Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALESSANDRA RAMOS DEMITO FLEURY.pdf: 9617369 bytes, checksum: a6ac3e34563293c29f5b96e79826acf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-10 / O trabalho docente nas Instituições federais de ensino superior (Ifes) tem sido marcado por um contexto de intensificação, precarização e flexibilização nos últimos anos. A invasão da lógica neoliberal no espaço universitário trouxe implicações para o cotidiano de trabalho docente, o qual passou a se orientar pelas premissas da eficiência e da produtividade. Este contexto desenvolveu novas formas de organização do trabalho docente, influenciando suas relações socioprofissionais e suas vivências de prazer e sofrimento. Esta tese teve o objetivo de descrever e analisar, com base em categorias de análise da clínica psicodinâmica do trabalho, as vivências dos docentes da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) em relação ao seu trabalho na instituição de ensino superior (IES). Para tanto, buscou-se identificar os elementos que causam vivências de prazer e sofrimento nos docentes e que se relacionam ao seu contexto de trabalho, compreender as estratégias defensivas coletivas utilizadas pelo grupo em relação ao sofrimento gerado pelos constrangimentos no trabalho e verificar as possibilidades de constituição de um espaço de discussão coletivo. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos para alcançar esse objetivo. O primeiro baseou-se em uma análise documental, a qual analisou os cadernos de avaliação institucional, e um diagnóstico organizacional elaborado por empresa de consultoria especializada na área. O estudo I também envolveu a realização de entrevistas individuais, relacionadas à temática das categorias da psicodinâmica do trabalho. O segundo estudo foi desenvolvido com base na validação dos dados do estudo I e realizado em sessões coletivas com os professores da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFG. O referencial teórico para interpretação dos resultados foi a Psicodinâmica do trabalho, a qual é imbuída de uma ética de defesa da saúde do trabalhador e de sua ação autônoma e transformadora das formas patogênicas de gestão e organização do trabalho. Os resultados das análises indicam que as vivências de sofrimento relacionam-se à sobrecarga, à falta de reconhecimento e aos conflitos presentes nas relações socioprofissionais, e que todos estes elementos se relacionam com a liberdade e a autonomia do professor. Essas, percebidas pelos professores como fontes de prazer, possibilitam o uso das estratégias defensivas do individualismo e do isolamento, e auxiliam o enfrentamento da sobrecarga de trabalho, das relações interpessoais conflituosas e da cobrança por produtividade. A liberdade e a autonomia contribuem para o prazer, mas também para o sofrimento, pois dificultam a formação de um coletivo capaz de restaurar a solidariedade e a confiança entre os professores e que possibilitaria ao docente deliberar coletivamente sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas no cotidiano de trabalho, elaborando soluções compartilhadas, promovendo o reconhecimento sobre o seu engajamento, e o exercício pleno da liberdade e da autonomia, as quais poderiam modificar o seu contexto de trabalho. As vivências de prazer dos professores estão relacionadas ao convívio com os alunos, à sala de aula e ao significado da profissão docente em sua potência em transformar realidades. Conclui-se que o reconhecimento do aluno constitui um tipo singular, o qual ressignifica o sofrimento docente advindo da sobrecarga de trabalho e da ausência de outros reconhecimentos.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-12T15:58:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvia Batista Von Borowski_.pdf: 360629 bytes, checksum: 0311fa53aadb7e58717704cac1dc83eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-12T15:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvia Batista Von Borowski_.pdf: 360629 bytes, checksum: 0311fa53aadb7e58717704cac1dc83eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-28 / Nenhuma / A globalização provocou diversas mudanças no contexto do trabalho. A necessidade de constante inovação e agilidade atingiu a indústria metalúrgica, impactando na subjetividade do trabalhador e na gestão da organização. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a Organização do Trabalho (OT) de uma metalúrgica, seus impactos no prazer e sofrimento, bem como na saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Além disso, buscou-se analisar a mobilização subjetiva e as estratégias defensivas utilizadas pelos trabalhadores diante do sofrimento psíquico no trabalho metalúrgico. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratório-descritiva, com sete trabalhadores de uma indústria do sul do Brasil, que possui uma certificação internacional de saúde e segurança no trabalho. A coleta dos dados foi por grupo focal. Os dados foram tratados através de análise de conteúdo, com categorias a priori, baseadas no referencial da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. A OT estudada possui algumas especificidades como a ausência formal de um chefe, oportunizando espaços de discussão e autonomia na gestão das atividades. Porém, muitos trabalhadores têm dificuldades para se adaptar a proposta e sofrem no período inicial, sendo que alguns desistem e saem da organização. Observou-se um “controle” dos colegas substituindo o “controle” do gestor. Conclui-se que a OT potencializa a autonomia dos trabalhadores, mas promove a idealização/encantamento pelo modelo de gestão. Sugere-se a necessidade de potencializar espaços genuínos de discussão e participação efetiva. / Globalization caused several changes on work context. The constant need for innovation and agility reached also the metallurgical industry, affecting the employee subjectivity and the organization management. The present study aimed to analyze the work organization of a metallurgical industry and the impacts on mental health of its employees. