La gestion des finances publiques est une composante essentielle du processus de développement. Elle soutient la stabilité fiscale et macro-économique, oriente l'allocation des ressources publiques aux priorités nationales du développement. La faiblesse des systèmes de gestion des finances publiques qui couvre toutes les phases du cycle budgétaire, notamment la préparation, l’exécution du budget et le contrôle interne et l’audit externes pouvant entraîner des pertes réels de ressources. Notre présente recherche analytique propose d’analyser la situation de la gestion des finances publiques en Syrie dans une perspective globale, en étudiant les axes majeurs de la réforme de la gestion des finances publiques entrepris en 2006 et ses impacts sur les orientations générales de développement du pays / Public financials Management is an essential component of better economic governance and development process. It supports the efficient and responsible use of public resources, ensures macroeconomic sustainability, budgetary stability and guides the allocation of resources to meet the national priorities. A weak management of Public financial systems can lead to the loss of resources. Public Financial management covers all phases of budget cycle, including budget preparation, execution, internal controls and external audits. The subject of this analytical research is to analyze with a global perspective the management situation of public financials in Syria by evaluating the main undertaken reform in 2006 of Public Financials Management and its impact on the general development guidelines of the country

The thesis is based on the financing of educational system in the Czech Republic and Denmark, and it focuses on the resources which are associated with this branch. It deals with all levels of the educational system and presents different ways of its financing from public funds. The main attention is given to the comparison of funding systems' structures with emphasis on the differences between the two countries. Following part studies the development of partial and total public expenditures on education, including its relation to the key macroeconomic indicators. In the last part of the thesis I come up with my own ideas of adopting certain elements from Denmark to Czech model of financing education.

The defense spending plays a significant role in the decision-making process of setting up a defense policy. The economy of a state, its performance and development rank among the main factors that influence the size of this public expenditure. At a time of economic stagnation in the Western European countries, the ongoing public debt crisis affects to a ever growing extent all areas of public spending, including the defense. This work aims to contribute to the current knowledge in the field of defense economy and public finance by investigating the influence of the state debt on defense spending. The first part of the work is dedicated to defining the economy of defense and providing a brief summary of its historical development, followed by a discussion of defense as a pure public good. This chapter analyzes the issue of public debt and explains how the major schools of economic theory approach this problem. The second part outlines the previous research in the field of defense spending and debt, their development and the potential relationship with macroeconomic variables. The third chapter presents and discusses the results of empirical research that is based on the theoretical assumptions and models introduced in the first two chapters. The analysis was performed on time series from the period of 1978 to 2011 (34 years) for seven NATO member states: Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, UK and USA. The empirical analysis was performed by the statistical methods of regression and panel regression. The primary hypothesis on the existence of a relationship between the public debt and defense spending was confirmed and the partial hypothesis that this relationship is negative was refuted.

由於人口快速成長使得土地開發行為頻繁，都市在面臨土地開發不公平與無效率，以及可預見未來都市建設財政更行拮据的情況下，提昇都市環境品質的理想似乎遙不可及，因此，針對都市土地開發所面臨的課題，如何建立一套公共設施費用負擔的制度，實刻不容緩。而美國地方政府所實施之土地開發衝擊費制度為都市成長管理之一種策略，隱含都市成長付費及使用者付費理念，似可引入我國都市土地開發系統中，此乃本研究之出發點。 　　本研究之進行，主要針對都市土地開發過程中，透過相關理論、制度探討，從其中檢討開發管制之缺失，並介紹美國土地開發衝擊費制度實施經驗，以其為基礎建立都市成長付費應有之觀念和原則。同時，並透過影響地方公共支出之各種因素分析及市鄉鎮長問卷調查，瞭解人口規模對公共支出的影響效果及市鄉鎮長對土地開發衝擊費之態度。最後，從公平、效率、財政及行政的觀點，探討其在臺灣地區實施之可行性。 　　在問卷調查的結果上，市鄉鎮財政明顯困難，且強烈希望有獨立課稅權；對於課徵土地開發衝擊費則偏向肯定的態度。在公共支出的實證分析上，本研究發現人口規模對地方公共支出有規模經濟與不經濟的現象，其可作為課徵土地開發衝擊費之基礎，而已達規模不經濟之都市，為較適合的實施對象。 　　在可行性分析上，本研究認為必須以立法依據為先決條件，透過合理關聯之計算、具有公信力之仲裁，以及會計支出之有效規範，才能使該制度順推動。 / Rapid population growth results in frequent land development. Improvement of the quality of urban environment seems to be a remote dream due to the unfair and inefficient urban land development and insufficient urban construction expenditures. In this connection, when facing urban land development problem, establishment of a system of sharing the expenditure of public facility construction warrants no delay. The land development impact fees implemented in the local government of the U.S., being a strategy of urban growth management embodies the idea of paying for growth and user charge. This measure deserves to be introduced into our urban land development system for reference and this is also the main starting-point of this study. 　　In the process of this study,its main stress is focused on evaluation of the drawbacks of development control through related and system and introduction of development impact fees system and implementing experience of the U.S.land development into ours. On the basis of that system and experience,the idea of paying for growth and user charge can be established.At the same time, through the analysis of factories of factories affecting local public expenditure and the investigations on questionnaires of chiefs,mayors and magistrates of cities and counties,the impact of population scale on local public expenditures and attitude of these mayors and magistrates toward the land development impact fees can be understood. Finally, whether the above-mentioned U.S.system can be implemented in our country can be examined through fairness, efficiency,financial and administrative points of views. 　　In the results of questionnaires, financial difficulty and strong intentions on independent tax-levying authority were expressed by city and villages.They also expressed a positive attitude of levying the development impact fees.When analyzing the actual case of public expenditures,this study finds out that population scale can results in economics of scale and diseconomics of scale in local public expenditures. This can be served as the basis of levying of land development impact fees and those cities of diseconomies will be suited for implementation. 　　In the analysis on its feasibility,this study considers that the legislation is prerequisite and this system can be implemented through rational nexus calculation, a credit arbitration and defective regulation of accounting expenditure.

