Diploma thesis maps functioning, problems and troubles of public transportation in Prague during socialism in years 1948 till 1974. These years represents the beginning of communism in Czechoslovak Republic and year of putting the Prague metro into operation. The aim of the work was to examine this limited period in terms of public transportation, its impact on urban development, how different types of public transportation interacted and complemented each other, what was its impact on passengers alone and , for example, how metro planning during this period affected the operation of busses, troleybusses and trams. We found that despite the fact that the metro was at first just an unnecessary plan, later the entire system of public transportation began to concentrate and change precisely because of its implementation. Key words: Public transportation, trams, buses, metro, city development

Application that combines crowdsourcing and gamification elements should be usable by as many passengers as possible, considering all the different smartphones available on the market and people with disabilities. Thus, most popular platforms for cross-platform mobile application development should be compared in order to choose the appropriate one for this project. Finally, application prototype should be further tested to gather more feedback about design and concept for improvements and future studies.  Such solution is not meant to replace current methods of information gathering, but instead should be one of the available tools.

Under hösten 2013 offentliggjorde den svenska regeringen att man vill investera i att bygga ut Stockholms tunnelbana. Denna utbyggnad innefattar nio nya stationer, Sofia på Södermalm är en av dessa stationer. På grund av platsens förutsättningar kommer stationen bli en av de djupaste i världen. Detta förslag utnyttjar dessa förutsättningar för att sammankoppla gatunivån med den underjordiska perrongen och ger den vardagliga upplevelsen av rymd, atmosfär, ljus och tomrum en central position. Förslaget innefattar ett hundra meter djupt schakt, två hisschakt, ett publikt torg park och tunnelbaneperrong. / During the autumn of 2013 the Swedish government announced that they intend to invest in expanding the Stockholm Metro. The expansion includes nine new stations; Sofia on Södermalm is one of them. The conditions of the site make the station to one of the deepest in the world. This proposal makes use of these conditions to connect the street level and the underground platform level and give the everyday experience of space, atmosphere, light and void a central position. The proposal comprises a hundred meters deep shaft, two elevator shafts, a public square park and train platform.

This study suggests that bus stops be viewed from a perspective that sees them both as elements of mobility and public space. Though bus stops represent a seemingly immobile aspect of mass transit, activities can still occur within such spaces, making possible the notion of waiting time as a rich duration that holds the potential for diverse activities. Through such diverse activities present in bus stops, these spaces can be better perceived as a public space. This research approaches the idea of bus stops as a transit assemblage consisting of diverse human and non-human actors that work together yet remain independent. The gathering of empirical data takes place through observing and recording various human actors at seven bus stops that are a part of three study locations. The research takes a mostly qualitative approach in regard to the collection and analysis of data but also includes minor instances of quantitative analyses to better frame and distinguish the findings. The concept of territorial production is utilized both as a theory to explain how diversity of activities can contribute to public space, and as a method to analyze and explain the data gathered through observations. This research identifies multiple design aspects that may aid the diversification of activities occurring at bus stops. It does this by providing insight into various categories of users and their activities throughout the different bus stop environments selected for investigation. In essence, this study claims that a bus stop environment which is able to accommodate a wider variety of users can allow us to move closer to the perception that bus stops are public spaces. By producing such insightful findings, this study hopes to aid in the planning and design of transit stops and to contribute to the creation of more social bus stop environments.

