The thesis focuses on the subject Optimality of Maastricht fiscal criteria in the light of the economic theory. The first chapter presents the functions of public finances and the discrepancies in their understanding. It is aiming at some types of public deficits and their consequences. It introduces the topics concerning possiblities of public debt solving, Maastricht criteria and Stability and Growth Pact observance. The second chapter brings the opinions about unappropriate current fiscal criteria and offers many alternative possibilities to calculate them. The third chapter presents the European Commission prediction of public finances sustainability in Europe compared to the predictions in stability and convergence programmes of European countries. The second part of the last chapter focuses on the empirical analysis of different scenarios of public finances and other indicators development. The scenarios include fiscal arithmetic used for the Maastricht fiscal convergence criteria determination.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Western Ontario, 1998. / Vita: p. 153. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-152). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39832.pdf.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar o déficit público brasileiro. Através da literatura e dos dados pesquisados procurou-se conhecer sua história, composição, magnitude, constituição e principais vulnerabilidades para a economia brasileira. Pesquisaram-se as soluções e estratégias que estão sendo adotadas, não só as econômicas, mas também as legais. Procurou-se responder se estas estratégias poderiam ser aperfeiçoadas e se é possível administrar a dívida pública através de superávits primários que minimizem o impacto sobre o crescimento econômico, fornecendo sugestões. / The present dissertation has the objective to study the Brazilian public deficit, through the literature and the researched data. We looked forward to know its history, composition, magnitude, constitution and main vulnerabilities to of the Brazilian economy.It was searched witch solutions and strategies are being used, not just the economic but also the legal ones. Also we tried to answer weather if those strategies could be improved and if is possible to manage the public debt through the primary superavit that minimize the impact over the economic grown, providing suggestions.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar o déficit público brasileiro. Através da literatura e dos dados pesquisados procurou-se conhecer sua história, composição, magnitude, constituição e principais vulnerabilidades para a economia brasileira. Pesquisaram-se as soluções e estratégias que estão sendo adotadas, não só as econômicas, mas também as legais. Procurou-se responder se estas estratégias poderiam ser aperfeiçoadas e se é possível administrar a dívida pública através de superávits primários que minimizem o impacto sobre o crescimento econômico, fornecendo sugestões. / The present dissertation has the objective to study the Brazilian public deficit, through the literature and the researched data. We looked forward to know its history, composition, magnitude, constitution and main vulnerabilities to of the Brazilian economy.It was searched witch solutions and strategies are being used, not just the economic but also the legal ones. Also we tried to answer weather if those strategies could be improved and if is possible to manage the public debt through the primary superavit that minimize the impact over the economic grown, providing suggestions.

O presente trabalho de dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar o crescimento da dívida pública brasileira no período entre 1994 a 2004. Assim, inicialmente é realizada uma revisão macroeconômica sobre o tema, e posteriormente são expostas políticas fiscal, monetária e cambial adotadas pelo governo nos últimos anos e sua influência sobre o crescimento do déficit público. Finalmente, analisa-se os fatores condicionantes da dívida, bem como eventuais propostas de solução para o problema. / This dissertation analyzes the growth in Brazilian public debt from 1994 to 2004. It begins with a review of the macroeconomic theory on the subject, followed by a description of the fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies adopted by the government in different years, and what influence did these policies have on public deficit growth. In the end, it analyzes the factors that cause the debt, as well as some propositions to solve the problem.

O presente trabalho de dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar o crescimento da dívida pública brasileira no período entre 1994 a 2004. Assim, inicialmente é realizada uma revisão macroeconômica sobre o tema, e posteriormente são expostas políticas fiscal, monetária e cambial adotadas pelo governo nos últimos anos e sua influência sobre o crescimento do déficit público. Finalmente, analisa-se os fatores condicionantes da dívida, bem como eventuais propostas de solução para o problema. / This dissertation analyzes the growth in Brazilian public debt from 1994 to 2004. It begins with a review of the macroeconomic theory on the subject, followed by a description of the fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies adopted by the government in different years, and what influence did these policies have on public deficit growth. In the end, it analyzes the factors that cause the debt, as well as some propositions to solve the problem.

Submitted by Rafael Machado Parente (rparente@fgvmail.br) on 2016-04-25T16:53:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-RafaelParente.pdf: 658314 bytes, checksum: 19e085c3296f2258351a8b6239b7d2a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2016-04-25T19:44:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-RafaelParente.pdf: 658314 bytes, checksum: 19e085c3296f2258351a8b6239b7d2a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-04-27T18:10:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-RafaelParente.pdf: 658314 bytes, checksum: 19e085c3296f2258351a8b6239b7d2a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:10:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-RafaelParente.pdf: 658314 bytes, checksum: 19e085c3296f2258351a8b6239b7d2a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-16 / Population ageing is a problem that countries will have to cope with within a few years. How would changes in the social security system affect individual behaviour? We develop a multi-sectoral life-cycle model with both retirement and occupational choices to evaluate what are the macroeconomic impacts of social security reforms. We calibrate the model to match 2011 Brazilian economy and perform a counterfactual exercise of the long-run impacts of a recently adopted reform. In 2013, the Brazilian government approximated the two segregated social security schemes, imposing a ceiling on public pensions. In the benchmark equilibrium, our modelling economy is able to reproduce the early retirement claiming, the agents' stationary distribution among sectors, as well as the social security deficit and the public job application decision. In the counterfactual exercise, we find a significant reduction of 55\% in the social security deficit, an increase of 1.94\% in capital-to-output ratio, with both output and capital growing, a delay in retirement claims of public workers and a modification in the structure of agents applying to the public sector job.