This doctoral thesis addresses in a sequence of five essays the question how fiscal policy and economic output are interrelated in emerging Europe and how this relationship is shaped by the respective politico-economic environment and the individual-level support for economic reforms. Following main findings can be highlighted: (1) Countries in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) respond to a fiscal expansion in the euro area with fiscal easing at home, while the GDP response is mixed across countries.(2)Automatic fiscal stabilizers are comparatively small and discretionary fiscal policy has been largely pro-cyclical in CESEE. (3) The public spending and revenue structure is more "growth-friendly" in CESEEthan in the EU-15. (4) In transition economies with more democratic institutions and a better quality of governance, individuals with high market-relevant skills show a significantly larger support of the privatization status quo than individuals with low market skills. (5) The society in Russia - triggered by a lack of social capital - chooses to demand more state regulationand tolerate corruption to reduce negative externalities imposed by private business.(author's abstract)

Submitted by Antonio Donato Netto (netto@nettodonato.com.br) on 2018-01-10T23:02:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MPGPP - Cruzeiro - Antonio Donato Netto - Marcelo Felicio Lo Monaco.pdf: 3785498 bytes, checksum: cd5a79056628443170203df13837f2fa (MD5) / Rejected by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br), reason: Boa noite Antonio, Alguns itens devem ser ajustado de acordo com as normas: 1. O nome Getulio é sem acento. 2. As palavras-chave devem ser separadas por ponto e virgula. 3. O titulo "sumário" deve estar com a fonte na mesma cor do texto (preto). Att, Mayara 11-3799-3438 on 2018-01-10T23:13:15Z (GMT) / Submitted by Antonio Donato Netto (netto@nettodonato.com.br) on 2018-01-10T23:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MPGPP - Cruzeiro - Antonio Donato Netto - Marcelo Felicio Lo Monaco.pdf: 3330205 bytes, checksum: 78e4d93bbf35292f8b3263081a5c09df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-10T23:24:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MPGPP - Cruzeiro - Antonio Donato Netto - Marcelo Felicio Lo Monaco.pdf: 3330205 bytes, checksum: 78e4d93bbf35292f8b3263081a5c09df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-11T13:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MPGPP - Cruzeiro - Antonio Donato Netto - Marcelo Felicio Lo Monaco.pdf: 3330205 bytes, checksum: 78e4d93bbf35292f8b3263081a5c09df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Trata-se de um estudo de caso do Município de Cruzeiro para avaliação de suas condições financeiras e o seu reequilíbrio. O presente trabalho teve como escopo a análise dos balanços, balancetes e outros dados financeiros e administrativos da cidade de Cruzeiro e sua consequente comparação com municípios semelhantes em números de habitantes, todos do Estado de São Paulo. Por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, das informações prestadas pela Municipalidade e da realização de entrevistas pessoais com o Prefeito Municipal e também com profissionais das Secretarias de Finanças, Administração, Planejamento Urbano e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Turismo (entrevistas em profundidade e grupos focais), foi possível verificar pontos relevantes da situação financeira do Município e, em paralelo, alinhar com os princípios da administração pública gerencial e sua aplicação na eficiência dos gastos públicos, e propor ações para o reequilíbrio das finanças municipais e aperfeiçoamento do modelo de gestão adotado. Elaborou-se o diagnóstico, no qual se indicou os principais problemas experimentados pelo Executivo. Por fim, apresentaram-se recomendações para a resolução do desequilíbrio financeiro diagnosticado. / It is a case study about the Municipality of Cruzeiro, with the purpose to evaluate its financial conditions and its rebalancing. The present study had as scope the analysis of balance sheets, trial balance sheets and other financial and administrative data of the city of Cruzeiro and its consequent comparison with similar municipalities in numbers of inhabitants, all of the State of São Paulo. Through bibliographic research, information provided by the Municipality and personal interviews with the Municipal Mayor and also with professionals from the Finance, Administration, Urban Planning and Sustainable Development and Tourism Departments (in-depth interviews and focus groups), it was possible to verify relevant points of the financial situation of the Municipality and, in parallel, to align with the principles of the public management and its application in the efficiency of public expenses, and propose actions for the rebalancing of municipal finances and improvement of the management model adopted. The diagnosis was elaborated, in which it was indicated the main problems experienced by the Executive. Finally, recommendations were presented for the resolution of the financial imbalance diagnosed.

This thesis deals with money management in municipality Libchavy in years 2005 - 2007. Its theoretical part sums sup the most important pieces of knowledge concerning municipality functioning and money management of municipality. The practical part comprises the analyses of the status of municipality money management in the field of budget receipts and budget expenditures. In terms of previous pieces of knowledge, there are defined proposals for improving money management and contribution of municipality.