Kollektivtrafik är en stor del av mångas vardag och en självklar del av staden. Internationellforskning visar att möjligheten för medborgare att delta i kollektivtrafikplaneringen är tämligenlåg. Däremot saknas det kunskap kring hur detta ser ut i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie varatt öka kunskapen kring hur medborgardeltagande kan se ut inom planeringen avkollektivtrafik. Studien syftade även till att skapa en förståelse för hur planering av kollektivtrafiksker i praktiken. För att undersöka detta har en fallstudie av bussprojektet HelsingborgsExpressen iHelsingborg genomförts. Genom en analys av policydokument och intervjuer medtjänstepersoner har det skapats en nyanserad bild av HelsingborgsExpressen samtmedborgardeltagande inom kollektivtrafik.Studien visar att kollektivtrafikplanering utgår från en rationell planeringsmodell som följertydliga planeringsprinciper för att bidra till uppsatta mål. Målet om en ökad andelkollektivtrafikresenärer förekommer ofta inom denna diskurs. Planeringsprocessen förHelsingborgsExpressen har i mångt och mycket liknat detta tillvägagångssätt. Studien visardock att det inom HelsingborgsExpressen till viss del skett en kombination av rationell ochkommunikativ planering. I planeringen genomfördes en dialog på stadsdelen Råå där syftet varatt få reda på hur medborgarna ställde sig till tre olika alternativ för bussens sträckning. Studienvisar också på att en dialog inom kollektivtrafikplanering kan syfta till att informeramedborgare, få tillgång till den lokala kunskapen samt som ett verktyg för en ökad inkluderingav medborgarna. Inom HelsingborgsExpressen framgår det att medborgarnas lokala kunskapär betydelsefull, däremot finns det tvivelaktigheter angående hur kunskapen har använts samtvilken betydelse den har haft i den beslutsfattande processen. / Public transportation is an essential part of many people’s everyday life and a natural segmentof the city. Research outside Sweden shows that the possibility for citizens to participate withinthe planning of public transportation is rather limited. There is a lack of knowledge whetherthis statement applies to a Swedish context or not. The purpose of this study was to contributewith knowledge and understanding to the discourse of citizen participation and the planning ofpublic transportation in Sweden. This has been achieved by a case study of a Bus RapidTransportation project called HelsingborgsExpressen (The Helsingborg Express) in the southernpart of Sweden. A content analysis and interviews with planners has resulted in a nuancedpicture of HelsingborgsExpressen and citizen participation within the public transportationplanning.The study shows that the planning of public transportation is based around a rational planningdiscourse that follows established planning principles and set goals. The goal of a redoubledmarket share for the public transportation occurs frequently within the discourse in question.The planning process for HelsingborgsExpressen is, in many regards, an example of this. Withinthe planning, one opportunity for citizen participation occurred in the district Råå. The purposeof this citizen participation was to let people prioritize amongst three possible routes for the bus.The study also shows that citizen participation within the planning of public transportation canbe used to inform the citizens, access their local knowledge as well as a tool for including thecitizens to a greater extent. Within HelsingborgsExpressen, the study shows that the citizens’local knowledge is valuable, but the question regarding how this local knowledge has been usedin the decision-making process still exists.

An exploration of harmony in architecture, design, and sustainable community development. / Master of Architecture

Tato práce řeší problém implementace asistenčního systému pro podporu zrakově postižených osob v prostředcích hromadné dopravy. Jelikož se jedná pouze o část většího celku (projektu RAMPE), není v této práci pokryta celá problematika, nýbrž pouze její část. Práce je psána z pohledu vývojáře a softwarového architekta. Zlepšuje architekturu dříve vyvinutého projektu, navrhuje nové metody a techniky a přidává do výsledné aplikace nové funkce. Toto však platí pouze pro příslušnou část - práce nemůže a ani si neklade za cíl změnit nebo navrhnout celý systém. To už bylo provedeno jinými autory v minulosti a tato práce je na těchto předchozích výsledcích postavena.

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With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, industrial development and population growth drive the expansion of urban space, urban transportation demand shows the characteristics of spatial decentralization and diversification, and transportation travelers' requirements for mobility, accessibility, and comfort of transportation travel services are enhanced. Mobility on demand (MoD) services such as DiDi and Uber are new modes of public transportation, bringing many new opportunities and challenges. MoD travel services, shared bicycles, and other complementary public transport modes are rapidly developing in the "Internet +" environment, serving the "one mile" before and after the residents' travel. MoD technologies play an important role as a feeder to the main public transportation lines, helping to increase public transportation patronage and improve the speed of travel for residents. In this context, the study aims to develop a multi-modal public transportation system network design methodology to provide better operational coordination between different modes of transportation and to provide faster travel services. In order to promote better coordination between different transportation modes and to provide theoretical and methodological support for the development of a multi-modal public transportation system network design system, a bi-level planning model for this problem is first constructed. The upper-level planning model is used to minimize the total travel time and cost of passengers and the economic cost of public transportation operators, and to decide which bus lines to operate, the structure of bus lines, and the frequency of operating bus lines; the lower-level operating model is used to assign passengers to make travel mode choices and to carry out traffic distribution of the public transportation network based on the minimum number of interchanges. Then, based on this bi-level planning model, an improved genetic algorithm is developed to solve the upper-level public transportation network planning problem, in which the algorithm for passenger flow allocation in the lower-level planning model is nested in the genetic algorithm.  Finally, the developed methodology is validated for the benchmark Mandl network design by comparing with the traditional public transportation network. The results show that the multi-modal public transportation network can effectively reduce passenger travel time compared with the traditional public transportation network at similar costs. Finally, we applied the network design method for the Barkarby area in the north of Stockholm, Sweden. The results show that it is appropriate to allocate mobility on demand vehicles in this area. The constructed model and the proposed algorithm are scientifically valid and can provide theoretical methodological reference and decision support for engineering practice.

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