O presente trabalho de dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar o crescimento da dívida pública brasileira no período entre 1994 a 2004. Assim, inicialmente é realizada uma revisão macroeconômica sobre o tema, e posteriormente são expostas políticas fiscal, monetária e cambial adotadas pelo governo nos últimos anos e sua influência sobre o crescimento do déficit público. Finalmente, analisa-se os fatores condicionantes da dívida, bem como eventuais propostas de solução para o problema. / This dissertation analyzes the growth in Brazilian public debt from 1994 to 2004. It begins with a review of the macroeconomic theory on the subject, followed by a description of the fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies adopted by the government in different years, and what influence did these policies have on public deficit growth. In the end, it analyzes the factors that cause the debt, as well as some propositions to solve the problem.

This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in this debate relates to the effect of the composition of public expenditure on economic growth. Policy makers and some researchers have argued that expenditure on growth-enhancing functions could enhance future revenue and justify the provision of "fiscal space" in the budget. But there are no simple ways to identify the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure. The current paper lays out a research strategy to explore the effects of fiscal policy, including the composition of public expenditure, on economic growth, using a time series approach. Based on the modeling strategy of Greiner, Semmler and Gong (2005) we develop a general model that features a government that undertakes public expenditure on (a) education and health facilities which enhance human capital, (b) public infrastructure such as roads and bridges necessary for market activity, (c) public administration to support government functions, (d) transfers and public consumption facilities, and (e) debt service. The proposed model is numerically solved, calibrated and the impact of the composition of public expenditure on the long-run per capita income explored for low-, lower-middle- and uppermiddle-income countries. Policy implications and practical policy rules are spelled out, the extension to an estimable model indicated, a debt sustainability test proposed, and the out-of-steady-state dynamics studied.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Tormin.pdf: 346753 bytes, checksum: 5cadd7a6e5c0eac0bace7bba20a46e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study is to analyze according to the Keynesian approach the relationship between deficit public, the growth of the public debt, and its implications of the economic activity. The stabilization of the Brazilian economy was followed by deterioration of public finance which the outcome was a severe fiscal disequilibrium and a rise of tax that is not compatible with sustainable economic growth. During the analyzed period, the government through central bank raised interest rate in order to avoid speculation attack against real, in order to limit the devaluation of real, avoiding the so called cost inflation, in order to attract capital inflows to finance the balance of payment, in order to control inflation by reducing consumer expenditure, and the investment expenditure as a result decreasing aggregate demand. The interest rate determined by central bank s reaction raising the finance cost to the government who is the big debtor. This economic policy of high interest rate does not estipulate the economic growth. Besides the maintenance of high interest rate generates volatilities on fiscal budget weakening the government policies against crisis. As government faces difficult time that obligates to raise interest rate the impact on public account is immediately validating the expectation of higher debt since important size of debt relies on the interest rate (Selic), due to maturity shortens and concentration of debt payments. Therefore, the higher the cost of debt on public deficit leads to a smaller impact on aggregate demand and correspond to an increase in the ratio of public debt to gdp, since a good portion of Brazil s debt is denominated in interest rate, representing a source of uncertainty to the economic players which demand a higher risk premium to hold public bonds. In a fiscal policy regime that keeps constant the level of the primary surplus, a financial shock may put the debt ratio along an unstable path and the economy may fall in a bad equilibrium which a negative impact on employment and economic activity / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, sob uma perspectiva keynesiana, a interrelação entre o déficit público, o crescimento da dívida pública e seus reflexos na atividade econômica. A estabilização da economia brasileira foi marcada por um agravamento das finanças públicas cujas conseqüências foram um desequilíbrio fiscal crônico e um aumento da carga tributária incompatível com o crescimento sustentável. Ao longo do período analisado, o governo, via BACEN, elevou as taxas de juros, ora para evitar o ataque especulativo contra o real, ora para limitar a desvalorização do real, evitando a inflação de custo, ora para atrair capital externo para financiar o saldo em conta corrente da balança de pagamento e ora para combater a inflação, reduzindo o consumo e o investimento e, conseqüentemente, a demanda agregada. A taxa de juros determinada pelo BACEN implica um custo financeiro para o governo, que é o grande devedor. Esta política de juros altos não incentiva o crescimento econômico e torna as contas públicas mais vulneráveis às crises. Caso o governo venha a enfrentar uma dificuldade conjuntural que o obrigue a elevar os juros, o impacto nas contas públicas é imediato, devido à indexação dos títulos públicos à taxa de juros, ao encurtamento dos prazos da dívida e à concentração de vencimentos em poucos dias. Nesse sentido, quanto maior a composição financeira do déficit público, menor será o seu efeito na demanda agregada e maior seu impacto na dívida pública interna, representando uma fonte de incerteza para os agentes econômicos, que passam a demandar um prêmio de risco maior para carregar os papéis do governo, com reflexo negativo para o emprego e atividade econômica