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative research was made with seven employees of an industry in the southern area of Brazil, which has an international certification for work health and safety. The data were collected through a focus group. Data were processed through content analysis with a priori categories, theoretically guided by the psychodynamic approach of work, and afterwards, by the content emerged from the group. The results demonstrated that the studied Work Organization (WO) has specificities such as the “zero boss”, formal absence of a manager in the sectors, providing space for discussion and autonomy for the management of activities. However, many employees have difficulties to adapt to this motion and they suffer in the initial stage, in which some of them leave the organization. It was noticed a coworker “control”, which replaced the manager “control”. Therefore, WO reinforces workers autonomy and on the other hand it promotes an idealization/enthusiasm for the management model. It indicates a need to strengthen genuine spaces of discussion and effective participation.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T19:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LILA DE FÁTIMA DE CARVALHO RAMOS.pdf: 33278428 bytes, checksum: 86e27e9297b059aaf915c4d90ca44e60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LILA DE FÁTIMA DE CARVALHO RAMOS.pdf: 33278428 bytes, checksum: 86e27e9297b059aaf915c4d90ca44e60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / The world transformations undergone in recent decades, which culminated in the labour current scenery, resulted from the production's crisis and from the capitalist accumulation way, determine the labour market conditions. At this globalization of capital context, there is a decreased of incentive to public policy in the social psychiatry and occupational medicine fields. Thus, the numbers of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO), concerning to diseases and work deaths, have increased. Indeed, it's possible to affirm that people are getting sick and dying from work. The work process of the public servants of higher education federal institutions has been suffered with this neoliberal capitalist premise introduced in the Brazilian federal public service. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze and describe the impact of UFG's (Federal University of Goiás, in Brazil) organization of work on their servant health, which are attended by 'Saudavelmente' (SDM) program. The specific objectives of the present study are: (i) present the research studies into Psychodynamics of Work (PDW), from the 2004- 2014 period, available to the academic community at Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination – CAPES (Brazilian Ministry of Education/MEC) portal; (ii) analyze and present how a particular group of public service workers, with different situations in the organization of work, organize themselves to solve the suffering arising from work, and (iii) present the organization of work impact on workers' health, which process can take them to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.The theoretical-methodology approach was the PDW and Clinic of Work idealized by the french professor Cristophe Dejours. Two studies were developed: study I – documents analysis (‘Saudavelmente’ documents) and study II – collective discussion between the volunteer participants servants by a pair of clinical researchers. Eight sessions, with six administrative servant, were made. Each meeting lasted two hours. The data analysis results were interpreted according to dejourian methodology, and were identified, as results in the study I, the following issues: psychiatric diagnosis; behavioral psychiatric complaints; clinical diagnosis. The cases diagnosed by psychologists and psychiatrists ocurred according to DSM IV and ICD 10, mood disorders; reactive disorders; chemical dependency; anxiety disorders and other psychiatric diagnoses. In study II the data revealed that: the organization of work interferes with servant performance, causing suffering and pleasure; work is excessive; tasks are accomplished under pressure; roughness in rules compliance and the staff is not sufficient for the demand for labor. This process established defensive and confront strategies, transforming the server's psychic functioning and changing their forms of existence, incorporating not only at work, but also in private and family life. The suffering trivialization and denial were revealed by defense strategies and also individual face strategies, mobilized in front of the fear and physical and psychological integrity's threat in the context of social relations of domination. There were suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. / As transformações mundiais sofridas nas últimas décadas, que culminaram no cenário atual trabalhista, decorrentes da crise de produção e da manutenção da forma de acumulação capitalista, determinam as condições no mercado de trabalho. Nessa conjuntura de mundialização e globalização do capital, tem-se uma diminuição do incentivo à política pública no campo da psiquiatria social e da medicina do trabalho. Aumentou número de registros na OMS e OIT. Com efeito, é possível afirmar que, a partir do trabalho, pessoas estão adoecendo e morrendo. O processo laboral dos servidores das instituições federais de ensino superior tem sofrido com essa premissa capitalista neoliberal, implantada