This article aims to contribute to the long-standing discussion about nonprofit organizations' (NPOs) dependence on public funding and its consequences on their advocacy role in modern societies. Drawing on resource dependence theory and data from a quantitative survey, the study investigates the impact of public funding and its extent on nonprofit engagement in advocacy. Traditionally, scholars have cautioned that NPOs reliant on public sources will hesitate to pursue political objectives and to engage in advocacy work. Yet, empirical findings are strikingly inconsistent. One of the reasons for these ambiguous findings may be the way advocacy is measured. To address this issue, we apply two different approaches to evaluate NPO engagement. Both sets of findings from our multivariate analyses of Austrian NPOs suggest that public funding does not have a negative impact on advocacy.

AbstractThis thesis is based on two questions: What are the differences in the outcome of a sport event depending on the choice of method to be used for evaluation? And what method is the most appropriate one in terms of evaluation of the economic effects of sport events? There are two methods used: and the first one is the traditional multiplier analysis and the second method used is introduced by Braunerhielm and Andersson (2007). The economic results of the two different methods used in this thesis have been applied on a real life event, The European Championships in Figure Skating in Malmo City 2003. The two methods is of great importance and they provide us with two suggested results that are of interest, but what method to be used depends on who is making the evaluation and for what purpose. The suggested method by Braunerhielm and Andersson (2007) results in an outcome representing the economic effects of the event concerning all areas in the municipality involved both the private sector and the public sector. This method is of best use for athlete organizations that wants to keep a continuous record of their contribution towards the municipality through events and the positive result will help them promote their importance of existence to the municipality so that they can get public funding for arranging future events and gain more profit by increasing the interest of their association. Whereas,the multiplier analysis is appropriate to use for the municipality, as the results is the tax revenue gained from the event that is to be reinvested in e.g. new schools or roads the result will then help promoting the public funding of sport events to the public. The appropriate method to use is the multiplier analysis as it generates results that is of interest for the public as it calculates the effect for the municipality as a whole and not only the effects for the once directly involved in the sport event.

<p> <strong>Abstract</strong><p>This thesis is based on two questions: What are the differences in the outcome of a sport event depending on the choice of method to be used for evaluation? And what method is the most appropriate one in terms of evaluation of the economic effects of sport events? There are two methods used: and the first one is the traditional multiplier analysis and the second method used is introduced by Braunerhielm and Andersson (2007). The economic results of the two different methods used in this thesis have been applied on a real life event, The European Championships in Figure Skating in Malmo City 2003. The two methods is of great importance and they provide us with two suggested results that are of interest, but what method to be used depends on who is making the evaluation and for what purpose. The suggested method by Braunerhielm and Andersson (2007) results in an outcome representing the economic effects of the event concerning all areas in the municipality involved both the private sector and the public sector. This method is of best use for athlete organizations that wants to keep a continuous record of their contribution towards the municipality through events and the positive result will help them promote their importance of existence to the municipality so that they can get public funding for arranging future events and gain more profit by increasing the interest of their association. Whereas,the multiplier analysis is appropriate to use for the municipality, as the results is the tax revenue gained from the event that is to be reinvested in e.g. new schools or roads the result will then help promoting the public funding of sport events to the public. The appropriate method to use is the multiplier analysis as it generates results that is of interest for the public as it calculates the effect for the municipality as a whole and not only the effects for the once directly involved in the sport event.</p></p><p> </p>

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Essa pesquisa procura investigar a relaÃÃo entre financiamento pÃblico e modos de produÃÃo de documentÃrios, por meio de uma experiÃncia de trabalho com pesquisa histÃrica, e conhecer, atravÃs de tÃcnicas de anÃlise fÃlmica, as formas estÃticas e narrativas dos sete documentÃrios cearenses produzidos pelo Programa de Fomento à ProduÃÃo e TeledifusÃo do DocumentÃrio Brasileiro, o DOCTV Brasil. A partir das ediÃÃes do Programa realizadas no CearÃ, serÃo observados os possÃveis impactos produzidos pelos modos de produÃÃo, estabelecidos pelo Poder PÃblico, nas experiÃncias estÃticas, de conteÃdo e narratividade desses documentÃrios. / This research seeks to highlight the relationship between public financing and documentary production methods, through a work experience with historical research, and know through film analysis techniques, esthetic forms and narratives of the seven documentaries produced in Cearà by the Program Promotion of the Production and Broadcasting of the Brazilian Documentary, the DOCTV Brazil. From the Program editions held in CearÃ, the potential impacts will be observed by the production methods, established by the Government, the aesthetic experiences, content and narrative of these documentaries.

This dissertation examines the key success drivers of hedonic media products like movies and video games, across both the production and distribution phases. Essay I analyzes how public and private funding impact the cultural and economic success of movies, using German film funding as an example. It finds that public funding attracts private investment and increases box office revenues globally, but does not directly improve movie quality ratings. Essay II focuses on the digital home video market and how pricing and timing of releases influence streaming success for purchases and rentals. It reveals differences in consumer behavior, with purchases being more price-elastic and rentals more sensitive to release timing. Essay III investigates how casting popular actors as in-game characters, i.e. star power, drives the success of video games. It finds star power can directly boost game success, especially for genres like horror and RPGs, but counteracts the benefits of multiplayer games. Overall, the dissertation provides valuable insights for entertainment companies, marketers and policymakers on strategically leveraging factors like funding sources, pricing, release timing and star power to enhance the success of hedonic media products across different distribution channels.:Index of Figures VIII Index of Tables IX Abbreviations X 1 Synopsis 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Summaries of Dissertation Essays 7 1.2.1 Essay I: The Global Impact of Public and Private Funding on Cultural and Economic Movie Success: Evidence from German Film Funding 7 1.2.2 Essay II: Strategic Levers for Sequentially Distributed Digital Products: The Case of Home Video 9 1.2.3 Essay III: From Screen to Screen: How Star Power Drives Video Game Success 12 2 Essay I: The Global Impact of Public and Private Funding on Cultural and Economic Movie Success: Evidence from German Film Funding 14 2.1 Abstract 14 2.2 Introduction 15 2.3 Conceptual and Research Background 18 2.3.1 The German Public Funding System 18 2.3.2 Impact of Quality Signals on Movie Financing (RQ1) 19 2.3.3 The Relationship Between Public and Private Funding (RQ2) 20 2.3.4 Impact of Movie Financing on Cultural Success (RQ3) 21 2.3.5 Impact of Movie Financing on Economic Success (RQ4) 23 2.4 Study Design 25 2.4.1 Data 25 2.4.1 Model 27 2.5 Results 29 2.5.1 Overview 29 2.5.2 Impact of Quality Signals on Movie Financing (RQ1) and Impact of Public on Private Funding (RQ2) 32 2.5.3 Impact of Movie Financing on Cultural Success Variables (RQ3) 32 2.5.4 Impact of Movie Financing on Economic Success (RQ4) 36 2.6 Conclusion 38 2.6.1 Discussion 38 2.6.2 Practical Implications 42 2.6.3 Limitations and Research Outlook 43 Appendix A: Essay I 44 Appendix A.1: Bivariate Correlations 44 Appendix A.2: Model Statistics and Extensive Results 48 Appendix A.3: T-Test Results 62 3 Essay II: Strategic Levers for Sequentially Distributed Digital Products: The Case of Home Video 66 3.1 Abstract 66 3.2 Introduction 67 3.3 Theoretical Framework and Research Background 69 3.3.1 Home Video Success 70 3.3.2 Strategic Distribution Levers and Competition 73 3.3.3 Interactions of Strategic Levers and Preset Factors 75 3.4 Data 75 3.4.1 Basis 75 3.4.2 Pricing and Timing 78 3.4.3 Competition and Preset Factors 78 3.4.4 Controls 79 3.5 Method 80 3.6 Results 83 3.6.1 Impacts of Strategic Levers and Competition 84 3.6.2 Impacts of Preset Factors 87 3.6.3 Moderating Impact of the Strategic Levers 87 3.6.4 Simulation Analysis 92 3.7 Discussion 94 3.7.1 Pricing, Timing, and Competition 94 3.7.2 Preset Factors and Lever Interactions 96 3.7.3 Managerial Implications 97 3.7.4 Limitations and Directions for Further Research 99 Appendix B: Essay II 100 Appendix B.1: Model Robustness 100 Appendix B.2: Comprehensive Results 115 4 Essay III: From Screen to Screen: How Star Power Drives Video Game Success 128 4.1 Abstract 128 4.2 Introduction 129 4.3 Research Background and Theoretical Framework 131 4.3.1 Literature Review 131 4.3.2 Video Games vs. Movies 133 4.3.3 Theoretical Framework 134 4.4 Study Design 139 4.4.1 Data 139 4.4.2 Method 144 4.5 Results 145 4.5.1 Overview 145 4.5.2 Impact of Star Power on Video Game Success 147 4.5.3 Star Power Impact Across Game Traits 149 4.6 Discussion 152 4.6.1 Conclusion 152 4.6.2 Managerial Implications 155 4.6.3 Limitations and Directions for Further Research 156 Appendix C: Essay III 157 Appendix C.1: Bivariate Correlations 157 Appendix C.2: Regression Model T-Test Results 161 Appendix C.3: Extended Results 163 References 167 Curriculum Vitae XII Eidesstattliche Erklärung XIII

Submitted by Juliana Pacheco de Azevedo Lino (juliana.lino88@gmail.com) on 2019-02-09T01:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 06-02-TA_Juliana_Lino_Cavalari vf.pdf: 847109 bytes, checksum: 8210890ec9644d00d8d5a1713b868bb6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2019-02-12T15:49:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 06-02-TA_Juliana_Lino_Cavalari vf.pdf: 847109 bytes, checksum: 8210890ec9644d00d8d5a1713b868bb6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jessica Chimatti Martins (jessica.martins@fgv.br) on 2019-02-13T13:05:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 06-02-TA_Juliana_Lino_Cavalari vf.pdf: 847109 bytes, checksum: 8210890ec9644d00d8d5a1713b868bb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-13T13:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06-02-TA_Juliana_Lino_Cavalari vf.pdf: 847109 bytes, checksum: 8210890ec9644d00d8d5a1713b868bb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-11 / O presente trabalho investiga se o dinheiro do financiamento público para inovar funciona como uma sinalização de bom investimento para novos investidores e também se é um instrumento para cobrir uma lacuna de financiamento do mercado. O argumento é de que as empresas normalmente enfrentam dificuldades para encontrar opções de financiamento adequadas à atividade de inovar, a qual apresenta maiores riscos e prazo de retorno mais alongado. Dentro desse aspecto, a tomada desse tipo de financiamento seria apenas uma maneira das companhias evitarem o subinvestimento. Por outro lado, o presente estudo também explora a possibilidade das empresas entenderem que o financiamento público para inovar sinaliza para o mercado que a companhia é uma empresa inovadora e, assim, seria uma boa opção de investimento. No caso, restringiu-se aos financiamentos concedidos pela Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) por serem voltados exclusivamente ao apoio à inovação em empresas no território brasileiro. A primeira parte do referencial teórico fala sobre a importância da minimização do custo da dívida na escolha de financiamento, depois é analisada a teoria da atuação das agências de fomento em razão da lacuna existente no sistema financeiro de fontes de financiamento adequadas para a inovação, com posterior detalhamento das opções de financiamento para inovação via equity, mercado de capitais e fontes públicas de financiamento. Em seguida é exposta a teoria da sinalização de bom investimento. Posteriormente, é feita uma análise de como a reputação é importante para as empresas. Por fim, a pesquisa exploratória analisa o perfil de endividamento, capacidade de atração de novos investidores e nível de reputação das companhias que compõem a amostra da pesquisa. / This study investigates if the money raised through public agencies focused on innovation works as a sign of good investment as well as it analyses if it is an instrument to cover a gap of sources of funding. The argument is that companies often face difficulties to find funding options appropriate to the innovation activity, which presents higher risks and longer payback. In this regard, state-owned funding to innovate appears as a viable alternative for companies to avoid underinvestment. In addition to that, this study also explores the possibility that companies see this sort of funding as a signal to the market that the company is an innovative player and thus would be a good investment option. Concerning the present research, it was restricted to the financing granted by Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) once it is exclusively focused on supporting innovation in companies operating within the Brazilian territory. The first part of the theoretical framework highlights the relevance of reducing the cost of debt when choosing the funding sources, next the present document analyzes the role of the development institutions as an agent to cover the lack of adequate financing sources to innovation. Further details are provided concerning the different sources of financing for innovation via equity, capital markets and public funding. Then, it is presented the theory of good investment signaling. Subsequently, an analysis is made of how reputation is important to companies. Finally, the exploratory research analyzes the debt profile, the capacity to attract new investors and the reputation level of the companies that comprise the research sample.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Maria Bueno Bocchi.pdf: 1836948 bytes, checksum: 4058f486b9e579973724b55133f77ac8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / The general purpose of this thesis is to detail the educational financial actions aimed at the state primary public school system of the State of São Paulo in the period ranging from 2008 to 2012, executed with both centralized and decentralized resources. The specific purpose is to identify the dispute present in the potential financial processes that may burden the public funding of the educational area and compromise the reach of the official quality of the state public Primary Education in São Paulo. The choice of this time period comes from the fact that this was when the Official State Curriculum was implanted and consolidated in all the Primary Education Network System of São Paulo, and it also marks the transition from the José Serra/ Alberto Goldman (PSDB) administration to the two first years of the Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) administration, strongly marked in the educational area by the Official Curriculum throughout the Public Network System, aiming to improve the quality of education and focused on a policy of management by results and marked by increased financial investments in the area. The approach used to reach this goal is the evaluative research, adopting the documental study and the use of focal group as technical procedures for data collection. The study reveals the presence of bulky financial resources that should have risen the quality of the state public Primary Education, but contrary to expectations, were badly invested and misused, compromising the initial commitment the Government of the State of São Paulo during the period covered / A presente tese tem como objetivo geral, detalhar as ações financeiras educacionais direcionadas à escola pública básica estadual do Estado de São Paulo no período de 2008 a 2012, executadas com recursos centralizados e descentralizados e como objetivo específico, identificar a controvérsia presente nos possíveis expedientes financeiros que oneraram o financiamento público da área educacional e comprometeram o alcance de qualidade da Educação Básica pública do Estado de São Paulo. A escolha desse recorte temporal foi por ser o de implantação e consolidação - em toda a Rede de Educação Básica estadual de São Paulo - do Currículo Oficial do Estado e também marcar a transição de governos de José Serra/ Alberto Goldman (PSDB) e os dois primeiros anos de Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB), fortemente assinalados na área educacional com o Currículo Oficial, em toda a Rede Pública, visando à qualidade educacional, ênfase na política de gestão por resultados e crescentes investimentos financeiros para a área. O método utilizado para atingir esse fim porta-se como uma pesquisa avaliativa e adota como procedimentos técnicos para coleta de dados, o estudo documental e uso do grupo focal. O estudo revela a presença de volumosos recursos financeiros que deveriam ter elevado a qualidade da Educação Básica pública estadual, mas contrariamente ao esperado, foram mal gastos e desviados, prejudicando os propósitos iniciais com os quais o Governo do Estado de São Paulo se comprometia no período estudado

This thesis studies the determinants of grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and identifies the key factors that can account for their variation across communities. The analysis examines the target audience for NEA grants, how the NEA chooses to distribute its funds, and whether the grants aimed at low-income communities are effective in targeting communities that do not otherwise have access to the arts. This study concludes that grants from the National Endowment for the Arts tend to be allocated to communities with higher college graduation rates, but not necessarily higher income levels.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T20:27:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioidilvanlimaalencar.pdf: 1582446 bytes, checksum: 36e1adb098bdeca7f7809cd5587d05bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T20:53:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioidilvanlimaalencar.pdf: 1582446 bytes, checksum: 36e1adb098bdeca7f7809cd5587d05bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T20:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioidilvanlimaalencar.pdf: 1582446 bytes, checksum: 36e1adb098bdeca7f7809cd5587d05bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / O presente estudo insere-se em meio ao atual contexto brasileiro de desenvolvimento e expansão da política da Educação Profissional integrada ao Ensino Médio. O Estado do Ceará implantou uma rede de escolas profissionais, a partir de 2008, e possui desafios financeiros com a manutenção e ampliação da oferta nesta modalidade. Isso nos levou a investigar as empresas concedentes de estágio aos alunos das Escolas de Educação Profissional do Estado do Ceará. Nosso objetivo geral é analisar a Política de Educação Profissional do Estado do Ceará (entre os anos de 2008-2014) a partir da percepção das empresas concedentes de estágio aos alunos da rede de ensino, com vistas à perspectiva de responsabilidade social. Traçamos um percurso metodológico que utiliza técnicas exploratórias para considerar o objeto principal do estudo; fontes bibliográficas e documentais para construir o procedimento de coleta, que utiliza como instrumento o questionário estruturado; análises qualitativas para avaliar a natureza dos dados coletados; e pesquisas de campo para capturar elementos para as análises subsequentes. A partir das técnicas de pesquisa que traçamos, tornou-se necessário analisar os documentos nacionais que normatizam a Educação Nacional, entre eles, a Constituição Federal de 1988, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) Nº 9.394/96, a Lei de estágio Lei Nº 11.788, o Documento Base para a Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio Integrado ao Ensino Médio e o Parecer CNE/CEB Nº 39/2004. As políticas do Estado do Ceará que normatizam a Educação Profissional, a Lei de Criação das Escolas Estaduais de Educação Profissional, Lei Nº 14.273/08, também foram consideradas. Diante disso, partimos dos estudos de Fonseca (1961), Garcia (2009), Freitas (2014), Ciavatta e Ramos (2015) e Jost e Schlesemer (2015) para compreender mais a fundo nosso objeto de estudo. Além disso, baseamo-nos em Gonçalves (2003) e Severino (2007) para fundamentar nosso procedimento metodológico. Por fim, utilizamos Borger (2001) e Rico (2004) para abordar questões relacionadas ao tema da responsabilidade social. Uma vez concluída a nossa análise – e observada a aceitação da perspectiva de responsabilidade social por parte das empresas entrevistadas – lançamos um plano de ação para apresentar à Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Ceará com propostas que podem impactar de forma positiva na redução dos gastos públicos e na ampliação da Educação Profissional do Estado do Ceará, em consonância com as determinações do Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024). / This study is positioned amid the Brazilian current context of development and expansion of the Professional Education policy integrated to high school. The State of Ceará has implemented a network of Professional Schools since 2008 and has faced financial challenges related to the maintenance and expansion of seats in this school modality. This led us to research about the companies that offer internships in the scope of the Professional Education Policy of the State of Ceará. Our main objective: to analyze the Professional Education Policy of the State of Ceará (20082014) based on the perception of the companies that offer internship to students of this school system aiming the perspective of social responsibility. In order to achieve this main goal we have developed a methodological framework that uses exploratory techniques when taking into account the object's content; bibliographical and documentary sources in order to construct a procedure to collect information, embodied in a structured questionnaire; qualitative measures to study the nature of gathered data; and field exercises to capture inputs for subsequent analysis.Through the methods above we intend to study national documents that regulate Education at the country level, as the Federal Constitution (1988), the National Educational Bases and Guidelines Law (LDB, No. 9.394/96), the Fellowship-Scholarship Law (No. 11.788/2008), the Base Document for the Integration of Secondary Level Professional Education to High School (2007) and the CNE/CEB Opinion No. 39/2004. Furthermore, Ceará's state policies aimed at normatize the local Professional Education, as the Establishment of Professional Education Schools at the State Level Law (No. 14.273/2008), will also be taken into account. We will start from studies of Fonseca (1961), Garcia (2009), Freitas (2014), Ciavatta and Ramos (2015) and Jost and Schlesemer (2015), with the intention of understanding our object of study in a more profound way. The studies of Gonçalves (2003) and Severino (2007) will then support our methodological outlines. Borger (2001) and Rico (2004) will support the reflections related to social responsibility issues. Once the analysis is concluded (and assuming the incorporation of the social responsability issue as a valid perspective by the interviewed organizations), we therefore present an action plan to Ceará's Education Department containing effective suggestions in order to reduce public expenditure and to expand Professional Education on that State, in line with National Education Plan (2014-2014) guidelines and measures.

Doctor Educationis / This study examines changes in public funding and student access, factors influencing the changes in public funding, and strategic responses towards influencing variations in student access under fluctuations in public funding at two African public universities, the University of the Western Cape in South Africa and the University of Ghana in Ghana. Underpinned by resource dependence theory, the study uses a qualitative methodology via in-depth interviewing of twenty-two respondents and documentary analysis to gather data to explore the study’s objective. The public funding of higher education and student access in South Africa and Ghana have been changing over time, where various issues of concern have been raised about the changes. This study explores the relationship between changes in public funding and student access at both universities. The study finds that the levels of change in public funding have a significant effect on the variations in student access at the University of the Western Cape. In other words, changes in public funding are a major factor in changing student access. The analysis shows that, statistically, approximately 94 percent of the variation in student enrolment between 2007 and 2016 is accounted for by public funding. However, the study finds an insignificant relationship between changes in public funding and student access at the University of Ghana. The findings reveal that the state of the economy; competing needs of the various sectors; low prioritization of higher education; sectoral planning and budgeting; a shift of focus from education; funding mechanism; and overspending in election years are factors that influence changes in public funding at both institutions. Strategic responses such as government subsidy; low-tuition fee structure; payment arrangement; recruitment strategy; containment strategy; special grants; financial support system; policy for the admission of athlete students; and policy for less-endowed schools have been employed by the two universities to influence variations in student access in the face of fluctuations in public funding. The study concludes by generating practical and conventional propositions on public funding of higher education and student access. A recommendation for further research into changes in public funding and student access is also suggested. A similar study could thus be undertaken to investigate the relationship between changes in tuition fees and student access.