台灣近十幾年來，社區凝聚意識高漲，各地區的非營利組織也紛紛在社區裡建立緊密的網絡以利互助交流。由於外在競爭者陸續的增加，使得社區型非營利組織必須具備更高的動員性，而為了募集更多的人力和資源，在申請和執行政府補助計畫的方面，也必須保持積極的態度。政府和社區型非營利組織要建構成功的夥伴關係，不僅與政府的政策規劃和執行有關，也與社區型非營利組織本身的特性和運作方式息息相關，故兩者間的協力關係呈現多樣化的面貌。 本研究以基隆市五個執行多元就業開發方案社會型計畫，但發展背景與執行成效有差異的社區發展協會為主要研究對象，探討這五個社區發展協會所發揮之功能與面臨的困境，以及參與多元就業開發方案中與政府的協力關係。 研究發現：（一）社區發展協會功能受限以及面對諸多問題；（二）社區發展協會參與多元就業開發方案帶來正面能量；（三） 社區發展協會參與多元就業開發方案與政府形成合作的模式；（四） 社區發展協會與政府所達成的協力互動關係因組織特質不同而有差異。 研究建議：（一）社區型非營利組織方面：社區發展協會應爭取多方資源，規劃學習型組織以及善用組織行銷（二）公私協力關係方面：社區發展協會應保持自主原則、社區發展協會領導人態度需正面積極、政府部門應以公平的態度對待每個單位、建立平等互惠的協力關係。（三）政策方面：透過社區附權來引導社區組織激發出更多想法與特色，並化為社區實際的能力。 / Over the past few decades, the consciousness of community has surged, the non-profit organizations also have built close network to enhance interaction in the community. Since the numbers of outside competitors have increased, the community non-profit organizations must have higher mobility. To gather more labor and resource, they must stay positive to apply for and execute the government grant programs. To establish a successful partnership between the government and the community non-profit organization, it is about not only the government’s policy and execution, but also the features of the community non-profit organization itself, and its operation way. Therefore, the cooperation of the two has appeared to be diverse. This study takes 5 community development associations which with same execution of multi-employment development social type plan, but different in developing background and executive efficiency as research subjects. Discuss the functions of the 5 communities and difficulties they have encountered, and the cooperation from government in the participation of multi-employment development plan. The research shows that: 1. The function of community development association is limited and also there are many problems they have encountered. 2. The community development association would bring positive energy by participating in multi-employment development plan. 3. The cooperation model between the government and community development associations that participate in multi-employment development plan. 4. There will be differences in the cooperative interaction due to the different organization features of the community development associations and the government. There are four suggestions: 1. For the community non-profit organization: The community development associations should strive for different resources, planning the learning organization and use the organization marketing well. 2. Public and private cooperation: The community development associations shall keep the principle of autonomy, the attitude of leader of the community development association has to be positive and aggressive, and the government shall treat every unit fair and establish the equality and mutual benefit of the cooperation. 3. Policy: By community empowerment lead and inspire the community organization with more thoughts and features, making it the practical power of the community.