no serviço público federal brasileiro. Esta tese tem por objetivo geral analisar e descrever o impacto da organização do trabalho da UFG (Universidade Federal de Goiás) na saúde de seus servidores, os quais são atendidos pelo programa Saudavelmente (SDM), bem como os seguintes objetivos específicos: (i) apresentar o quadro de pesquisas em Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PDT), no período de 2004-2014, disponibilizado à comunidade acadêmica, no portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES/Ministério da Educação (MEC); (ii) analisar e apresentar a forma como um determinado grupo de trabalhadores do serviço público, com diversas situações no contexto da organização do trabalho, organiza-se para resolver o sofrimento advindo do trabalho, e (iii) apresentar o impacto da organização do trabalho na saúde do trabalhador, cujo processo pode levá-lo à ideação suicida, tentativas de suicídio. A abordagem teórico-metodológica foi a Psicodinâmica e Clínica do Trabalho desenvolvida pelo professor francês Christophe Dejours. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos: estudo I – análise documental (documentos do programa Saudavelmente) e estudo II – discussão coletiva entre os servidores pesquisados por uma dupla de clínicos pesquisadores. Foram realizadas oito sessões, com seis técnicos administrativos. Cada encontro durou duas horas. Os resultados da análise de dados foram interpretados de acordo com a metodologia dejouriana, e foram apontadas, como resultados no estudo I, as seguintes situações: diagnóstico psiquiátrico; queixas psiquiátricas comportamentais; diagnóstico clínico. As hipóteses diagnosticadas pelos psicólogos e psiquiatras deram-se de acordo com DSM IV e CID 10, transtornos de humor; transtornos reativos; dependência química; transtornos de ansiedade e outros diagnósticos psiquiátricos. No estudo II, os dados revelaram que: a organização do trabalho interfere no rendimento do servidor, causando sofrimento e prazer; o ritmo de trabalho é excessivo; as tarefas são cumpridas sob pressão; existe rigidez no cumprimento das normas e o quadro de pessoal não é suficiente para a demanda de trabalho. Esse processo estabeleceu estratégias defensivas e de enfrentamento, transformando o funcionamento psíquico do servidor, alterando suas formas de existência e incorporando-se não só no trabalho, mas também na vida privada e familiar. A banalização e a negação do sofrimento manifestaram-se nas estratégias coletivas de defesa, e, ainda, nas estratégias individuais de enfrentamento, mobilizadas diante do medo e da ameaça da própria integridade física e psíquica, num contexto de relações sociais de dominação. Houve ideações suicidas e tentativas de suicídio.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to understand how the organization of work affects the subjective mobilization of workers of a Psychosocial Care Center, Alcohol and Drugs in a municipality in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Qualitative research, which was used psychodynamics of work and developed from the work psychodynamics Clinic second application of medical devices and conditions for your driving. Four group sessions were held with sixteen fundamental level workers, middle and top of a Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and Drugs in the period April-May 2014. In interpreting the findings used the Content Analysis. The results were organized into three areas: work organization, mobilization and subjective suffering, defenses and pathology and discussed based on the work psychodynamics. It was found that on an organization's bureaucratic and disinterested work by personal history, professional and the desire of workers, have created coping strategies, such as investing in training and support each other. Use your practical intelligence to protect themselves from suffering and organizational inflexibility resistance strategies. The discussion spaces help to reduce anxiety, ease and support worker strain. Cooperation, which translates into solid relationships, it is essential to work in a Psychosocial Care Center. Through it obtains experiences of pleasure; but also was established as work rule and became rigid and exclusive. Workers do not feel valued and supported by superiors in ways that give meaning to their work. This produces implications the construction of identity and engagement activity they perform. Use defensive strategies in situations where they do not get recognition. We conclude that there is a lack of analysis of space on the work, which leads workers to deny reality. The use of practical intelligence, cooperation and discussion space to reframe the suffering experience, has not been enough to turn it into pleasure. Thus, defense strategies have overlapped subjective mobilization. / Este estudo objetivou compreender como a organização do trabalho afeta a mobilização subjetiva dos trabalhadores de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, Álcool e Drogas em um município da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, na qual se utilizou da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e se desenvolveu a partir da Clínica Psicodinâmica do Trabalho segundo aplicação dos dispositivos clínicos e das condições para sua condução. Foram realizadas quatro sessões grupais com dezesseis trabalhadores de nível fundamental, médio e superior de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, Álcool e Drogas, no período de abril a maio de 2014. Para a interpretação dos achados utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados foram organizados em três eixos: organização do trabalho, mobilização subjetiva e sofrimento, defesas e patologia e discutidos à luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Verificou-se que diante de uma organização do trabalho burocrática e desinteressada pela história pessoal, profissional e pelo desejo dos trabalhadores, os mesmos criaram estratégias de enfrentamento, como o investimento na formação e o apoio entre si. Utilizam sua inteligência prática para se proteger do sofrimento e estratégias de resistência à inflexibilidade da organização. Os espaços de discussão contribuem para diminuir a angústia, amenizar e suportar o desgaste do trabalhador. A cooperação, que se traduz em relações solidárias, é fundamental para o trabalho em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Por meio dela obtêm-se vivências de prazer; mas também, foi instituída como regra de trabalho e tornou-se rígida e excludente. Os trabalhadores não se sentem valorizados e apoiados pelos superiores hierárquicos em aspectos que dão sentido ao seu trabalho. Isto produz implicações à construção da identidade e ao engajamento da atividade que realizam. Utilizam estratégias defensivas frente a situações em que não obtêm reconhecimento. Conclui-se que há falta de espaços de análise sobre o trabalho, o que conduz os trabalhadores a negarem a realidade. O uso da inteligência prática, da cooperação e do espaço de discussão para ressignificar as vivências de sofrimento, não tem sido suficientes para transformá-lo em prazer. Desta forma, as estratégias de defesa tem se sobreposto mobilização subjetiva.

Submitted by Alexandre Muniz (alexandre.muniz@gmail.com) on 2018-01-15T13:13:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AMUNIZ_FC_FINAL.pdf: 4559786 bytes, checksum: d3eb5436b8591d936a83e3e00737e5eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-15T13:17:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AMUNIZ_FC_FINAL.pdf: 4559786 bytes, checksum: d3eb5436b8591d936a83e3e00737e5eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T11:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AMUNIZ_FC_FINAL.pdf: 4559786 bytes, checksum: d3eb5436b8591d936a83e3e00737e5eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-27 / This study aims to evaluate the extent to which a gossip in the workenvironment is a source of suffering, and it is proposed to investigate its associationwith the findings of the psychodynamic theory of work. A mixed method was applied, and a qualitative research was initiallycarried out to understand some aspects about the phenomenon of gossip in Brazil,obtaining testimony from 25 professionals, which allowed the delineation ofinvestigation categories through the analysis of content. A quantitative study wascarried out to evaluate the mediating impact of gossip on the pathogenic suffering, itsrelationship with physical, social and psychological damages of individuals at work, aswell as to validate the causal relations proposed by the work psychodynamics in Brazil.Through a questionnaire answered by 372 professionals, the categories were modeledinto factors through structural equations.The research results pointed out that gossip in the workplace increases theeffect of the work context on pathogenic suffering. He also revealed that individualswith lower the education level have more difficulty in dealing with rigid organizationalenvironments. In turn, the premises of work psychodynamics were confirmed,especially the conclusions of the Brazilian school, elucidating the high psychologicalimpact resulting from the work.The study did not focus on the relationship between gossipand subjective mobilization, to draw a parallel with individuals' strategy for dealing withthe harmful environment. This perspective can be explored in future studies. This study contributes to the debate on the topic of gossipand suffering in organizations, considering the incipient academic production.Social Implications - Elucidating the impacts of harmful phenomena that affect healthand people's lives, this study contributes to overcoming degraded work environments. This is the first study done in Brazil about gossip and suffering withoutwork. / Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar em que medida a fofoca no ambiente de trabalho é fonte de sofrimento, propondo-se investigar a sua associação com os achados da teoria psicodinâmica do trabalho. Utilizou-se um método misto, sendo inicialmente realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o intuito de compreender alguns aspectos sobre o fenômeno da fofoca no Brasil, obtendo-se depoimentos de 25 profissionais, o que possibilitou delinear categorias de investigação, por via da análise de conteúdo. A seguir, realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, para avaliar o impacto mediador da fofoca no sofrimento patogênico, sua relação com danos físicos, sociais e psicológicos de indivíduos no trabalho, bem como validar as relações causais propostas pela psicodinâmica do trabalho no Brasil. Através de um questionário respondido por 372 profissionais, modelou-se as categorias em fatores através de equações estruturais. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a fofoca no ambiente de trabalho aumenta o efeito do contexto do trabalho sobre o sofrimento patogênico. Revelou também que quanto menor é a escolaridade maior é a dificuldade do indivíduo em lidar com ambientes organizacionais rígidos. Por sua vez, confirmaram-se as premissas da psicodinâmica do trabalho, em especial as conclusões da escola brasileira, elucidando o elevado impacto psicológico resultante do trabalho. O estudo não enfocou a relação da fofoca com o constructo mobilização subjetiva, de forma a traçar um paralelo com as estratégias dos indivíduos para lidar com ambiente nocivos. Esta perspectiva poderá ser explorada em estudos futuros. Este estudo contribui para o debate sobre o tema da fofoca e do sofrimento nas organizações, cuja produção acadêmica é ainda incipiente. Elucidar os impactos de fenômenos nocivos que afetam sobremaneira a saúde e a vida das pessoas, contribui para a superação ambientes de trabalho degradados. Trata-se do primeiro estudo feito no Brasil sobre fofoca e sofrimento no trabalho.

