This paper deals with the process of “democratization” of higher education at the conservative modernization experience by Brazil in the current context. It aims to discuss the details given by the socio-economic situation and policy at the times of implementation of affirmative policies in Brazil, presenting them as access facilitation mechanisms that do not absorb the demand built historically. To this end, through perception analysis environment through the content contained in the 2004 Multi-Year Plan to 2007 and from 2008 to 2011 becomes important precisely because they present themselves as strategic mechanisms of the state to promove the development of the nation that moves thought the very process of democratization of access, be it done thought the HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) public or private. The idea, therefore, is to discuss the access according to the situation evidenced by the conservative modernization. Using the content analysis method comes to the conclusion , from the data collected from the Multi-annual plans and their evaluation reports, that the process of Access and expansion of higher education at the conservative modernization did not include democratic and unrestricted manner making , therefore , through the partnership arrangements between the public and private sectors. In this, insertion policies through the public sphere are ultimately limiting access while the type of cut constructed to have the right to student finance through private higher education institutions not build prejudiced aspect that the quots themselves can represent. / O presente trabalho versa sobre o processo de “democratização” do ensino superior ante a modernização conservadora vivenciada pelo Brasil no contexto atual. Ele tem como objetivo principal discutir os pormenores apresentados pela conjuntura socioeconômica e política à época da implantação das políticas afirmativas no Brasil, apresentando-as como mecanismos de facilitação do acesso que não absorvem a demanda construída historicamente. Para tanto, a percepção através da análise da conjuntura através do conteúdo contido nos Planos Plurianuais de 2004 a 2007 e de 2008 a 2011 torna-se importante justamente porque eles se apresentam como mecanismos estratégicos de Estado para promover o desenvolvimento da nação que perpassa pelo próprio processo de democratização do acesso, seja ele feito através das IES (Instituições de Ensino Superior) públicas ou privadas. A ideia, portanto, é discutir o acesso de acordo com a conjuntura evidenciada pela modernização conservadora. Utilizando-se do método de análise de conteúdo chega à conclusão, a partir dos dados coletados dos Planos Plurianuais e seus relatórios de avaliação, de que o processo de acesso e expansão do ensino superior ante a modernização conservadora não fez incluir de forma democrática e irrestrita, fazendo-se, portanto, através do regime de parceria entre os setores público e privado. Nisso, as políticas de inserção através da esfera pública terminam sendo limitadoras do acesso enquanto que o tipo de recorte construído para ter o direito ao financiamento estudantil através das instituições de ensino superior privadas não constrói o aspecto preconceituoso que as cotas em si podem representar.

The paper examines attempts to professionalize and institutionalize lobbying in Poland and the Czech Republic from the beginning of the 1990s to 2016, from the point of view of the sociology of professions, the sociology of public policy-making and interpretative policy analysis. First, on the basis of an analysis of the professional paths of 80 Polish and Czech commercial lobbyists, it presents their common typology for both countries and shows how efforts to gain recognition and enhance their professional status, i.e. efforts to professionalize lobbying, are linked to their pursuit of political legitimacy. Then it shows lobbying as a specific way of constructing the political activity of private actors as a policy problem. It illustrates the conditions under which lobbying in both countries was constructed as a problem and set on the agenda. In doing so, the dissertation pays particular attention to the role of transnational actors in this process. Finally, lobbying regulation processes are analysed as arenas where the symbolic boundary between the public and private spheres is negotiated and redefined.

Sustainable urbanization is crucial for the Agenda 2030. The purpose of this study is to provide insights into how organizational structures of public institutions can be optimized for sustainable urban development.  This study utilizes an explorative research design. A cross-case analysis had been chosen to investigate cross-sector collaboration for environmentally sustainable urban development by studying two areas in Malmö: Västra Hamnen and Sege Park. Cross-sector Collaboration and Community Governance theories are selected as a foundation of the study. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with municipality representatives, residents, representatives of the third organizations, and external experts in sustainable urban development. Thematic coding was used to identify patterns in the interviews, and was followed by the empirical analysis.  The present study uncovered key findings related to public governance, sustainability evaluation, cross-sector collaboration and communication in complex sustainable development projects. The findings indicate that balancing stakeholder interests with project’s requirements and embodying the responsibilities of each actor in formal agreements followed by interim follow-ups are vital for successful cross-sector collaboration in sustainable development. Another finding suggests that sustainability should be a central element in a municipality's strategy, as politics and power dynamics play a significant role. In the studied cases the use of climate-friendly materials in construction fell short due to industry lobbying and the lack of national regulations. Finally, the research reveals contradictions between environmental and economic sustainability, as well as environmental and social sustainability. These contradictions, though, are arguably solvable with proper project management and cross-sector communication. Overall, there is room for improvement in recognizing the need for socially just and inclusive development that prioritizes the desires and well-being of the people. These findings shed light on the complex nature of sustainable urban development and emphasize the importance of aligning diverse interests to achieve long-term environmental and social goals.

<p>  </p> <p>Food systems are facing unprecedented challenges and need reforms to be more efficient and provide safe and nutritious food from farm to fork. In this dissertation, I present new empirical evidence on different strategies to tackle two critical problems of food systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): food contamination and the inefficient delivery and use of subsidized agricultural inputs. The first essay measures demand and network effects for a newly available technology called Aflasafe that delivers credence attributes (i.e., benefits difficult or impossible to observe and measure even after frequent use of the technology). The second essay exploits a policy change in Malawi to estimate the efficiency of public and private channels at distributing inputs to smallholder farmers. I use a panel dataset covering the period from 2010 to 2016 and a difference-in-differences (DID) framework to estimate the impact of the policy change on procurement of subsidized fertilizer, efficiency and service quality, agricultural productivity, and the household’s decision to purchase commercial fertilizer. The third essay identifies a series of constraints faced by smallholder farmers in Senegal and assesses which ones are associated with chemical and microbial contaminants in groundnut (peanut).</p>

The ideas of Richard Sennett in his most influential book The Fall of Public Man from 1974 are many, but the main point is that the resolution of the lines between the public life and the private life has affected society, the democracy and individuals in a negative way. The main point of this essay is to understand the nature of Sennet’s thinking, ideas and philosophy and how they are connected. I am focusing on the true nature of the way he is formulating the issues and conflicts he is dealing with. Even though Sennett is a very influential thinker, very few people actually have analyzed his works, especially The Fall of Public Man. “Res publica” is the Roman expression of the bigger responsibility each citizen has in a society that goes beyond themselves. This is when you are a part of something bigger than yourself, your friends and your family, you are a part of a close connected community and society. You are not strangers to each other, you are all one. This is exactly the type of society that sociology professor of London School of Economics Richard Sennett means has gone away. Richard Sennett is often described as a person standing on the left on the political scale when it comes to economics and at the same time culturally conservative. The result of this essay shows that Richard Sennett blames industrial capitalism, secularism and urban planning for the new modern society when the distinction between public life and private life has gone away. This is the new kind of society in the western world where people shifted focus from an extrovert personality to an introvert one, a world where we are trapped in our own minds instead of stepping out of it and actually living in it. Many times, the sociology professor goes back to the mid 18th century to understand the thriving public life in Paris and London. My theoretical perspective is based upon Collingwoods thoughts about question and answer which you need to understand the question in order to understand the thinker's answer. You could call Sennett either a nostalgic or a very sharp critic of the modern world, it all depends on how much you resonate and believe in his ideas.

This study aimed to provide evidence on knowledge of attitudes toward standard precautions (SPs) and its practice of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in government and private hospitals in Botswana. It utilised descriptive cross-sectional methodology. A range of significant findings were revealed. Good practice of SPs was noted more amongst the HCWs in government than in private hospitals. Knowledge of SPs amongst HCWs in government hospital was significantly and positively correlated to good practice of SPs. Registered Nurses (RNs) had better knowledge of SPs than HealthcareAssistants (HCAs).There was no significant difference between RNs and HCAs practice of SPS and attitudes toward the same. No significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of SPs was noted between General Practitioners (GPs) and RNs. No significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of SPs was observed between GPs and HCAs. The study findings have implications for the application of SPs in practice / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

L'ordre juridique international appréhende une collectivité infra-étatique comme un organe de l'État souverain. Cette logique classique d'assimilation, guidée par une lecture étatiste des rapports internationaux, y conditionne les opérations d'identification d'un engagement en raison d'un acte juridique, d'imputation d'un fait illicite et d'établissement d'une capacité à ester en justice. Dans ce contexte, une collectivité infra-étatique ne dispose pas d'une personnalité juridique propre, réserve faite du cas particulier des collectivités fédérées. Originellement internationaux, les ordres juridiques de l'Union européenne (U.E.) et du Conseil de l'Europe conservent une part de cet héritage. Toutefois, l'incorporation des collectivités infra-étatiques à cet édifice juridique régional, certes encore dominé par les États, les hisse progressivement au rang d'actrices singulières. L'autonomisation des deux ordres juridiques européens à l'égard de ces mécanismes internationaux classiques et la réalisation du principe d'immédiateté amènent alors à reconsidérer la pertinence d'une assimilation systématique des collectivités infra-étatiques à la figure de l'État et à prendre plus régulièrement en compte leur personnalité juridique distincte, telle que consacrée en droit interne. Cette logique nouvelle de personnification, qui trouve à s'exprimer dans une dimension verticale (i.e. dans les rapports entre les ordres juridiques internes et européens) et horizontale (i.e. dans les rapports entre les ordres juridiques internes des États) reste encore imparfaite. / The international legal system perceives a sub-state collectivity as a sovereign State's organ. This classical logic of assimilation, led by a statist perception of international relations, conducts the operations of identification of a commitment due to a juridical act, attribution of a wrongful act and acceptance of standing. In this context, a sub-state collectivity is not considered as a juridical person, subject to the particular situation of federated collectivities. Originally international, European Union's (E.U.) and Council of Europe's legal systems retain a measure of this heritage. However, the incorporation of sub-state collectivities in this regional legal system, admittedly still dominated by States, raises them gradually to the rank of singular actresses. The empowerment of both European legal systems from these classical international mechanisms and the realization of the principle of immediacy bring to reconsider the relevance of a systematic assimilation of the sub-state collectivities as insignificant parts of State and take account of their own juridical personality, such as established by domestic law. This new logic of personification, which develops vertical (i.e. relations between European and domestic legal systems) and horizontal dimensions (i.e. relations between domestic legal systems) is still imperfect. When they're not considered as State's organs, sub-state collectivities are sometimes perceived as individuals, who try to satisfy their own interests without any reference to general interest.

Cette thèse prend la forme de quatre essais. Elle présente une analyse de la performance ex-post des entreprises européennes qui ont fermé leur capital en le privatisant. Le sujet de la « trajectoire ex-post des Buyouts européennes » est assez vaste, c’est pour cela que nous avons essayé de l’étudier et de l’analyser à travers des perspectives différentes et en utilisant différentes méthodes quantitatives.Au cours de notre étude nous utilisons à la fois des mesures objectifves et perceptuelles pour établir les performances de ces entreprises et pour trouver les raisons pour lesquelles elles ont une meilleure performance. Ce recueil d’essais aborde ces problématiques, assez reliées les unes avec les autres, qui concernent la performance ex-post des sociétés européennes qui ont subi un procès de privatisation de leur capital avec des transactions qui les font passer du domaine publique au domaine privé (PTP). Les trois premiers essais concernent leurs performances économiques ; et les relations de leurs performances financières avec : l'évaluation de l'innovation ; l'application des techniques de gestion comme l’organisation apprenante (LO) ; et la mise en œuvre de la Responsabilité Social des Entreprises (RSE). Le comportement du marché dans quatre pays européens pendant le même période est également étudié dans le quatrième essai. Un comportement grégaire de ces marchés pendant la crise a été observé.Les résultats présentés sont soutenus par des preuves descriptives et quantitatives importantes et substantielles. L'hypothèse sous-jacente commune testée qui est celle que établient les entreprises ayant subi un procès PTP ont de meilleurs résultats dans la période ex-post, et qu’elles obtiennent une meilleure performance dans les champs de l'innovation, des LO et de la RSE, est bien prouvé / This dissertation, takes the form of four essays. It presents an analysis of the ex-post performance of the European companies that have gone private. “Ex-post journey of the European Buyouts” is a broad topic, which we tried to investigate and analyze through different perspectives using different quantitative methods.We have used both objective and perception based measures to dig out the performance and reach out the possible reasons behind their better performance. This collection of essays addresses the research questions, which are much related to each other, concerning the ex-post performance of European companies after public-to-private (PTP) transactions. The first three essays concern their economic performance, and linkage of their financial performance with: the assessment of innovation and application of management techniques like Learning Organization (LO), implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The market behaviour in the Four European countries during the similar period is also investigated in the fourth essay. We found the herd behavior in these markets during crisis.The results presented are supported by large and substantial descriptive and quantitative evidence. The common underlying hypothesis which we wished to test, that PTP firms perform better in the ex-post period and show better on the scales of innovation, LO and CSR, is well

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Andrade Garcia.pdf: 2111056 bytes, checksum: d37b3c38bbaddcd5f6d9ce8f1fac6eb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / This present research was conducted on the current context of implementing AMAs Assistência Médica Ambulatorial (Ambulatory Medical Assistance) in the city of São Paulo, specifically that located in Vila Nova Jaguaré zone. This AMA is a partnership between Prefeitura Muncipal de São Paulo and Fundação Faculdade de Medicina. It is a study on this service and the insertion of Social Service on this scenario. The field research was developed at AMA-Jaguaré. This study plunged into concepts related to health care, the relationship between private organizations and public assistance, Social Service practice on health care and the professional competence, the work management in a multi-professional team. The methodology has embraced the bibliographic research on the main themes, besides the documental research (laws, manuals and reports), participative investigation and the quantitative/qualitative field research. Concerning the qualitative one, the interview and the semi-structured interview were used in users, employees and professional s approach methodological procedures. The results which were obtained have shown that the service rendered by AMA may have created a new demand within the assistance net, because it showed a search that we can consider as high. We can affirm that there was not a proper projection concerning the assistance demand volume that would be created, considering the limitation of physical space and lack of professionals. Besides, it was evidenced a trend among the users concerning the need of indispensable equipment, such as XR device, for more specific health diagnosis, resulting in a demand of such arrangement. Simultaneously, it was also raised the importance of a higher attention on the reference process, by sending the cases to specialties. In terms of a positive assessment of AMA, it was made explicit the work role from Social Service. Other professionals have recognized it as a differential on user welcome, listening, mediation and attention / A presente pesquisa contextualiza-se no momento atual, de implementação das AMAs - Assistência Médica Ambulatorial na cidade de São Paulo, especificamente daquela situada no bairro de Vila Nova Jaguaré, como parte de uma parceira entre a Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo e a Fundação Faculdade de Medicina. Constitui um estudo sobre esse serviço e a inserção do Serviço Social nesse contexto. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida na AMA Jaguaré, sendo nela aprofundados alguns conceitos relativos à saúde, à relação de organizações privadas com atendimento público, à prática do Serviço Social na saúde, à competência profissional e à gestão do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas centrais, além de pesquisa documental (leis, manuais e relatórios), observação participante e pesquisa de campo quanti-qualitativa. Quanto a esta última, foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos de abordagem de usuários, funcionários e profissionais, questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. A pesquisa foi norteada por algumas questões básicas, levando-se em conta principalmente a forma como foi pensada em São Paulo a questão das Organizações Sociais no âmbito da saúde, na relação público / privado. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o serviço prestado pela AMA pode ter criado uma nova demanda dentro da rede de atendimento, ao ter recebido uma procura que deve ser considerada alta. Pode-se afirmar que não foi feita uma projeção adequada do volume da demanda de atendimento que seria criada, tanto se considerando a limitação do espaço físico como a insuficiência de profissionais. Além disso, constatou-se entre os usuários um consenso sobre a necessidade de equipamentos indispensáveis, tais como aparelho de RX para diagnósticos de saúde mais específicos, tendo sido reivindicada essa providência. Foi levantada também, paralelamente, a importância de maior atenção ao processo de referência, com a realização de encaminhamentos para especialidades. Em termos de avaliação positiva da AMA, explicitouse o papel do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Serviço Social, que foi reconhecido pelos outros profissionais como um diferencial na abordagem, na escuta, na mediação e no acolhimento do usuário

在大多數人的日記經驗中，藏匿、上鎖、被偷窺後的憤怒總是如影隨形，因為所有說不出與不能說的秘密，都被寄情於日記之中。然而隨著網路普及，越來越多的基本生活需求可藉由網路滿足後，傳統的紙本日記也開始轉以網路作為記載與儲存的媒介，成了任何人都可公開遊賞的園地。 / 本文基於研究者本身在網路日記社群三年來的親身書寫參與經驗，以「愛情國小」作為主要研究場域，除了以日記作為文本分析的對象外，並深入訪談重度使用者以及退用者，以瞭解使用者如何處理既公開又私密的網路日記書寫。本文自日記在東西方的歷史發展出發，先行定位私密在日記中扮演的角色，再輔以從社會心理學層面對秘密本質的探討，來重新探討公開與私密的問題。最後以Goffman分析日常生活之人際互動的戲劇理論為本，佐以社會學中的陌生人理論，解析人們如何在公開的網路日記裡進行表演，其間的變與不變。 / 顛覆了傳統紙本日記之私密形式的公開網路日記，之所以能為日記書寫者接受或喜愛，無非是它既能滿足日記書寫的基本需求，同時又能在日記書寫之餘創造與他人社交互動的樂趣。雖然紙本日記「自我忠實紀錄」之要素，必須仰賴將他人隔離的秘密形式才得以達成，但日記書寫者仍是企圖向日記中想像的對象揭露公開，解決秘密無處可訴的焦慮。而網路日記不僅隔離了現實生活中的親友熟人，更進一步為日記書寫者帶來了能提供積極聆聽，並能給予回應互動的具體觀眾。這些網路上似近實遠、似遠實近的陌生人，讓網路日記書寫者願意公開與之分享私密自我，並且無須擔憂網路日記紀錄的後台面向會對現實生活之前台演出造成破壞。換言之，網路日記既有公開面對觀眾、在意觀眾反應的前台特性，亦有自現實生活前台角色解放、呈現私密自我的後台性質，實則為一結合了公開與私密、前台與後台之「私密自我的展演」的中間地帶。因此，網路日記書寫者只能透過訊息管道的操弄與分寸拿捏，隨著與不同觀眾間親疏遠近的關係變化，揭露不同層面或程度的私密，且更進一步控制與不同觀眾間的心理距離。 / Diaries, on which personal matters are inscribed, are defined as a literary form that is written for oneself and therefore are kept privately, some even locked up, to avoid prying. However, the privateness, the distinguishing characteristic of diaries, has abated since the prevalent internet has become one of the media of storing content of diaries. The study is to investigate how diary writers coping with the conflict between the privateness and publicness in online diaries. / This study is based on the personal online diary writing experience of the author for three years in "Love School" ( http://love.youthwant.com.tw), the field of this study. The interviews with nine persons, including heavy users and dropouts that had ever been indulgent in Love School, are the main qualitative analysis material with some online diaries for textual analysis. / Beginning from exploring the changes in the nature of diaries both in eastern and western history, the study proceeds with probing to the characteristic of secrecy to comprehend that diaries inherently are both public and private. Moreover, Goffman's theory of human interaction in daily life and Simmel's of strangers offer steppingstones to detail the features—interacting and sharing intimacy with others unknown—of writing diaries on public internet. / Briefly speaking, the prevailing phenomenon of online diaries reveals that making diaries public can satisfy the needs of recording private life and of social contact simultaneously. Despite that traditional diary is kept away from anyone to ensure frankness, all the diary writers indeed still reveal themselves in it to some object(s), real or imaginary. Online diaries not only can exclude, if writers want, people who know them in person, but also bring in the unlimited audience with real feedback. Since the audience is composed of strangers, somehow far enough not to reach online diary writer's everyday life but virtually close to see his/her innermost, the online diary writer doesn't have to be anxious about the destruction of frontstage performances in everyday life, caused by backstage behaviors in diary being revealed. In other words, online diary is a frontstage as well as a backstage, that is, a middle region, where the division of the public and private is blurred. In online diaries, diary writers are able to disclose private selves hidden from frontstage role playing while audience¹s gaze and applause, absent in backstage, is all around. To reconcile the conflict between publicness and privateness, online diary writers master in manipulating information accesses and discretion. Therefore, they can disclose different aspects and degrees of privacy to various audiences according to various relationships, and can be the dominators subsequently to control psychological distances between them.