protagonist provokes the reader to laugh at earlier attempts to make sense of the Holocaust in order to prioritize the act of anamnesis as an end in itself. Chapter 6 examines Gert Hermann's Veilchenfeld (1987) and Der Kinoerzähler (1990). Veilchenfeld is a carnivalesque signifier of Nature whose persecution at the hands of the people of Limbach parallels the town's ecological destruction, so that the novel can be read as a critique of the exploitation of Nature. In Der Kinoerzähler Hofmann uses Karl, a Fool-figure who narrates silent films, to encourage the development of critical faculties which combat the fatalism and authoritarianism that hamper social change. It becomes clear that the authors of the above works have anticipated the shortcomings of Carnival as a model of resistance and have thus redefined the Fool and the carnivalesque. So in my view, although the way the authors deploy these topoi maps only partially with Bakhtin's ideas about Carnival, these authors have understood the central concepts of the carnivalesque's ambivalence and its powers to subvert authority and use them productively to deal with the issues raised by the Third Reich.

Mémoire (M.E.L.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1995. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU