Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Nathasha Brooks-Harris has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Mark Gordon, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Michael Knight, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Michael Brewer, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2017 There is a digital divide between Baby Boomers and Millennials in the way they communicate and use technology in the New York City public sector workplace. The purpose of this empirical phenomenological study was to explore the phenomenon of generational communications between Baby Boomers and Millennials in the New York City workplace and to understand their lived experiences of how they communicate and use technology in their job. The conceptual framework consisted of two theories: Cameron & Quinn's competing values framework and Prensky's digital natives/digital immigrants. A total of 21 New York City workers (10 Baby Boomers and 11 Millennials) from various agencies participated in semi structured interviews and answered the DISC Classic Profile, an instrument that showed their communication styles. The data were analyzed using the Stevick-Colazzi method and Dedoose data analysis procedure to find groups of meaning and themes. Research found benefits and challenges of technology that impacted communications; how organizational culture impacted technology use and communications; fears about using and learning technology; differences in relationships affecting Baby Boomers and Millennials; and differences in communication styles affecting management and subordinates. Recommendations for future research include conducting a similar qualitative study on Generation X and a quantitative study on Baby Boomers and Millennials. The findings of this study will contribute to positive social change through the implementation of reverse mentoring, knowledge management and transfer, succession planning, and human resource management.

With the increased demand for doing more with less, public sector managers embrace outsourcing back-office functions through a shared service model; however, maintaining service quality for public sector shared service centers (SSC) in financial management during peak cycles is a challenge. Framed with the transaction cost economy theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies used by SSC managers in a public sector company to maintain service quality. Seven participants with more than 4 years of SSC experience in public-sector companies participated in phone interviews including SSC department heads, managers, and a supervisor of a public-sector company in Mississippi who implemented strategies to successfully maintain service quality in the SSC relationship. Through method triangulation, a review of service level agreements and key performance indicators supplemented open-ended semistructured interviews. The research findings included emergent themes of training and documentation, employee engagement, control and communication, efficiency and automation, and standardization and metrics. The SSC strategies in training and documentation, control and communication, and employee engagement were fundamental for maintaining service quality in SSC relationship. Study findings may help public sector SSC managers understand how to incorporate and implement successful strategies in financial management divisions to maintain service quality. Positive social change includes identifying methods to increased efficiency and service quality in a financial management division. Society could benefit from improvements in employee work-life balance, reduced turnover, and increases in the economic well-being of community residents.

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Thesis (M.Com. (Information Systems))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2015 / Information technology (IT) governance, which embodies how organisations arrange and manage their IT assets, continues to be of interest to those involved in the research and practice of information systems (IS). Most of the interest is because of the positive relationship between IT governance and organisational performance. Organisations are increasing their IT expenditure, which results in increased expectations by stakeholders. Public sector organisations have also gradually recognised the importance of IT governance to successful implementation of mandates, but the research conducted globally to understand how IT governance is actually implemented in the public sector has been limited. A case study of ENTDEV (a public sector agency) was used to explore how IT governance implementation takes in a public sector organisation. The case study sought to understand how institutional influences (e.g. regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) play a role in IT governance adoption and the selection of IT governance mechanisms, how IT governance implementation actually takes place and what IT outcomes are achieved as a result of the implementation - using institutional theory, IT governance mechanisms framework, and the IT outcomes framework, as lenses. The case study identified regulatory influences as playing a role in IT governance adoption, and also uncovered the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) as important. Normative and culture cognitive influences were seen as not playing a role at the IT governance adoption stage. Regulatory and normative influences and the CIO have an influence in the implementation of IT governance mechanisms. The skills and capacity of people involved in implementing IT governance mechanisms, together with the positioning and organisation’s perception of IT are some of the issues that impact on IT governance implementation. The study recognised cost effective use of IT and improved compliance as the immediate IT outcomes as a result of IT governance implementation. Strategy enablement outcomes are recognised over time. Informed by the empirical evidence and literature, a framework for IT governance implementation in public sector organisations is conceptualised as a contribution to theory. It is envisaged that the framework may be used by public sector institutions to improve their understanding of IT governance and subsequently improve how they implement IT governance.

La tesi analizza come i sistemi contabili possano contribuire alla creazione e allo sviluppo del valore pubblico e considera, nello specifico, tre prospettive: (i) il ruolo di alcuni meccanismi di governance e auditing nell’assicurare l’attendibilità dei dati di bilancio; (ii) gli effetti della trasparenza (e, in particolare, della comprensibilità delle informazioni contabili) sulla partecipazione dei cittadini; e (iii) gli impatti delle riforme contabili nella lotta alla corruzione. I risultati dimostrano che i sistemi contabili forniscono le modalità operative per comunicare, diffondere e sviluppare il valore pubblico. Alcune caratteristiche dei Collegi Sindacali sono risultate cruciali per assicurare l’attendibilità dei dati di bilancio, contribuendo così a rendere visibili alcuni aspetti del valore pubblico. Determinati attributi della trasparenza si sono dimostrati efficaci nel migliorare la comprensibilità delle informazioni contabili per i cittadini, sostenendone in questo modo la partecipazione. Da ultimo, le riforme contabili hanno generalmente avuto successo nella lotta alla corruzione. Tuttavia, da alcuni risultati è emerso che i sistemi contabili possono anche essere implicati in comportamenti non etici e volti alla distruzione del valore pubblico. / The thesis is aimed at investigating how accounting systems can contribute to the creation and development of public value. Three facets of public sector accounting research are explored, namely: (i) the role of governance and auditing arrangements in assuring the reliability of financial information; (ii) the effects of transparency (and, in particular, of the understandability of financial information) on democratic participation; and (iii) the impact(s) of accounting in the fight against corruption. Results show that accounting systems do provide the operational ways to communicate and develop public value. Specific auditors characteristics have proven to be crucial for assuring the reliability of financial information, thus contributing to making aspects of public value and its distribution in the society more visible. Certain transparency attributes were found to be effective in improving citizens’ understanding of governments’ financial performance, thus sustaining democratic participation. Finally, accounting-based anti-corruption reforms have largely been recognized as successful. However, drawing on a more critical point of view, accounting may also be implicated in unethical behaviors and in the destruction of public value.

The thesis sets out to examine a digitization project of an obsolete art database that was issued by the Finnish joint municipal authority Finlands Svenska Förbund för Utbildning och Kultur (SÖFUK) and KulturÖsterbotten through questions on obsolescence, the reasoning behind using an obsolete database for so long, elements that characterize digitization work in municipal settings and the challenges such a project brings forth. The SÖFUK art database functions as a case study that is being examined through action research supported by previous research on obsolescence and the different approaches to digitization within the humanities; mass, critical, and slow digitization. The goal of the digitization project is to transfer the data from the old MS Access 97 art database to the modern solution Katalogen, and to take new photographs of the artworks because of their unfavourable quality. The goal is hence to digitize the art database anew. The steps taken to digitize the art database are described throughout the digitization process. With the help of a constructed analytical tool supported by previous research on obsolescence, the old art database is analyzed and discussed to answer the question on which types of obsolescence that could be found regarding the database. The thesis is also supported by previous research on the digitization approaches mass, critical and slow digitization, with slow digitization being the favoured approach for the nature of this digitization project. The results show that various findings of obsolescence could be noted in the old art database. Elements of digitization in municipalities can be linked to communication, time management and cooperation. The challenges vary from light being reflected in plexiglass while photographing to difficulties localizing artworks in the municipalities. Why the obsolete art database was used for so long by SÖFUK and KulturÖsterbotten was that an external resource was needed to do the tedious work of localizing the artworks and travel to the fourteen municipalities to photograph each artwork.

Background: Medical device companies must consider different laws and regulations when developing new products. Not just laws and regulations put on themselves, but also laws and regulations put on the market, including the public sector. New product development consists of what is known as the fuzzy front end (FFE) of innovation, where companies must make ill-defined decisions with limited information. Problem formulation: There is a vast number of studies within the FFE of innovation, many of which focus on what causes the fuzziness, namely uncertainty, complexity and equivocality. There are, however, limited studies focusing on the FFE within the medical device industry, emphasising the public sector. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the FFE of innovation within the Swedish medical device industry, where the public sector is prominent. The aim is also to highlight industry-specific aspects of the whole FFE for medical device companies to consider when commercialising their products to the public sector, which is arguably an even fuzzier market. Method: To be able to answer the research question, this thesis is built upon a qualitative, multiple case study with an abductive approach to theory development. Five interviews were conducted with four different companies within the medical device industry in Sweden., and two interviews were conducted with two different county councils in Sweden. Findings: The main findings of this thesis are that the public sector creates higher amounts of uncertainty and complexity within the medical device industry. Thus, the FFE of innovation is industry-specific and also depends on what type of product is being developed. Equivocality as well is found to have other dimensions within FFE in the Swedish medical device industry. Conclusion: Many aspects of the FFE of innovation from previous studies exist in the medical device industry in Sweden, but the FFE seem to contain higher amounts of each cause of fuzziness.