Considerable number of studies are produced to deal with one of the most important challenges of the 21th century, which is the triple challenge of: regenerating the life supporting services provided by the Earth system, achieving food and nutrition sovereignty that leaves no one behind, and ensuring that global food systems support socio-environmental justice. This triple challenge is intrinsically linked to the Gordian knot that characterizes present-day global agriculture, at once vital and threatening to human society. In the present study, this global Gordian knot is explored through the lens of the trajectories of a few dozen farming systems, all located in a micro-territory of Wallonia (Southern Belgium) at the heart of the old industrial Europe. The agroecosystems under study are all family farms, which are among the survivors of a socio-professional group that has shrunk dramatically in just a few decades. Our broad objective is to gain insight into the tenets of transition towards sustainable farming systems in Wallonia.An exploratory research phase contributes to set the scene of our 'core research'. The exploratory study shows that three types of discourses, and two opposite paradigms, split the conversation among Walloon stakeholders on the path to improve agriculture; moreover, it suggests that transition is mainly a matter of cognitive lock-in. Our core research builds upon these premises, while the 'Peasant Principle' (put forward by J.D. van der Ploeg) stands out as its main theoretical background. Our broad objective may therefore be reformulated as 'gaining insight into the tenets of repeasantization in Wallonia'. This is addressed through three research questions, namely: 'What makes a farming system more or less peasant?'; 'What is the link between farm survival strategies and the cognitive (un)locking process?'; and 'How to support repeasantization?'. Our approach is grounded into two deep-probing field studies. The first one is empirical, and essentially stems from a sample of 23 neighbouring farm families located in a homogeneous window of Wallonia, and whose trajectories have been explored through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The second field study is the in-depth review of what we term 'Farming Assessment Normal Science' (FANS), which refers to usual (i.e. mainstream) farm productivity assessment, with or without sustainability concerns, and encompassing both agronomic and economic farm productive performance. Following an abductive and interdisciplinary approach, we make the realities of encountered farm families dialoguing with a set of theories and disciplines all along the four chapters of the core research – this set includes the Peasant Principle, agricultural accounting, orthodox economics, economic history, (agro)ecology, heterodox economic schools, thermodynamics and psychodynamics of work.The core research begins with the first proposal framework to build a situated tool assessing farm 'peasantness degree' (PD), and framed by the Peasant Principle. The application of this framework to our Walloon case study results in a 'PD tool' specifically designed to assess the relative peasantness of farms under study. By translating the broad dimensions of the Peasant Principle into 168 very tangible situated indicators, the resulting PD tool provides a fine-grained insight on what makes a farm more or less peasant in Wallonia. Economic and agronomic productivity indicators, usually used to compare farms, had to be left out from our comparative analysis. The reflexive process inherent to the PD tool construction has thus raised the following question: 'Why usual (economic and agronomic) productivity indicators turn out to be unfit to compare farming styles?'. This emerging question is first addressed by showing that FANS is rooted into orthodox economics, meaning that, with or without sustainability concerns, usual assessment views farms through the 'Firm model', and thus relies on input-output analysis to assess farm agronomic and economic performance. Through the lenses of both, (i) the diverging realities and peasantness degrees of investigated Walloon families, and (ii) the nature of the farming process, five categories of issues affecting the validity of FANS are put forward. The first category is about practical issues, and the other categories relate to conceptual issues. The three first categories only relate to farm economic assessment, whereas the fourth and fifth categories relate to both, agronomic and economic farm productivity assessment.Altogether, these issues not solely evidence that usual productivity indicators and usual sustainability assessment provide misleading insights on farm performance, but that they provide 'bias-asymmetry' insights, that is: the more a farming style depletes the (re)productive capacity of its agroecosystem, the more its productive performance is overestimated; in contrast, the more a style cares to replenish the (re)productive capacity of its agroecosystem, the more its productive performance is underestimated. Hence we evidence that FANS tailored, and keeps sustaining, 'the productivity myth' and. As this mainstream science has (and continue to) shape(d) agricultural prescriptions and development, we also show that these are oriented towards the loss of agroecosystems' (re)productive capacity.While unveiling the productivity myth and its real-life implications, a framework drawing on the 'Flow-Fund model' (put forward by the heterodox economist N. Georgescu-Roegen) emerged as a sound alternative to assess farm productivity performance. Through the lens of the flow-fund balance, we rely on the distinctly different ways Walloon farmers manage their agroecosystem, and on the metabolic nature of the farming process, to empirically and theoretically demonstrate that: the more a farming style complies with the peasant mode, the more the farming process (or flow-fund balance) is managed with art, and coproduces negentropy; conversely, the less a farming style entails peasantness, the more the farming process is denatured, and the more entropy is by-produced. Thus, at the same time, a metabolic interpretation of the Peasant Principle is drawn up.From all these empirical and theoretical insights, the following question emerges: 'How do surviving farm families cope with decennia of prescriptions oriented towards the depletion of the (re)productive capacity of agroecosystems, and thus towards of the depletion of their own capacity to remain farmers?'. Dealing with this emerging question merges with one last aspect that needed to be addressed, namely the social phe- nomena of suffering, deactivation and suicide that undermine the modern farming world of Wallonia and beyond. Assuming that these social phenomena are closely tied, we focus on the root causes of social suffering among surviving farmers, and give the floor to the statements of encountered farm families. After highlighting strong identity markers that set Walloon farmers as a singular socio-profes-sional group, the sensitive issue of suffering is addressed through collective narratives of encountered farmers on :the post- WW2 mutation of the Walloon farming work environment towards a modern environment with increased and plural hostility. Then we propose a typology of the strategies, deployed by the investigated farmers of Piccard Wallonia, to survive such hostility. By articulating our peasantness framework and the 'psychodynamic model of work-related suffering' (put forward by Ch. Dejours), five types of survival strategies are described, and labelled according to their corresponding category of farmers: the new peasants, the TMCE-ists (i.e. conservation agriculture farmers), the racing strugglers, the lost strugglers and the near-deactivated. These insights on farmers' narratives into the plurality of the hostility, on the contrasting degrees to which it undermines farmers' psychosocial health, and on farm diverging strategies, altogether challenge the commonly held vision that economic hardship is the root cause of agricultural pro- pensity to suffering, deactivation and suicide. Instead these empirical insights verify our interpretative hypothesis, i.e. the mechanical link between farmers' suffering and their relation to prescriptions. The loss of peasantness indeed appears as a root cause of the ill-being of the modern farming world.To conclude, this work evidences that the productivity myth has given rise to the (miscalled) 'productivist' paradigm and to a system of prescriptions oriented towards the depletion of the (re)productive capacity of agroecosystems – in turn undermining the Earth system's (re)production capacity. The psychosocial health of farmers clearly is a key fund element, and its depletion appears as the ultimate bend of the vicious downward spiral fueled by the productivity myth. We furthermore conclude that the peasant mode of production stands for managing the farming process in a coherent and sustainable manner, whereas non- peasant (so-called entrepreneurial and capitalistic) modes incoherently and unsustainably denature the farming process. Hence 'completed' repeasantization appears as a negentropic process of fund replenishment, ensuring wealth coproduction at all scales – from the farm to the Earth system. 'Completed' de-peasantization (or industrialisation), for its part, appears as an entropic process of fund depletion, causing illth at all scales.On this basis, we suggest an alternative representation of agricultural modes and processes, which comes down a metabolic reconfiguration of the triangle proposed by J.D. van der Ploeg, and takes the form of a multidimensional continuum opposing two poles.The main lesson learned from this research thesis is that, to unravel the Gordian knot bound to modern agriculture, we need to break free from the productivity myth. In the face of today's challenges, the usual yet fallacious statement that 'losing peasantness may enhance farm productive performance and sustainability', is no longer be an option. To support the transition towards sustainable farming worlds, transformative support systems are needed, and such systems require to design and rely on indicators assessing the real performance of farms and agriculture. Therefore, as a perspective for further research, we propose the 'Farm Metabolism (FM) framework', i.e. a conceptual and analytical proposal that basically implies to rely on agroecosystem's flow-fund analysis. The metabolic (or biophysical) assessment framework sketched out here therefore paves the way to a strong sustainability assessment of farm productive performance. In turn, it could contribute to support the necessary repeasantization of 'modernized' farmers, for the well-being of farmers and human society as a whole. / Un nombre considérable d'études sont réalisées pour répondre à l'un des plus importants défis du 21ème siècle, à savoir le triple défi de parvenir à la souveraineté alimentaire et nutritionnelle de tous, de régénérer les services vitaux fournis par le système Terre, et de veiller à ce que les systèmes alimentaires globaux contribuent à la justice socio-environnementale pour tous. Ce triple défi est foncièrement lié