Resultat från tidigare studier visade att långtidsskador inom idrott har en stor inverkan på det psykiska välbefinnandet och fann ett behov av mer forskning kring de psykosociala aspekterna vid skador i idrott. Studiens syfte var att studera emotionella omställningar vid elithandbollsspelares långtidsskador och dess samspel med emotioner, självbild och socialt stöd. Deltagare var 7 kvinnor och 3 män inom nordisk elithandboll. Intervjuer utfördes, transkriberades och tematiserades med avseende på mening utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. I resultatet redovisades 33 centrala emotioner som t.ex. känslor av chock vid besked av skadans allvar, ångest över att inte prestera och deppighet över skadan. Resultat för självbild och socialt stöd visade på en stor identifikation med handbollsrollen, minskat egenvärde och betydelsen av det handbollsrelaterade stödet. Det verkade råda ett hårt klimat inom elithandbollen och vår studie skulle kunna användas till att skapa mer förståelse och bättre behandlingsalternativ för skadade individer inom elithandbollen.

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The purpose of the study was to explore the psychosocial factors involved in the susceptibility, experience and rehabilitation of injuries sustained in long-distance running in order to develop a biopsychosocial theoretical model that will help explain the experience of injury and the successful rehabilitation thereof in long-distance running. The study was approached from a biopsychosocial theoretical perspective. A mixed methods research design with the purpose of expansion and using 15 case studies was employed. Purposive sampling with a snowballing effect was used to select the 15 long-distance runners who were injured or had recently recovered from injury. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the participants. Furthermore, each participant completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. An examination of the participants’ experiences of injury reveals that injury has an effect on and is affected by the following factors: running history and training program; perceived benefits and disadvantages of running; personal understanding of injury; personality factors; psychological responses to injury; perceived causes of injury; approach to rehabilitation; and coping mechanisms. Furthermore, there is an inherent interplay of biological or physical, psychological and social processes involved in the experience of injuries sustained in long-distance running. Based on the findings of the study, the biopsychosocial model of long-distance running injuries is proposed. Although the model emanates from the experiences of the 15 participants in the study, it may be applied to long-distance runners in general. A long-distance runner’s experience of running is the core of the model. The model depicts how each of the factors noted previously has an effect on and is affected by injury; thus, showing the integral relationship between injury and each of the factors. Furthermore, the biopsychosocial nature of the model is also portrayed in the model. Cognizance is also taken that all long-distance runners are individuals and may respond to injury in a unique manner. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Psychology / unrestricted

The present study explored elite athletes experiences of a sport-related concussion (SRC), i.e. cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses in rehabilitation. The participants were four elite athletes, 2 men and 2 women (23-25 years old), from cycling and martial arts, all suffering protracted concussion symptoms. A semi-structured interview guide was used, and data was analyzed through thematic analysis, with inductive reasoning. The findings suggest that emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses, such as uncertainty, stress, motivation and depression were present in the recovery from SRC, represented by six themes (1) Identity Loss, (2) Invisibility of the Injury, (3) Being In Charge of Recovery and Return to Sport, (4) Social Support and Pressure, (5) Uncertainty of Recovery Prognosis and (6) Depression and Substance Use. The findings also highlight the risk for mental illness following SRC and the importance of learning more about the psychological perspectives of SRC. Suggestions for practical implications and future research proposals are given. / Studien syftade till att undersöka elitidrottares kognitiva, emotionella och beteendemässiga responser i rehabilitering från en idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning. Deltagarna bestod av 4 elitidrottare, 2 män och 2 kvinnor (23–25 år gamla), från cykling och kampsport, där alla deltagare hade lidit av långdragna hjärnskakningsrelaterade symptom. En semi-strukturerad intervjuguide användes och data analyserades genom tematisk analys, med induktivt resonemang. Resultatet föreslog att emotionella, kognitiva och beteendemässiga responser kopplade till osäkerhet, stress, motivation och depression förekom under tillfrisknandet från idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning, representerade av sex teman; (1) Förlorad Identitet, (2) Skadans Osynlighet, (3) Ansvar för Tillfrisknande och Återgång till Idrott, (4) Socialt Stöd och Press, (5) Osäker Prognos för Tillfrisknande och (6) Depression och Medicinering. Ett viktigt fynd var att det förefaller finnas en ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa i samband med idrottsrelaterade hjärnskakningar, vilket antyder vikten av att ökad kunskap inom forskningsområdet har potential att tydligare kunna bistå idrottare med bättre behandlingsstöd. Förslag på praktiska implikationer och fortsatt forskning medföljer.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / As the Department of the Navy and Marine Corps looks for efficiencies in Force End Strength Management and improvement to Sailor and Marine quality of life, Semper Fit may provide some answers. This research specifically focuses on the Marine Corps Body Composition Program (BCP) and Remedial Physical Conditioning Program (RPCP). The purpose is to qualitatively analyze a program for Marines who are overfat or on remedial physical training (PT) programs, focusing on the feasibility of Marines obtaining professional assistance from Semper Fit. The scope of this research evaluates existing programs and analyzes their beneficial affects in improving retention and attrition of RPCP Marines. The research shows that Semper Fit professionals would provide overfat and poorly conditioned Marines by USMC standards a consistent program through mandatory training in health, nutrition, and fitness. Semper Fit would directly support unit commanders with classes in nutrition, health, and fitness tailored for each RPCP Marine. Furthermore, this study validates the newly established Department of Defense Physical Readiness Test Standards recently adapted by the Department of the Navy as highly accurate. This study recommends the Marine Corps further expand Semper Fits role in support of the Marine and unit commander. / Captain, United States Marine Corps