本研究旨在探討大台北地區（台北縣與台北市）高中英語科教師在選擇教材時，可能會考量到的因素，其研究重點在於了解不同學校類型（公、私立，與城、鄉學校）以及資深與年輕老師在選擇教材時，是否有其不同的考量因素。 本研究主採問卷調查，佐以訪談方式進行。除就大台北地區二十七所公、私立高中英語科教師做抽樣調查外，並針對十位教師及六位教科書編撰者進行深入訪談，希望藉此進一步了解教師們與教科書編撰者所考量的因素為何，並探討兩者所考量的因素是否有其相關性。本研究最後歸納出結論如下： 1. 學生的英語程度與學習需求以及英語文的正確與自然度是老師與教材編撰者共同考量的因素。 2. 選擇教材時，公立高中的英文老師重視經銷人員的服務態度與售後服務以及教材的配套完整。而私立高中的英文老師重視大學聯考的導向以及學校教育政策。 3. 選擇教材時，任教於城市的高中英文老師重視經銷人員的服務態度與售後服務、溝通式教學法的理念以及教科書所涵蓋的文化層面。而任教於鄉鎮的高中英文老師重視老師本身多重職務角色之扮演（教學、導師或其他行政職務）、教學信念跟語文能力以及教材的價格是否合宜。 4. 選擇教材時，資深與年輕老師所考量的因素並沒有很大的差異。 整體來說，在選擇教材時，內在因素例如英語文的正確性、教材的編輯原理與組織架構仍是老師們最主要的考量。然而外在因素例如學生的英語程度、大學聯考的導向、學校教育政策、以及經銷人員的服務態度，亦是老師在選擇教材時所會考量到因素。因此本研究建議出版社在編撰教科書時也應考量到外在因素，使其教科書更趨於完善，更能符合老師與學生的需求。然而在此同時，老師們也應加強自己的專業知識，使其在選擇教材時能做出最正確的判斷。 / The present study was aimed at investigating what factors English teachers of senior high schools in greater Taipei area took into consideration when selecting textbooks, with particular focus on the comparison of differences between public and private schools, urban and rural schools, and senior and young teachers. Meanwhile, textbook compilers’ considerations were also explored to see if their concerns were in accordance with those of teachers. The questionnaire survey was the main research method of the present study. Moreover, the interview method was also conducted to probe further information. In total, 10 English teachers and 6 textbook compilers were interviewed in the present research. Based on the findings of the present study, four crucial points were concluded as suggested. 1. Most students’ English proficiency and learning needs as well as accurate and proper English were the primary concerns of the general English teachers and textbook compliers. 2. When selecting textbooks, public school teachers emphasized salespersons’ service and the textbook’s intact package, whereas private school teachers considered Joint College Entrance Examination, and school’s leadership more. 3. Likewise, urban school teachers took salespersons’ service, Communicative Approach and cultural component into more account than rural school teachers who were more concerned about teachers’ various roles such as teachers, mentors or administrative personnel, their own English proficiency, and textbooks’ price. 4. However, no significant differences were found between senior teachers and young teachers. Generally speaking, internal factors such as appropriateness, naturalness of English, and rationale, organization of the textbook were the primary concerns for senior high English teachers in textbook selection. However, English teachers of senior high schools were also concerned about external factors such as English proficiency and learning needs, Joint College Entrance Examination, school’s leadership, and salespersons’ service. Therefore, it is suggested that publishing companies should take external factors into more consideration to ensure that textbook being compiled can be more comprehensive in all aspects and be related to needs of both teachers and students. Meanwhile, teachers should take a firm stance based on their updated professional knowledge in making any sound judgments related to textbook selection and evaluation.

The translationally relevant aim of this PhD is to account for the genre conventions of the LCLF mainly related to the persuasive and directive functions, by analyzing a bilingual corpus of parallel texts according to the method of contrastive textology. Genre conventions in this case are considered by sender types (public vs. private) and subtexts (text constituents functionally, semantically and formally defined) on the hypothesis that they will vary more depending on the sender type than on the language.The intralinguistic and interlinguistic analysis of the macrostructure and the recurrent textual segments, as well as of the functions (persuasive, referential and directive) characterizing both the LCLF as a persuasive leaflet and its three subtexts does not confirm the hypothesis. It does reflect, however, that the directive and persuasive functions prevail respectively in the public and private sender leaflets, as well as in those belonging to the Spanish and German subcorpora. / Esta tesis se plantea el objetivo traductivamente relevante de dar cuenta de las convenciones del FCIE, vinculadas principalmente a las funciones persuasiva y directiva, analizando un corpus bilingüe de textos paralelos según el método de la textología contrastiva. Dichas convenciones se ven consideradas por tipos de emisor (público y privado) y subtextos (unidades constitutivas del texto funcional, semántica y formalmente definidas) a partir de la hipótesis de que diferirán más dependiendo del tipo de emisor que de la lengua.El análisis intralingüístico e interlingüístico de la macroestructura y los segmentos textuales recurrentes, así como de las funciones (persuasiva, referencial y directiva) que caracterizan tanto el FCIE, en cuanto que folleto persuasivo, como sus tres subtextos no permite confirmar esa hipótesis. No obstante, sí evidencia cómo las funciones directiva y persuasiva priman respectivamente en los ejemplares de emisor público y privado, así como en los de los subcorpus español y alemán.