au nœud gordien qui caractérise l'agriculture moderne :une activité vitale et menaçante à la fois pour la société humaine. Dans la présente étude, ce nœud gordien à l'échelle globale est exploré à travers le prisme des trajectoires de quelques dizaines de systèmes agricoles situés dans un micro-territoire de la Wallonie (Belgique du Sud), soit au cœur de la vieille Europe industrielle. Les agroécosystèmes étudiés sont tous des fermes familiales, et les fermiers rencontrés comptent parmis les survivants d'un groupe socioprofessionnel qui s'est considérablement réduit en quelques décennies seulement. Notre objectif général consiste à com- prendre les tenants et aboutissants de la transition vers des systèmes agricoles durables en Wallonie.Une phase de recherche exploratoire contribue à poser le contexte empirique du cœur de notre recherche. Cette étude exploratoire montre que trois types de discours, et deux paradigmes opposés, divisent la 'conversation' des acteurs wallons sur la manière d'améliorer l'agriculture; de plus, ce premier apercu empirique suggère que la transition est avant tout une question de verrou cognitif. Le cœur de notre recherche se fonde sur ces prémisses, et le 'Principe Paysan' (proposé par J.D. van der Ploeg) s'impose comme le cadre théorique principale. Notre objectif général peut dès lors être reformulé comme suit :'comprendre les tenants et aboutissants de la repaysannisation wallonne. Pour ce faire, trois questions de recherche sont posées :'En quoi un système agricole wallon est-il plus ou moins paysan qu'un autre ?', 'Quel est le lien entre les stratégies de survie des familles agricoles et le processus de (dé)verrouillage cognitif ?', et 'Comment favoriser le processus de repaysannisation ?'. Notre approche est fondée sur deux études de cas approfondies. La première est empirique, et concerne essentiellement un échantillon de 23 familles agricoles voisines, situées dans une fenêtre homogène de Wallonie ;leurs trajectoires ont été explorées par des entretiens semi-structurés et de l'observation participante. Notre deuxième étude de cas est un examen approfondi de ce que nous appelons la 'science normale de l'évaluation des fermes' (FANS, en anglais), c’est-à-dire l'évaluation scientifique usuelle de la productivité des fermes, dans le cadre ou non d'une évaluation de durabilité, et qui concerne à la fois la performance agronomique et économique des fermes. De par l'abductivité et l'interdisciplinarité qui caractérisent notre approche, nous faisons dialoguer les réalités des familles agricoles rencontrées avec un ensemble de théories et de disciplines tout au long des quatre chapitres qui forment le coeur de notre recherche – cet ensemble inclut le Principe Paysan, la comptabilité agricole, l'économie orthodoxe, l'histoire économique, l'(agro)écologie, des écoles économiques hétérodoxes, la thermodynamique et la psychodynamique du travail.Le cœur de la recherche débute avec la proposition d'une démarche analytique fondée sur le Principe Paysan, et visant à construire un outil comparatif du 'degré de paysanneté' (DP) de fermes. L'application de cette démarche donne lieu à un 'outil DP' adapté au contexte spécifique de notre étude de cas wallon. Cet outil traduit les dimensions générales du Pincipe Paysan en 168 indicateurs 'situés' très concrets, permettant ainsi de fournir un aperçu finement détaillé de ce qui rend une ferme wallonne plus ou moins paysanne qu'une autre. Les indicateurs de productivité agronomique et économique usuellement utilisés pour comparer les fermes, n'ont pas pu être inclus dans notre analyse comparative. Le processus réflexif inhérent à la construction de l'outil DP a ainsi soulevé la question suivante :'Pourquoi les indicateurs usuels de productivité agricole se sont-ils révélés inadaptés à la comparaison des styles agricoles ?'.Cette question émergeante est d'abord abordée en montrant que FANS est ancré dans l'économie orthodoxe. Cela implique que la manière usuelle d'évaluer les fermes – qu'il s'agisse ou non d'une évaluation de durabilité – utilise le 'modèle de la Firme' et, dès lors, se fonde sur des analyses intrants-extrants pour comparer les performances agronomiques et économiques des fermes et de l'agriculture. A travers les prismes, (i) des réalités et des degrés de paysanneté contrastés des familles agricoles enquêtées et (ii) de la nature du processus agricole, nous mettons en évidence cinq catégories de problèmes qui contestent la validité de FANS. La première catégorie se rapporte à des problèmes pratiques, et les quatre suivantes soulèvent des problèmes conceptuels. Non seulement l'ensemble de ces problèmes démontre que les indicateurs usuels de productivité (économique et agronomique) agricole, et les évaluations usuelles de durabilité agricole, donnent lieu à des arguments scientifiques erronés. Mais de plus, il est démontré que ces arguments comportent le biais-asymmétrique suivant :au plus un style agricole épuise la capacité (re)productive de l'agroécosystème, au plus sa performance productive est sur-estimée ;au contraire, au plus un style agricole veille à régénérer la capacité (re)productive de l'agroécosystème, au plus sa performance productive est sous-estimée. Nous montrons ainsi que FANS a conçu, et continue à entretenir, le 'mythe de la productivité'. Or ce mythe a façonné les prescriptions et le développement agricoles qui, par conséquent, sont orientés vers la perte de la capacité (re)productive des agroécosystèmes.Parallèlement à la mise en lumière du mythe de la productivité et de ses implications réelles, un cadre s'inspirant du 'modèle Flow-Fund' (formalisé par N. Georgescu-Roegen) laisse entrevoir une alternative prometteuse pour évaluer la productivité (agronomique et économique) réelle des fermes. A