A literature search was carried out on the role of the Community Psychiatric Nurse (CPN) in counselling within the Primary Health Care Team (PHCT) which highlighted a lack of theoretical knowledge for the psycho-social issues and that CPNs were not trained to provide counselling. The aim of this thesis was centred around the role in counselling the CPNs in Mid-Surrey Health District had in PHCTs, and whether General Practitioners (GPs) perceived CPNs as CPNs or counsellors. Two hypotheses were devised at the beginning of the study and a methodology was pursued in proving or disproving these hypotheses. Results indicated that CPNs were aware of the meaning of the term ‘counselling’ and that all but one felt they had not enough knowledge to carry out more in depth counselling/psychotherapeutic interventions. They all felt that counselling training was inherent to their work as CPNs within the PHCT. This therefore supported the hypothesis that CPN counselling in the PHCT needs to be trained. The GPs result was that they were unaware of qualifications held by CPNs or counsellors. They felt that CPN was invaluable and it would be an advantage if CPNs had counselling training. However, some felt that CPNs needed to retrain the ‘multipurpose’ aspect of their work. From the results it was apparent that there was a misperception of the role of CPN and counsellor as some GPs felt that CPNs were already counsellors. However, the result was inconclusive in proving or disproving the hypothesis. Most GPs introduced the CPN as a CPN and not as a counsellor, although some GPs believed that CPNs were also trained in counselling. It is argued that although these findings indicate that CPNs need counselling training and counselling was perceived as an important part of their work, in depth counselling training was not regarded as necessary to carry out their work as CPN.

Magister Curationis - MCur / The re-engineering of the healthcare landscape requires Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) to employ teaching and learning approaches that would produce graduates, who could respond to the transformative initiatives within the healthcare system. Graduates are required to become involved in a service-learning project, as part of their learning experience, within the Masters of Nursing in Advanced Psychiatric Nursing programme. Their learning and teaching activity is intended to prepare them to become competent advanced psychiatric nurse specialists, who are able to address social transformation.

New research findings, changes in legislation and the use of information technology in nursing, requires continuous in-service training of psychiatric nurses (Booyens, 2004:381; Muller, 2004:294) to cope with, reflect on, evaluate and modify their clinical practice based on emerging knowledge (Cowen et al.,2009:2; Polit & Beck, 2006:4). Many studies have been conducted on the importance of in-service training, and authors agree that in-service training improves the quality of nursing care. However few studies on in-service in South Africa and psychiatric nursing science have been conducted, of which the last study conducted on psychiatric nursing science in South Africa was 1986 (Nel, 1986:1-125). Personal observations found that some psychiatric hospitals in Gauteng do not conduct in-service training at all and informal discussions held with nursing managers highlighted that when in-service training programmes are compiled that are poorly followed, and it is unclear what the needs of psychiatric nurses are in terms of in-service training to keep them updated and empowered to perform to the best of their ability. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the needs and benefits of in-service training for psychiatric nurses in a specific psychiatric hospital in Gauteng and to formulate recommendations for in-service training for psychiatric nurses in this hospital. The research project followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. Six focus group interviews were conducted and relevant data obtained. The findings of this research included seven main themes, namely the need for in-service training, career advantages, social advantages, physical advantages, psychological advantages of in-service training, recommendations regarding in-service training and factors that hinder in-service training. These findings were enriched with direct quotations from the transcriptions as verbalized by psychiatric nurses during focus group discussions. The findings were compared with available relevant literature for confirmation. Recommendations were formulated for nursing education, nursing research and nursing practice that focus on in-service training for psychiatric nurses. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka psykiatrisjuksköterskans självrapporterade utförda arbetsuppgifter och självupplevda kompetens. Studien bygger på individuellt genomförda intervjuer med 19 psykiatrisjuksköterskor verksamma inom den psykiatriska slutenvården. Författarna har använd ett proportionellt stratifierat urval. Resultatet presenteras i fem kategorier; psykiatrisjuksköterskans kompetensområde, specifika arbetsuppgifter i kompetensområdet, arbetsuppgifter utanför kompetensområdet, arbetsuppgifter som psykiatrisjuksköterskan saknar samt rollkonflikter med tillhörande subkategorier. I psykiatrisjuksköterskans kompetensområde ingår arbetsuppgifter som arbetsledare och omvårdnadsansvarig att planera fördela arbetet på avdelningen, vårdplanera, dokumentera samt läkemedelsadministration. Det specifika i kompetensområdet visade sig vara bland annat vara stöd samtal, motiverande samtal och undervisning. Sjuksköterskorna skulle också ha en övergripande helhetssyn samt göra observationer. Arbetsuppgifter utanför kompetensområdet visade att de hjälper doktorerna med olika administrativa uppgifter samt en del kuratorsarbete. Arbetsuppgifter som sjuksköterskorna saknar främst; är mer aktiviteter för patienterna, mer patientkontakt, bättre samarbete med vårdgrannar och anhöriga samt en ökad etisk medvetenhet i omvårdnads och dokumentationsarbetet. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde även rollkonflikter i sitt arbete som mest berodde på olika otydligheter inom arbetsgruppen. Författarna anser att en tydligare arbetsbeskrivning, bättre ansvarsfördelning mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna samt en mer strukturerad vård av patienterna skulle minska otydligheten och osäkerheten för psykiatrisjuksköterskorna.</p><p> </p> / <p>The purpose of the study was to examine self-reported psychiatric nurse performed tasks and self-perceived competence. The study is based on individually conducted interviews with 19 psychiatric nurses working in psychiatric inpatient ward. The authors have used a proportional stratified sample. The results are presented in five categories; psychiatric nurse competence, specific tasks in the areas of competence, work outside the areas of competence, tasks psychiatric nurse lack and role conflicts and related subcategories. In psychiatry nurse competence includes duties as supervisor and nursing manager to plan the work in the department, care planning, documenting, and pharmaceutical administration. The specific competence in the field proved to be, inter alia, support calls, motivational talks and teaching. The nurses would also have a comprehensive approach and make observations. Tasks outside the competence demonstrated that they are helping the doctors with various administrative tasks, and some counselors work. Tasks that nurse do mainly lack; are more activities for patients, more patients, better cooperation with neighbors and family care, and increased ethical awareness in the nursing care and documentation work. The nurses also experienced role conflict in their work as most were due to various ambiguities in the working group. The authors conclude that a better working instruction, better division of responsibilities between the different professions and a more structured care of patients would reduce the lack of clarity and uncertainty of psychiatry nurses.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka psykiatrisjuksköterskans självrapporterade utförda arbetsuppgifter och självupplevda kompetens. Studien bygger på individuellt genomförda intervjuer med 19 psykiatrisjuksköterskor verksamma inom den psykiatriska slutenvården. Författarna har använd ett proportionellt stratifierat urval. Resultatet presenteras i fem kategorier; psykiatrisjuksköterskans kompetensområde, specifika arbetsuppgifter i kompetensområdet, arbetsuppgifter utanför kompetensområdet, arbetsuppgifter som psykiatrisjuksköterskan saknar samt rollkonflikter med tillhörande subkategorier. I psykiatrisjuksköterskans kompetensområde ingår arbetsuppgifter som arbetsledare och omvårdnadsansvarig att planera fördela arbetet på avdelningen, vårdplanera, dokumentera samt läkemedelsadministration. Det specifika i kompetensområdet visade sig vara bland annat vara stöd samtal, motiverande samtal och undervisning. Sjuksköterskorna skulle också ha en övergripande helhetssyn samt göra observationer. Arbetsuppgifter utanför kompetensområdet visade att de hjälper doktorerna med olika administrativa uppgifter samt en del kuratorsarbete. Arbetsuppgifter som sjuksköterskorna saknar främst; är mer aktiviteter för patienterna, mer patientkontakt, bättre samarbete med vårdgrannar och anhöriga samt en ökad etisk medvetenhet i omvårdnads och dokumentationsarbetet. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde även rollkonflikter i sitt arbete som mest berodde på olika otydligheter inom arbetsgruppen. Författarna anser att en tydligare arbetsbeskrivning, bättre ansvarsfördelning mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna samt en mer strukturerad vård av patienterna skulle minska otydligheten och osäkerheten för psykiatrisjuksköterskorna. / The purpose of the study was to examine self-reported psychiatric nurse performed tasks and self-perceived competence. The study is based on individually conducted interviews with 19 psychiatric nurses working in psychiatric inpatient ward. The authors have used a proportional stratified sample. The results are presented in five categories; psychiatric nurse competence, specific tasks in the areas of competence, work outside the areas of competence, tasks psychiatric nurse lack and role conflicts and related subcategories. In psychiatry nurse competence includes duties as supervisor and nursing manager to plan the work in the department, care planning, documenting, and pharmaceutical administration. The specific competence in the field proved to be, inter alia, support calls, motivational talks and teaching. The nurses would also have a comprehensive approach and make observations. Tasks outside the competence demonstrated that they are helping the doctors with various administrative tasks, and some counselors work. Tasks that nurse do mainly lack; are more activities for patients, more patients, better cooperation with neighbors and family care, and increased ethical awareness in the nursing care and documentation work. The nurses also experienced role conflict in their work as most were due to various ambiguities in the working group. The authors conclude that a better working instruction, better division of responsibilities between the different professions and a more structured care of patients would reduce the lack of clarity and uncertainty of psychiatry nurses.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Depression ses som en del av ett bipolärt syndrom med depressiva och maniska eller hypomana sjukdomsepisoder eller som ett unipolärt syndrom endast med depressionsepisoder. Fysisk aktivitet definieras som kroppens rörelse skapad av skelettmuskulaturens sammandragning. Den leder till att kroppen gör sig av med energi och har kopplats till att minska depressionsrisken, öka välbefinnandet och bryta isoleringen. Att motivera äldre med depressionssjukdom till fysisk aktivitet är inte helt okomplicerat. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att integrera fysisk aktivitet i omvårdnaden för denna patientgrupp. Det ingår i sjuksköterskeprofessionen att se till att patienten får det stöd som behövs för att främja dennes återhämtning. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av fysisk aktivitet som en del av omvårdnaden av äldre patienter med depressionssjukdom och som vårdas inom psykiatrisk vård. Metod: Det har genomförts sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor verksamma på en avdelning med inriktning på att vårda äldre personer med psykiska sjukdomar. Induktiv kvalitativ innehållsanalys inspirerad utifrån Graneheim och Lundman (2012) har tillämpats för att analysera intervjuerna. Resultat: Två kategorier resulterade utifrån analysen: stöd riktat på att främja fysisk aktivitet och inverkan på hälsan. Tre subkategorier ingår i kategorin ”stöd riktat på att främja fysisk aktivitet”: praktiskt, emotionellt och socialt stöd. Subkategorierna ”fysisk inverkan”, ”psykisk inverkan” och ”social inverkan” innefattar kategorin ”inverkan på hälsan”. Diskussion: Resultatet har diskuterats i relation till Barkers tidvattenmodell (2005) med betoning på hans tre begrepp (självdomänen, andradomänen och världendomänen). Psykiatrisjuksköterskan har möjlighet att främja fysisk aktivitet hos denna patientgrupp genom att erbjuda praktiskt, emotionellt och socialt stöd till dem. / Background: Depression is seen as part of bipolar disorder when the individ suffers from both depressive and manic or hypomanic episodes or as a unipolar syndrome only with depressive episodes. Physical activity is defined as a body movement resulted from the muscles´ activity. It leads to increased energy consumtion. It has been linked to reducing the risk of depression, of isolation and to improving the feeling of well-being. It is not an easy task to motivate elderly to practise physical activity. The nurse has an important role in implementing physical activity in this patientgroup´s care. The psychiatric nurse´s responsiblity is to ensure that patients are offered the support that can help to their recovery. Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe the nurses´ perceptions of physical activity as part of the care of the elderly depressed patients who are treated within psychiatric care. Method: Six semi - structured interviews were done with nurses working on a ward specialized on taking care of elderly suffering from mental illnesses. Inductive content analysis inspired from Granheim och Lundman (2012) has been used to analyse the interviews. Results: Two categories resulted from the analysis: "support based on promoting physical activity" and "health impact". Three subcategories (practical, emotional and social support) are included in the category "support based on promoting physical activity". Subcategories "physical impact", "psychological impact" and "social impact" belong to the category "health impact". Discussions: The results were discussed in relation to Barker´s tidal model (2005) with emphasis on three of his concepts (self-domain, others´ domain and the world domain). The psychiatric nurse has the opportunity to promote physical activity for these patients by offering them practical, emotional and social support.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor verksamma inom psykiatrisk vård upplever svårigheter med att artikulera sin yrkesidentitet. Bakgrunden beskriver sjuksköterskans roll inom psykiatrisk vård ur ett historiskt samt nutida perspektiv. Bakgrunden visar att sjuksköterskor tenderar att lämna den psykiatriska vården när de upplever att deras kompetens inte tas tillvara, vilket i förlängningen även drabbar patienterna. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor yrkesverksamma inom psykiatrisk vård uppfattar sin yrkesidentitet Metod: Fem sjuksköterskor intervjuades med hjälp av ostrukturerade intervjuer. Kvalitativ design användes i studien. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i temat en komplex yrkesidentitet samt tre kategorier: att vårda unika människor, att vara arbetsledare och den egna utvecklingen samt åtta underkategorier Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån Imogene Kings begrepp roll, organisationer, auktoritet, makt, status och stress, samt utifrån genusteoretiskt perspektiv. / Background:Nurses working in psychiatric care experience difficulty in articulating their professional identity. The background describes the role of the nurse in psychiatric care from a historical and contemporary perspective. The background shows that nurses tend to leave the psychiatric care when they feel their skills are not utilized, which in turn also affects the patients. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how nurses working in psychiatric care understand their professional identity Methods: Five nurses where interviewed with the help of unstructured interviews. A qualitative design was used for the study. Result: The results are presented in the theme a complex professional identity and the three categories: nurturing unique people, to be supervisors and their own development as well as eight subcategories Discussions: The results are discussed from Imogene King's conceptual role, organizations, authority, power, status and stress, and on the basis of gender theory perspective.

New research findings, changes in legislation and the use of information technology in nursing, requires continuous in-service training of psychiatric nurses (Booyens, 2004:381; Muller, 2004:294) to cope with, reflect on, evaluate and modify their clinical practice based on emerging knowledge (Cowen et al.,2009:2; Polit & Beck, 2006:4). Many studies have been conducted on the importance of in-service training, and authors agree that in-service training improves the quality of nursing care. However few studies on in-service in South Africa and psychiatric nursing science have been conducted, of which the last study conducted on psychiatric nursing science in South Africa was 1986 (Nel, 1986:1-125). Personal observations found that some psychiatric hospitals in Gauteng do not conduct in-service training at all and informal discussions held with nursing managers highlighted that when in-service training programmes are compiled that are poorly followed, and it is unclear what the needs of psychiatric nurses are in terms of in-service training to keep them updated and empowered to perform to the best of their ability. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the needs and benefits of in-service training for psychiatric nurses in a specific psychiatric hospital in Gauteng and to formulate recommendations for in-service training for psychiatric nurses in this hospital. The research project followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. Six focus group interviews were conducted and relevant data obtained. The findings of this research included seven main themes, namely the need for in-service training, career advantages, social advantages, physical advantages, psychological advantages of in-service training, recommendations regarding in-service training and factors that hinder in-service training. These findings were enriched with direct quotations from the transcriptions as verbalized by psychiatric nurses during focus group discussions. The findings were compared with available relevant literature for confirmation. Recommendations were formulated for nursing education, nursing research and nursing practice that focus on in-service training for psychiatric nurses. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Syftet: Syftet med studien var att belysa specialistutbildade sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av transkulturell omvårdnad inom psykiatrisk vård. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod med enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer. Specialistutbildade sjuksköterskor som arbetat inom psykiatrisk vård minst ett år fick berätta om sina erfarenheter av transkulturell omvårdnad.  Resultat: I resultatet framkom det att specialistutbildade sjuksköterskor inompsykiatrisk vård upplever språket som ett hinder för omvårdnaden eftersom språket är så centralt inom psykiatrisk vård då samtal utgör en stor del under vårdtiden. Det visar också att religiösa och kulturella seder kan ha betydelse i möten med patienter från olika kulturer. Möjligheter att förstå varandra mellan personal, patienter och anhöriga som är delaktiga i vården lyfts fram. Anhöriga kan bidra med information och även stötta patienterna vilket är värdefullt för omvårdnaden. Tolk används ofta för att lösa kommunikationsproblem men de används inte i så stor utsträckning man skulle önska på grund av kostnader. Slutsats: De specialistutbildade sjuksköterskorna har i stor utsträckning, kunnat ta hänsyn till patientens önskemål och erbjudit patienten det bästa möjliga alternativ till god omvårdnad. Studien visar att det finns specialistutbildade sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård som anser sig behöva mer kunskap inom transkulturell omvårdnad. / Aim: The study focuses on advanced trained psychiatry nurse’s experiences of transcultural nursing in psychiatric care. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative method of individual semistructured interviews. Nurses working in psychiatric care could share experiences of transcultural nursing. Results: In the result, one finding was that nurses perceive differences oflanguage as a barrier in the care, because communication is central in psychiatriccare. Religious and cultural beliefs and practices may also have an impact on the meeting with a patient from a different culture. There is opportunity for enhanced mutual understand when relatives are involved in the care. They can provide more information as well as support to the patient. Interpreters are used to solve communication problems; however they are not engaged as often as they should, due to the cost. Conclusion: That nurses, to a large extent, have been able to take into account patient’s wishes and thereby been able to offer the best possible treatment optionsto the patient. The study finds that nurses in general need a wider knowledge of transcultural nursing.