The responsibility of the homeless has for a long time been a gray area. Voluntary organizations were founded because no one else was helping the homeless. Today the responsibility to take care of the homeless lies with the public sector and the respective municipalities. So why is it that new voluntary organizations keep appearing? The purpose of the study is to find out what role voluntary organizations play in the work against homelessness and whether they have an impact on the social work of today. Analysis of the results was done with theories of street-level bureaucrats and social citizenship.  The results of this study show how much responsibility voluntary organizations take in the work against homelessness. A responsibility that many of the interviewees know should lie with the public sector instead. The voluntary organizations fulfills the participants' basic needs and provides them a sense of security. The results draw attention to the fact that the work that the voluntary organizations do is often taken for granted.

Datum:  2023-05-30 Nivå:   Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 hp  Institution:  Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet  Författare:                   Grankvist, Philip Hammer, Viktor  Pizzoni Elfving, Benjamin                     (99/07/30)        (01/03/14)             (01/12/20)                                                                                   Titel:   Rekrytering i privat och offentlig sektor -En kvalitativ studie som jämför     rekryteringsprocesser mellan den privata och offentliga sektorn i Västerås kommun  Handledare:  Konstantin Lampou                                                     Nyckelord:  Rekrytering, Rekryteringsprocess, Offentlig sektor, Privat sektor   Frågeställningar: Vilka likheter och skillnader finns det i rekryteringsprocessen mellan offentlig    och privat sektor, hur överensstämmer dessa med teoretiska modeller för    rekrytering? Vad kan den offentliga och privata sektorn lära sig av varandra i respektive    rekryteringsprocess? Syfte:    Syftet med undersökningen är att få en djupare insyn i olika organisationers    rekryteringsprocesser i den offentliga och privata sektorn. För att sedan se    vilka skillnader och likheter som existerar mellan sektorerna samt vad de    kan lära sig av varandra.   Metod:   Studien har en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats. Studien grundar sig i  semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som har erfarenhet av rekrytering. Analysen har tolkats genom en tematisk syn.      Slutsats:   Undersökningen har givit forskningen en mer djupgående insyn i vilka skillnader och likheter som finns mellan de olika sektorernas  rekryteringsprocesser. Undersökningen har förklarat mer om offentlighetsprincipen och hur det påverkar sökande kandidater i den  offentliga sektorn. Även hur offentlighetsprincipen används till att utveckla  rekryteringsprocesser till mer effektiva och passande för sektorerna. Användandet av en kvalitativ metod gav undersökningen en mer djupgående  bild av rekryteringsprocesserna vilket i sin tur gav möjligheter att förklara skillnader i mer än bara siffror. Både för och nackdelar uppstår med  sektorernas förutsättningar för rekrytering, vilket indikerar stora möjligheter för vardera sektor att ta lärdom av varandra och utveckla sina rekryteringsprocesser ytterligare. / Date:   2023-05-30 Level:   Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr  Institution:  School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University  Authors:           Grankvist, Philip Hammer, Viktor  Pizzoni Elfving, Benjamin                         (99/07/30)                  (01/03/14)             (01/12/20)                                                                                   Title:   Recruitment in private and public sector -A qualitative study comparing    recruitment processes between the private and public in Vasteras municipality Supervisor:  Konstantin Lampou                                                     Keywords:  Recruitment, Recruitment process, Public sector, Private Sector Research questions:  What are the similarities and differences in the recruitment process between the public and private sectors, how do these align with theoretical models of recruitment?      What can the the public and private sector learn from each other in their    respective recruitment process? Purpose:  The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper insight into to the recruitment    processes of various organizations in the public and private sector.     To then see what differences and similarities that exist between the sectors    and what they can learn from each other.     Method:  The study utilizes a method that is qualitative along with an abductive    approach. Semi-structured interviews with individuals having recruitment    experience served as the study’s foundation. A thematic approach has been    used to interpret the data.  Conclusion:  The study has provided research with a deeper awareness of the differences      and similarities between the various sectors recruitment processes. The survey has provided further information about the principle of publicity and how it relates to job applicants in the public sector. Additionally, how  recruitment processes are developed to be more effective and appropriate for the sectors using the principle of publicity. The survey’s use of a qualitative method provided deeper knowledge of the recruitment processes which in turn provided opportunity to explain the variations using factors other than just numbers. The conditions for recruiting in the different sectors both have advantages and disadvantages, which suggests immense chances for learning from one another and improving the recruitment process in each sector.