travers le prisme de la balance flow-fund, nous nous fondons sur les manières distinctement différentes dont les fermiers wallons gèrent leur agroécosystème, et sur la nature métabolique du processus agricole, pour démontrer empiriquement et théoriquement l'argument suivant :au plus un style agricole est proche du mode paysan, au plus le processus agricole (ou la balance flow-fund) est géré(e) avec art et co-produit de la néguentropie ;à l'inverse, au moins le style est paysan, au plus le processus agricole est dénaturé et au plus de l'entropie est coproduite. Ainsi, dans le même temps, nous établissons une interprétation métabolique du Principe Paysan.De tous ces constats empiriques et théoriques, la question suivante émerge :'Comment les familles agricoles qui ont survécu font-elles face aux décennies de prescriptions orientées vers l'épuisement de la capacité (re)productive de leurs agroécosystèmes, et donc vers l'épuisement de leur capacité à demeurer fermiers ?'. Cette question rejoint un dernier aspect qu'il était nécessaire d'aborder, à savoir les phénomènes sociaux de souffrance, de désactivation et de suicide qui minent le monde agricole moderne de Wallonie et d'ailleurs. Partant du postulat que ces phénomènes sociaux sont étroitement liés, nous nous concentrons sur les causes profondes de la souffrance sociale des fermiers subsistants, en veillant tout particulèrement à laisser la parole aux familles et fermiers que nous avons côtoyés. Nous commençons par souligner des marqueurs identitaires forts qui montrent que les agriculteurs wallons, au delà de leur hétérogénéité, forment un groupe socio-professionnel singulier. La question épineuse de la souffrance est abordée à travers le récit collectif des fermiers sur la mutation d'après-guerre, de l'environnement de travail agricole vers un environnement moderne caractérisé par une hostilité accrue et plurielle. Nous proposons alors une typologie des stratégies, déployées par les fermiers enquêtés de Wallonie picarde, pour subsister face à une telle hostilité. L'exercice typologique se fonde sur l'articulation de notre cadre de paysanneté et sur le 'modèle dynamique de la souffrance psychique au travail' (proposé par Ch. Dejours), mettant en évidence cinq types de stratégies de survie. Celles-ci sont désignées par la catégorie de fermiers qui leur est associée :les nouveaux paysans, les TMCE-istes (soit les fermiers en agriculture de conservation), les fonceurs à leur perte, et les désorientés. Cet aperçu empirique sur des récits et des stratégies de fermiers, réfute la vision communément véhiculée selon laquelle les difficultés économiques sont la cause profonde de la propension agricole à la souffrance, à la désactivation et au suicide. En revanche, cet aperçu confirme notre hypothèse interprétative, à savoir :l'existence d'un lien mécanique entre souffrance des fermiers et leur rapport aux prescriptions. La perte de paysanneté apparaît en effet comme une cause profonde du mal-être du monde agricole moderne. Pour conclure, ce travail démontre que le mythe de la productivité a engendré le paradigme (appelé à tort) 'productiviste' et le système de prescriptions agricoles qui dominent le monde agricole et l'orientent vers l'érosion de la capacité reproductive des agroécosystèmes – contribuant ainsi à l'érosion de la capacité reproductive du système Terre. La santé psychosociale des fermiers émerge clairement comme un des élément-clé du fund des agroécosystèmes, et son érosion apparaît comme le stade ultime de la spirale délétère alimentée par le mythe de la productivité. Nous parvenons également à la conclusion que le mode de production paysan signifie gérer le processus agricole de manière cohérente et durable; les modes non paysans (dits entrepreneuriaux et capitalistiques) eux dénaturent le processus agricole de manière incohérente et non durable. La repaysannisation 'aboutie' apparaît ainsi comme un processus néguentropique, producteur de richesse à tous les niveaux – du système agricole à celui de la Terre. La dépaysannisation (ou industrialisation) avancée des agroécosystèmes apparaît comme un processus entropique d'épuisement du fund, hautement producteur de coûts et de maux ('illth' en anglais) à tous les niveaux. C'est sur cette base, que nous proposons une représentation alternative des modes et processus agricoles. Essentiellement, cette représentation est une reconfiguration métabolique du triangle proposé par J.D. van der Ploeg, et se présent sous la forme d'un continuum multidimensionnel opposant deux pôles.La principale leçon tirée de cette thèse se résume ainsi :pour trancher le nœud gordien de l'agriculture moderne, il faut rompre avec le mythe de la productivité. Face aux défis actuels, l'argument usuel selon lequel 'la perte de paysanneté permet d'accroître les performances productives et la durabilité des fermes', n'est plus une option. Pour favoriser la transition vers des mondes agricoles durables, des systèmes de soutien transformateurs sont nécessaires, et ces systèmes requièrent de s'appuyer sur des indicateurs aptes à évaluer la performance réelle des styles agricoles et de l'agriculture. Nous proposons, en tant que perspective de recherche, le cadre 'Métabolisme de Ferme'. Cette proposition conceptuelle et analytique implique de se fonder sur des analyses flow-fund au niveau des agroécosystèmes, ouvrant ainsi la voie à une évaluation de la performance productive réelle des styles agricoles, et ce dans une perspective de durabilité forte. Le cadre 'Métabolisme de Ferme' pourrait dès lors contribuer à soutenir la repaysannisation des agroécosystèmes 'modernisés', nécessaire au bien-être des fermiers et à celui de l'ensemble de la société humaine. / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished