För att skapa trevligare och förbättrade utomhusmiljö har det blivit en allt vanligare syn med färgad belysning i städer, men vid felanvändning av dessa riskerar det att störa eller upplevas obehagligt. På två platser i Jönköping har man applicerat färgat ljus på två väldigt olika sätt, dessa platser är Lillsjöplan och Fiskargränd, en med en väldigt påtaglig färgeffekt och den andra med en mer subtil användning av färg. Syftet är att ta reda på vad människor anser om färgat ljus i stadsmiljöer, med utgångspunkt i estetik, känsla och atmosfär för att på så sätt ge svar på om och i så fall hur färgat ljus bör implementeras i stadsmiljöer så att den förstärker atmosfären och den estetiska upplevelsen. Studien är huvudsakligen kvalitativ och undersöker människors intryck och upplevelser av olika ljusinstallationer. En beskrivande surveyundersökning valdes som lämplig metod då resultatet blir en ögonblicksbilds av undersökt fenomen vid en viss tid och plats. En digital bildenkät har använts för insamling av data. Utöver detta har analyser av färg- och ljusupplevelsen har genomförts med PERCIFALs åtta visuella grundbegrepp och analyser av rumsligheten gjordes med hjälp av Branzell metoden av arbetets två författare. Resultaten från studien indikerar att en kraftig färganvändning kan vara spännande men kan bli för visuellt distraherande i det långa loppet. En diskret användning av färg kan starkt bidra till upplevelsen av stadsrummet. En applicering av små och subtila färgeffekter skattades som mer attraktivt än en kraftig färganvändning och dessutom mer attraktivt än med enbart vit belysning. Färgat ljus bidrog till att miljöerna upplevdes som mer varierade, mer iögonfallande och skapade intryck som gjorde platserna mer spännande i betydligt högre grad än med enbart vit belysning. Färgat ljus förknippas i hög grad med fest och speciella tillfällen. En kraftigare färganvändning förknippades i högre grad med detta och ansågs dessutom vara väldigt onaturligt och förvrängande. / To create a more pleasant and improved outdoor environment, it has become an increasingly common sight with colored lighting in our cities, but if it is used incorrectly, there is a risk of creating disturbing or unpleasant environments. In two different places in Jönköping, colored lighting has been applied in two very different ways, these places are Lillsjöplan and Fiskargränd, one with a very noticeable color effect and the other with a more subtle use of color. The purpose is to find out what people think about colored lighting in urban environments, based on aesthetics, feelings and atmosphere, in order to provide answers to whether and if so, how colored lighting should be implemented in urban environments so that it enhances the atmosphere and the aesthetic experience. The study should be seen as qualitative as it examines people's impressions and experiences of different lighting installations. A descriptive survey was chosen as an appropriate method as the result is a snapshot of the investigated phenomenon at a certain time and place. A digital image questionnaire has been used to collect data. In addition to this, analysis of the color and light experience have been carried out with PERCIFAL's eight basic visual concepts and analysis of spatiality have been made using the Branzell method by the two authors of this work. The results from the study indicate that a strong use of color can be exciting but can be too visually distracting in the long run. A discreet use of color can greatly contribute to the experience of the urban space. An application of small and subtle color effects was considered more attractive than a strong use of color and more attractive than with only white lighting. Colored light contributed to the environments being perceived as more varied, more eye-catching and created impressions that made the places more exciting to a much greater degree than with only white lighting. Colored light is very much associated with parties and special occasions. A stronger use of color was associated to a greater extent with this and was also considered to be very unnatural and distorting.

This thesis is focused on the smart public lighting management possibilities. It describes smart public lighting management itself and the advantages of the new management possibilities compared to the current ones are illustrated as well. Furthermore, it deals with a comparison of the most used light resources and LED light resources. This thesis also outlines NS-3 simulation environment and states its advantages. Theoretical concept for energy-saving smart public lighting management system and its modifications for the needs of simulation is described in the paper. This theoretical concept is simulated and compared with the current smart public lighting management systems as well as with the systems designated by the third party.

Public lighting is an important part of city infrastructure. In parks, it enables activity, transportation and recreation in the darker hours. As the field of city lighting is rapidly expanding and advancing, innovations like customisable luminaries and LED light source options are making their way into the fray. This study is focused on comparing two parks with different lighting setups: Tegnérparken – equipped with newer, individually programmable luminaries with LED light sources and a separate control system (Interact City), and Bergsbrunnaparken – which hosts non-customisable luminaries with halogen light bulbs. By interviewing relevant professionals, conducting a survey, and performing several field studies in the two parks, many subjective factors were identified. These are the unmeasurable entities that lighting affect – like sense of safety, comfort, light pollution and blinding.  In order to create a more energy efficient system that does not compromise with the subjective factors, but rather improves them – a new schedule with changed dimming levels is designed for Tegnérparken. By simulating the schedule in Python, the new schedule shows a 15 percent reduction in energy consumption compared to the old. Compared with Bergsbrunnaparken, the improvement is between 46 (old schedule) and 54 (new schedule) percent.  The study also point to a range of possible improvements in Bergsbrunnaparken, that should be taken into account when thinking of redesigning the lighting there. These are based on input from investigating subjective factors, as well as lux measurements and visual inspections.  The study resulted in a change of schedules in Tegnérparken, as the new one was accepted and implemented by Uppsala Kommun in late May 2021. It is also groundwork for further studies into implementing the Interact City system throughout more park spaces, and its usability for improving subjective factors with relative ease.  The study is commissioned by Uppsala Kommun.

[pt] Energia está no cerne do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Devido à pressão causada pelas crescentes evidências do desafio das mudanças climáticas, necessidade de aumento de segurança energética e redução de poluição local, além de oportunidade de ganhos com redução de custos operacionais, a eficiência energética surge como uma estratégia fundamental para o meio ambiente, economia e sociedade, especialmente quando se constata que pouco mais da metade da energia produzida no mundo é desperdiçada até o seu uso final. Dada a relevância do setor de iluminação no contexto de consumo de energia elétrica (cerca de 15 por cento do consumo global), esta pesquisa faz uma análise da introdução da tecnologia de diodos emissores de luz – LED (em inglês Light Emitting Diode) no setor de iluminação pública (3 por cento do consumo de energia elétrica no Brasil), a partir de uma análise dos impactos socioambientais e econômicos, com foco num estudo de caso na cidade de Los Angeles, nos Estados Unidos. Este projeto pioneiro é considerado uma das mais bem sucedidas iniciativas na introdução da tecnologia no mundo. Apesar dos grandes avanços na tecnologia LED, que revoluciona todo o mercado de iluminação, ainda são observados desafios para sua adoção de forma mais acelerada, especialmente no Brasil. O trabalho faz uma avaliação do potencial de economia de energia com a adoção da tecnologia LED no sistema de iluminação pública no Brasil e analisa os desafios para sua introdução e propõe sugestões de como rompê-los. / [en] Energy is at the core of sustainable urban development. And energy efficiency has been emerging as a key strategy for the environment, economy and society, given the pressures caused by the growing evidence of the challenges of climate change, the need to increase energy security and reduce local pollution, in addition to opportunities around cost savings. When the amount of energy losses is assessed, where more than half of the global energy produced is wasted by the time it reaches its final use and when the need to promote social inclusion is considered, where 1.1 billion people do not have access to electricity, the more critical this strategy becomes - to reduce losses, to increase the efficiency of conversion processes close to its maximum yields, and also to introduce disruptive changes to the conversion processes, increasing its theoretical yields. Given the relevance of the lighting industry in the context of electricity consumption (about 15 percent of global consumption), this study analyzes the introduction of LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology in the street lighting sector (3 percent of electricity consumption in Brazil). It is an example of innovation technology that brings in a new paradigm of electricity conversion, which is nine times more efficient than conventional incandescent lamps, with the potential to be twice as efficient as high sodium vapor lamps. In addition, LED technology will enable street lighting to be a multi-dimension system, that goes beyond providing adequate lighting levels, but promoting connectivity, communication, monitoring and big data management.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T12:33:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO TORNIZIELLO RODRIGUES.pdf: 14662564 bytes, checksum: 467610adf71ca6895cc75e12ccaa0109 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T12:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO TORNIZIELLO RODRIGUES.pdf: 14662564 bytes, checksum: 467610adf71ca6895cc75e12ccaa0109 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / The Ribeir?o das Anhumas? basin area is located in Campinas, SP, and it is an important area because it contains the most squares, parks and woods of the city and a large green area for public use. Inspite of these spaces are intended for the general population, they do not present the adequated conditions for an appropriate use all day long, and thus their use is limited only during the daytime period. Among these places there are few or almost none adequate and easy lighting maintenance for the public green areas. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the main public green spaces in the Ribeir?o das Anhumas? basin area in order to evaluate the general condition and emphasize the illumination and its absence. For this purpose, an evaluation worksheet was developed to verify pre-determined attributes such as: lighting, infrastructure, green areas and mobility in 18 selected areas within the Ribeir?o das Anhumas. The resulted was an index of urban quality of these spaces. It was possible to relate the attributes to have a comparative among them, having the lighting as a point of comparison to the other attributes. As a result, it was possible to verify that, for the use of the population, the equipment presented indicated which are positive and/or negative points of each area, to create maintenance plans and new projects focusing on better quality and efficiency of the infrastructure involved and the more efficient luminaires to be installed. The proposed index has proved to be useful to analyze these areas and it can contribute to the management and decision for the maintenance or even to plan new spaces. The areas analyzed in the Ribeir?o Anhumas? Basin presented some deficiencies in quality of the existing public lighting structure that may hinder the population use and mobility in these public spaces. / A bacia hidrogr?fica do Ribeir?o das Anhumas localiza-se no munic?pio de Campinas, no Estado de S?o Paulo, sendo esta uma ?rea importante para o munic?pio pois localizam-se uma grande parte das pra?as, parques e bosques e uma vasta ?rea verde direcionadas ao uso p?blico. ? sabido, no entanto que esses espa?os s?o destinados a popula??o em geral, mas que nem sempre apresentam as condi??es para um uso adequado independente do hor?rio, e dessa forma fica limitado ao seu uso apenas no per?odo diurno. Desses locais s?o poucos ou quase nenhum os que apresentam uma ilumina??o adequada e de f?cil manuten??o para a ?rea verde p?blica. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar levantamentos nos principais espa?os verdes p?blicos existentes a na bacia hidrogr?fica do Ribeir?o das Anhumas de modo a verificar a condi??o geral e enfatizando a ilumina??o e a sua aus?ncia. Para tanto foi aplicada em um conjunto de 18 ?reas selecionadas dentro da Bacia do Ribeir?o das Anhumas uma planilha de avalia??o fora desenvolvida para que verificasse atributos pr?-determinados tais como: Ilumina??o, Infraestrutura e ?reas Verdes e Mobilidade, onde resultou em um ?ndice de qualidade urban?stica desses espa?os, foi poss?vel relacionar os atributos para que se tenha um comparativo entre eles, tendo a ilumina??o como ponto de compara??o aos demais atributos. Como resultado foi poss?vel verificar que para o uso da popula??o os equipamentos apresentados, indicaram quais s?o pontos positivos e/ou negativos de cada ?rea para que possam ser gerados planejamentos de manuten??o e novos projetos j? focando em uma melhor qualidade e efici?ncia da infraestrutura envolvida e das lumin?rias a serem instaladas. O ?ndice proposto mostrou-se como uma ferramenta interessante de an?lise dessas ?reas podendo contribuir na gest?o e na tomada de decis?o para manuten??o ou at? mesmo para planejar um novo espa?o. As ?reas analisadas na Bacia do Ribeir?o Anhumas apresentaram algumas defici?ncias em termos da qualidade da estrutura de ilumina??o p?blica existente que pode dificultar a utiliza??o e a mobilidade da popula??o nesses espa?os.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents a family of integrated electronic ballasts applied to the public lighting system. The electronic ballasts are designed to supply High-Pressure Sodium lamps according to the desired lamp operation characteristics. The viability of use High-Pressure Sodium lamps in the public lighting system of Santa Maria city is studied along this work. Another topic addressed, is the acoustic resonance phenomenon occurrence. It is explained based on a large number of works previously presented in the literature, in order to choose for a reliable method to supply the lamp. The incremental impedance of the High-Pressure Sodium lamp is defined in the frequency domain. This model is used to analyze the lamp and ballast interaction. The presented integrated electronic ballasts to supply High-Pressure sodium lamps take the advantage of low cost and simplicity providing a stable lamp operation. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de integração de conversores estáticos para alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio de alta pressão (HPS), baseando-se, fundamentalmente, na viabilidade de aplicação deste tipo de lâmpadas a sistemas de iluminação pública. Ao longo do trabalho, é discutida a viabilidade de aplicação das lâmpadas HPS ao sistema de iluminação pública existente na cidade de Santa Maria- RS, evidenciando os parâmetros técnicos necessários ao projeto e desenvolvimento de reatores eletrônicos. A abordagem do fenômeno da ressonância acústica é feita de forma consistente, avaliando-se trabalhos previamente publicados, a fim de se chegar a um método confiável para se alimentar a lâmpada HPS sem a excitação deste fenômeno. Além disso, uma análise do modelo de pequenos sinais da lâmpada traz uma visão dos principais estágios a serem empregados no reator para garantir um funcionamento estável do sistema. A metodologia de integração proposta para alimentação de lâmpadas HPS, através de reatores eletrônicos, sem a excitação do fenômeno da ressonância acústica, busca a redução de custos e a simplicidade do sistema, sem deixar de considerar os procedimentos necessários a uma operação estável e confiável.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis presents an electronic ballast prototype to supply high-pressure sodium lamps used in public lighting. The goal is to develop a commercial approach able to replace the still commonly used electromagnetic ballasts, performing improvements in the public lighting system. Along this thesis, the state of art in lighting area is presented, especially in public lighting. Following, a bibliographic review about electronic ballasts to supply highpressure sodium lamps is done. Special attention is given to the low frequency square waveform supplying method, which is used in this thesis. Also, the features desired in electronic ballasts so they can operate the lamp reliably and according to the standards are discussed. From this review, the proposed topology is defined and its design is presented. A discrete control method is developed to guarantee the safe operation of the ballast during all lamp stages. A microcontroller is used to perform the control routines. Finally, experimental results are obtained, validating the proposed work. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistematização do projeto de um reator eletrônico para alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio em alta pressão, para aplicação em iluminação pública. Com isto, pretende-se criar um dispositivo que venha a substituir os reatores eletromagnéticos, ainda comumente utilizados nesta aplicação, de modo a proporcionar melhorias nos atuais sistemas de iluminação pública. Ao longo deste trabalho, é feita uma revisão do estado da arte na área de iluminação, dando ênfase à iluminação pública. Em seguida, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos métodos de alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio a partir de reatores eletrônicos, destacando-se a alimentação deste tipo de lâmpada com forma de onda quadrada em baixa freqüência, método utilizado neste trabalho. Também são discutidas as características que um reator eletrônico deve possuir para enquadrar-se nas normas vigentes e alimentar a lâmpada de forma confiável. A partir desta revisão, a topologia proposta é definida e seu projeto é apresentado. Uma metodologia de controle discreto é desenvolvida de forma a garantir a operação adequada do reator durante todas as etapas de funcionamento da lâmpada. Um microcontrolador é utilizado para executar as rotinas de controle. Finalmente, resultados experimentais são obtidos, de forma a validar o trabalho proposto.

This master´s thesis deals with the reverse calculation of luminous curves for roads according to ČSN EN 13201. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part describes the basic requirements and procedures for calculating the luminous curves. The practical part describes the program, created in the Matlab environment, which is designed for the practical calculation of the ideal luminous curve, for each situation given by the user. Further particular example of the calculation is given.

An objektive of this university graduation work is an essay about any possibilities for energy savings with operation optimalization of public lightings. Understandings and introduction operation problems of public lighting is devote in first part of this work. Here we can chapters as Importance of public lightings or Gulations and norms in ralation to public lightings. The bigist and special attention is concentrated to description to public lightings systems and it is basic components. Another main part of this work is demonstration of used systems that are leading to energy savings for public lightings. These problems are detailed and explained in chapter Regulation of public lighting systems. This graduation work is describing individual types of regulation with the systems that are used with these regulatios in systems of public lightings. The assignment of last part of graduation work was to make sample calculation of energy demand and calculatin of yearly consumption on exemplary temporary system of public lightings. For this occasion was extra special auxiliary application sytem set up inside the Microsoft Excel program where all individual calculations were done.

The thesis deals with analysis of the public lighting system from the point of view of light sources and luminaries. It focuses on the specifics of the lighting systems such as lighting for pedestrian crossings or decorative lighting. It analyzes the energy consumption depending on daylight and how it manifests a shift sunrise and sunset on the consumption of electricity. The work clarifies how the model can be simplified sunrise, sunset for the entire Czech Republic. Based on the distribution of municipalities with population over 10,000 and modeling of sunrise and sunset calculation is carried out power consumption of lighting systems and compared to the total consumption of the Czech Republic. Simplification is an estimate of the consumption of electricity to villages to 10 000 people on the basis of the estimate, the final consumption of electricity for public lighting for the entire Czech Republic.