Einleitung: Nach einer kontrovers diskutierten Einführung von Mifepriston im Jahre 1999 in Deutschland weisen die niedrigen Anwendungszahlen auf eine zögerliche Etablierung hin. Aufgrund der aktiven Einbeziehung der Frau in die Durchführung des Schwangerschaftsabbruches wird oft eine erschwerte emotionale Verarbeitung vermutet. Wir untersuchten die psychische Belastung vor und nach medikamentösem und chirurgischem Abbruch. Methoden: 147 Frauen mit gewähltem medikamentösen und 72 Frauen mit chirurgischem Abbruch wurden vor und vier Wochen nach dem Eingriff befragt. Neben demographischen Aspekten, Beweggründen, Kriterien der Methodenauswahl und medizinischen Details wurden die deutsche Fassung der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) und der Impact of Event Scale (IES) verwendet. Ergebnisse: Die demographischen Angaben zeigten keine Unterschiede zwischen den Anwenderinnen beider Methoden. Bei einem Vergleich der Ergebnisse der HADS vor und vier Wochen nach dem Abbruch zeigte sich ein signifikanter Abfall der Werte für Angst und Depression bei beiden Methoden. Die Anwenderinnen von Mifepriston wiesen jedoch deutlich seltener erhöhte Angstwerte vor dem Schwangerschaftsabbruch auf. Vier Wochen später zeigten die Werte für Angst und Depression keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Verfahren mehr. Auf den Skalen der IES wurde ein geringeres Ausmaß von erlebter Intrusion und Vermeidungshaltung bei den Frauen der medikamentösen Methode gefunden. Im Vergleich deutlich stärker waren die erlebten Blutungen, Schmerzen und Nebenwirkungen bei der Anwendung von Mifepriston. Dieses hatte jedoch weder einen negativen Einfluss auf die psychische Verarbeitung des Ereignisses noch auf die hohe Akzeptanz der Methode. Eine überwältigende Mehrheit der Frauen beider Methoden schätzte es als außerordentlich wichtig ein, zwischen verschiedenen Methoden wählen zu können. In einer hypothetischen Zukunftssituation würden sich 80,3 % der Frauen nach medikamentöser Methode und 62,9 % der Frauen nach chirurgischer Methode wieder für die gleiche Methode entscheiden. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Untersuchung belegt die in anderen Studien allgemein geteilte Auffassung, dass die Beendigung einer ungewollten Schwangerschaft unabhängig von der durch die Frau gewählten Methode eine positive erste Konfliktlösung bedeutet. Die positiven Ergebnisse der psychischen Verarbeitung und die hohe Zufriedenheit der Anwenderinnen unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer Aufrechterhaltung der Auswahlmöglichkeit zwischen verschiedenen Methoden zur Schwangerschaftsbeendigung und einer verbesserten Zugänglichkeit zur medikamentösen Methode mit Mifepriston in Deutschland. / Introduction: After a controversial introduction of medical abortion with mifepristone in 1999 this method is still not widely available in Germany. Because of the active participatory role of the women many doctors fear a higher rate of psychological sequelae after an abortion with mifepristone. In our study we compared the coping process of women who chose the medical procedure to terminate an unwanted pregnancy with others who opted for surgical abortion. Methodology: Women were asked before and four weeks after the procedure to complete a questionnaire covering demographic data, motivation, medical details and social support. Additionally, the women completed the German Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES). The following evaluation compares the data of 147 women who chose medical abortion with the results of 72 women who preferred a surgical abortion. Results: No significant differences were found for the demographic background of the women using the two different methods. Comparing data before and a month after the abortion, our study shows a significant decline of both anxiety and depression for both methods. Women using the abortion with mifepristone showed significantly lower entrance levels on the anxiety subscale than the surgical group. There were no significant differences in post-abortion anxiety and depression levels. For the IES, women choosing medical abortion scored significantly lower on the intrusion and avoidance subscales than the women opting for surgical abortion. Women using mifepristone experienced significantly more bleeding, pain and other side effects. However, these side effects did neither show a negative influence on the psychological coping nor on the high acceptability of mifepristone. An overwhelming majority of women in both groups evaluated choosing between different abortion methods as being highly important to them. 80,3 % of the women after medical abortion with mifepristone and 62,9 % of the women after surgical abortion would chose the same method again. Conclusions: Our study supports the consensus view that termination of an unwanted pregnancy is a positive first solution to the conflict, regardless of the chosen method. The positive outcome and high satisfaction levels among the participants illustrate the importance of an ongoing and improved accessibility of medical abortion for women in Germany.