This study explores models for the reform of higher education in Egypt, and warns of potential consequences arising from the adoption of models based exclusively on the requirements of the knowledge economy and which fail to take account of the public role of national universities, socio-cultural realities and local as well as global pressures. The overall aim of the research is to identify the prerequisites for higher education reform in Egypt and the characteristics of a tailor-made reform model. It explores the role of higher education in Egypt, within the context of international organisations’ reform models for less-developed countries, and identifies the remits of the knowledge economy and knowledge society as frameworks for reforming higher education. This research has sought to answer questions on current conceptions of the role of higher education in Egypt and how these are being challenged by stakeholders. An exploratory study was designed using mixed methods. The research aim and objectives are achieved through a five-stage research process. The findings showed a general discontent among students and academics with higher education, and a near unanimity on the need for reform, particularly in the areas of teaching methods, curricula and university staff. The findings demonstrated that cultural issues deeply rooted in Egyptian society are preventing reform from being effective. The reform of higher education in Egypt should not only be part of an economic development vision, but a wider strategic vision for societal and cultural reform too. Reforming higher education in Egypt is a challenge, which will require consistent methodological rigour and a transformation of the current corrupted education culture prior to implementing the proposed OECD recommendations, or at the very least concurrent with any implementation.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 72050100749.pdf: 1264737 bytes, checksum: f5bebbe5b914d67a52fdd38705a006eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-25T00:00:00Z / This study is carrying out an exploratory survey of actions in enterprises, institutes and foundations from enterprises jointly with the Child and Adolescent Rights Councils. It analyses also the articulation among market agents, non-governmental agencies and public authorities in actions related to these instancies through tax incentive contributions for the Childhood and Adolescent Funds, as well as encouragements from the enterprising sphere. It was select as a case study the Minas de Bons Conselhos project impelled by Celular Telemig Institute from 2001 to 2005, which contributed to institutionalization of Child and Adolescent Rights Municipal Councils, and Tutorial Councils in Minas Gerais State, rising the Pró-Conselho Brasil program of national range. The study exhibits a way of articulation among governmental, non-governmental agencies and of enterprises in the council sphere, on a non-restricted appropriation of public space by private economic interests. / O trabalho realiza um levantamento exploratório de ações de empresas, institutos e fundações de empresas junto a Conselhos de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e analisa a articulação entre atores oriundos do mercado, entidades não governamentais e poder público em ações relacionadas a essas instâncias, a partir do incentivo fiscal existente para doação aos Fundos da Infância e da Adolescência e motivações advindas no âmbito empresarial. Selecionou-se para estudo de caso o Projeto Minas de Bons Conselhos, promovido pelo Instituto Telemig Celular, no período de 2001 a 2005, o qual contribuiu para a institucionalização dos Conselhos Municipais de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e de Conselhos Tutelares no Estado de Minas Gerais, inspirando o Programa Pró-Conselho Brasil, de abrangência nacional. O estudo explicita um modo de articulação entre agentes governamentais, não governamentais e empresariais no âmbito dos Conselhos não redutível à apropriação do espaço público pelo poder privado.

Mercados financeiros e finanças corporativas / Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-21T20:09:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100021.pdf: 1579434 bytes, checksum: 48ff2e28230b8ab64ed6919d82c68a84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-23T11:37:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100021.pdf: 1579434 bytes, checksum: 48ff2e28230b8ab64ed6919d82c68a84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-23T11:39:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100021.pdf: 1579434 bytes, checksum: 48ff2e28230b8ab64ed6919d82c68a84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-23T12:18:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100021.pdf: 1579434 bytes, checksum: 48ff2e28230b8ab64ed6919d82c68a84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-15 / This study investigates the dynamics of earnings management of Brazilian companies previously to their going private operations in the period of 1999 from 2009. Three main issues are investigated: the type of operation (LBO or Acquisition), the periods in which occur significant manipulation and the legislation change in 2001, which main goal was to cohibit the abusive rebuying of shares by the companies that wanted to go private prior to the going-private operation. The sample is composed of 132 companies that went private from 1999 to 2009 and the data were quarterly collected ranging five years. We found evidence that the sample firms manipulated their earnings approximately two years before going private. Also, some results show that there are differences in the direction of earnings management depending on the type of public-to-private operation: LBOs firms tended to manage their earnings up, as well as the companies that were acquired by their controlling firms, while the other acquisitions showed signs of downward manipulations. Finally, we found evidence that the legislation change in 2001 not only might have changed the pattern of firm´s manipulation but has also increased earnings management right after its effective date. / Esse trabalho investiga a dinâmica da manipulação de resultados de empresas brasileiras que fecharam o capital no período de 1999 a 2009. Dentre os fatores investigados estão o tipo de fechamento (OPA, aquisição, aquisição por controladoras), o período de manipulação e a mudança que a Lei nº 10.303/2001 (cujo objetivo era coibir o fechamento branco de capital) teria sobre o gerenciamento. A amostra utilizada é composta de 132 empresas que realizaram o fechamento no período citado, sendo o ciclo de dados coletado para cada empresa de vinte trimestres. Foram achados indícios de que essas empresas manipularam seus ganhos aproximadamente dois anos antes de seu fechamento. Além disso, foram encontradas evidências de diferença de direção de manipulação para os tipos de fechamento: empresas cujos fechamentos ocorreram através de OPA, assim como as que sofreram aquisição por suas controladoras, tenderiam a manipular seus ganhos para baixo, enquanto que as demais aquisições se caracterizariam por terem seus resultados adulterados para cima. Por fim, foram achados indícios de que a Lei nº 10.303/2001 tenha alterado o comportamento de manipulação contábil das empresas e de que houve um aumento de manipulação logo em seguida à sua vigência.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Ita de Fatima.pdf: 2325966 bytes, checksum: 4a633fde59c90c211c2018abf7822cd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-02 / This study, which has as theme The path between the public and the Private: a study of the FIMES context , is settled in the Research area: State and Educational Policies of the Postgraduate Program in Education, Federal University of Goiás. It discusses and investigates the administrative classification and the legal nature of the educational institutions of Higher Education and, especially, the Fundação Integrada Municipal de Ensino Superior - FIMES, in relation to the public and private category. The research has as main objectives to reconstitute the FIMES history and to analyze the public/private relationship which permeates the origin of the Institution. The following research issues are raised: How has the sustainability of FIMES been planned since its origin? The higher education institutions which were created by the municipal public power but are not kept by it, are considered public or private? The theoretical-methodological reference focuses the educational legislation, both Brazilian and from the state of Goiás, as well as authors who have contributed to the debate related to educational policies, mainly those related to the politics which consolidates the public and the private relationship in the higher education. The investigation relies on the qualitative research, with the support of document analysis as well as semi-structured interviews, which were carried out with the subjects, who were involved with the project of the creation of FIMES: its idealization, settlement as an institution and the first years it operated. When bringing the institution history, the dilemma lived by FIMES is presented, since its origin, emphasizing the latest years, from 2006 on, in relation to the public/private category and the ways of financing the institution. A few possibilities are identified and analyzed using the current legislation, so as to solve this legal/institutional deadlock, which, however, depends on the decision of the Municipal Public Power, once the Institution was created by a municipal law, but it is maintained, among other projects, by students tuition. / A presente pesquisa, cujo tema é O Caminho entre o Público e o Privado: um Estudo de Contextualização da FIMES, situa-se na Linha de Pesquisa: Estado e Políticas Educacionais, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Problematiza e investiga a classificação administrativa e a natureza jurídica das fundações educacionais de ensino superior e, de modo especial, a Fundação Integrada Municipal de Ensino Superior - FIMES, em relação à categoria público e privado. A pesquisa tem como objetivos principais reconstituir a história da FIMES e analisar a relação público/privado que permeia a origem da Instituição. Levanta-se como problema de pesquisa o seguinte questionamento: como foi planejado a sustentabilidade da FIMES desde sua origem? As fundações educacionais de ensino superior, criadas pelo poder público municipal, mas não mantidas por ele, são públicas ou privadas? O referencial teórico-metodológico focaliza a legislação educacional, brasileira e goiana, bem como autores que têm contribuído para o debate acerca das políticas educacionais, principalmente, relativos à política que consolida a relação público e privado no ensino superior. A investigação pauta-se na pesquisa qualitativa, subsidiada pela análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, colhidas junto aos sujeitos, todos eles envolvidos com o projeto de criação da FIMES: a sua idealização, implantação como fundação e primeiros anos de funcionamento. Na historicização da fundação, apresenta-se o dilema vivido pela FIMES, desde a sua origem, ressaltando-se os últimos tempos, ou seja, a partir de 2006, com relação à categoria público/privado e as formas de financiamento da Instituição. Identificam-se e analisam-se algumas possibilidades, perante a legislação vigente, para a solução desse impasse jurídico/institucional, o que, no entanto, depende de decisão do Poder Público Municipal, uma vez que a Fundação foi criada por lei municipal, mas é mantida, dentre outros projetos, por mensalidades de alunos.

The diploma thesis is concerned with the problems of PPP projects (Public Private Partnership) in the countries of Visegrad Four. The term PPP can be understood as a cooperation of public and private sector. The principal aim of cooperation is to ensure public infrastructure and services. First part of thesis characterizes coutries of Visegrad Four, explains principles and benefits of PPP and informs about main countries and sectors in which PPP projects are realized. The core of the thesis is the fourth chapter which analyzes and evaluates V4 coutries on the basis of several criteria (legislation, institutional support, methodics and realized projects) and attempts to find out if those criteria influence the implementation and number of PPP projects in V4. Final part points out that PPP projects can be helpful for states in times of financial crisis to finance services or infrastructure if they do not have enough money.

The territory lies in the City of Brno, in the urban district of Zábrdovice. From the east it is demarcated by the Svitava River, from the south by the Cejl Street, and from the west by the Jan Svoboda Street. Its area is approximately 18,790 m2. From the standpoint of urban planning¸ the intensive house is a separate city block, which is, nevertheless, open in the eastern direction towards the Svitava River, thus communicating with the embankment. In the other direction there is both private and semi-private space inside the block as a relaxation green “garden” in several levels. The mass of the object links up in the prolonged line with the existing neighbouring blocks and thus respects the integrity of the territory. Intensive use of the territory consists in the achievement of high density of built-up area, and at the same time preserving the surroundings of quality for life and habitation. Functions are mixed here and a city of short distances is created here with nearly excluded traffic. In order to achieve such intensity, space urbanism is employed. The principle consists in a simple linear form of masses respecting the shape of the lot, which is vivified with an ellipsoid located in the courtyard, which is an accent towards the linear form. The ellipsoid serves as a small cultural and exhibition centre, at the same time connecting all the arms of the defining block and bringing daylight to the first floor. The block is open in the direction to the river and its half-public space is connected with the embankment with a staircase and verdure. Verdure is also made use of on the roofs. The defining mass is perforated, thus creating covered terraces. The principal architectonic intention was to create an integrated structure, where a significant role is played by the introduction of nature and polyfunctionality to the whole territory, thus increasing its attractivity. From the dispositional perspective the individual functions interpenetrate at al

This study aimed to provide evidence on knowledge of attitudes toward standard precautions (SPs) and its practice of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in government and private hospitals in Botswana. It utilised descriptive cross-sectional methodology. A range of significant findings were revealed. Good practice of SPs was noted more amongst the HCWs in government than in private hospitals. Knowledge of SPs amongst HCWs in government hospital was significantly and positively correlated to good practice of SPs. Registered Nurses (RNs) had better knowledge of SPs than HealthcareAssistants (HCAs).There was no significant difference between RNs and HCAs practice of SPS and attitudes toward the same. No significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of SPs was noted between General Practitioners (GPs) and RNs. No significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of SPs was observed between GPs and HCAs. The study findings have implications for the application of SPs in practice / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)