(1) Background: Maximum isokinetic force loads show strongly increased post-load lactate concentrations and an increase in the maximum blood lactate concentration rate ( V˙ Lamax), depending on load duration. The reproducibility of V˙ Lamax must be known to be able to better assess training-related adjustments of anaerobic performance using isokinetic force tests. (2) Methods: 32 subjects were assigned to two groups and completed two unilateral isokinetic force tests (210° s−1, Range of Motion 90°) within seven days. Group 1 (n = 16; age 24.0 ± 2.8 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.6 kg m−2, training duration: 4.5 ± 2.4 h week−1) completed eight repetitions and group 2 (n = 16; age 23.7 ± 1.9 years, BMI 24.6 ± 2.4 kg m−2, training duration: 5.5 ± 2.1 h week−1) completed 16 repetitions. To determine V˙ Lamax, capillary blood (20 µL) was taken before and immediately after loading, and up to the 9th minute post-load. Reproducibility and variability was determined using Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, and variability were determined using within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and Limits of Agreement (LoA) using Bland Altman plots. (3) Results: The correlation of V˙ Lamax in group 1 was r = 0.721, and in group 2 r = 0.677. The Sw of V˙ Lamax was 0.04 mmol L−1 s−1 in both groups. In group 1, V˙ Lamax showed a systematic bias due to measurement repetition of 0.02 mmol L−1 s−1 in an interval (LoA) of ±0.11 mmol L−1 s−1. In group 2, a systematic bias of −0.008 mmol L−1 s−1 at an interval (LoA) of ±0.11 mmol L−1 s−1 was observed for repeated measurements of V˙ Lamax. (4) Conclusions: Based on the existing variability, a reliable calculation of V˙ Lamax seems to be possible with both short and longer isokinetic force loads. Changes in V˙ Lamax above 0.11 mmol L−1 s−1 due to training can be described as a non-random increase or decrease in V˙ Lamax.

Resting heart rate (RHR) is positively related with mortality. Regular exercise causes a reduction in RHR. The aim of the systematic review was to assess whether regular exercise or sports have an impact on the RHR in healthy subjects by taking different types of sports into account. A systematic literature research was conducted in six databases for the identification of controlled trials dealing with the effects of exercise or sports on the RHR in healthy subjects was performed. The studies were summarized by meta-analyses. The literature search analyzed 191 studies presenting 215 samples fitting the eligibility criteria. 121 trials examined the effects of endurance training, 43 strength training, 15 combined endurance and strength training, 5 additional school sport programs. 21 yoga, 5 tai chi, 3 qigong, and 2 unspecified types of sports. All types of sports decreased the RHR. However, only endurance training and yoga significantly decreased the RHR in both sexes. The exercise-induced decreases of RHR were positively related with the pre-interventional RHR and negatively with the average age of the participants. From this, we can conclude that exercise—especially endurance training and yoga—decreases RHR. This effect may contribute to a reduction in all-cause mortality due to regular exercise or sports.

Introduction Research in the field of embodied cognition is occupied with a variety of research questions stemming from the idea that cognition is deeply connected with bodily aspects such as perception and action (Barsalou, 1999, 2008). However, some embodiment studies have been identified to exhibit problems such as non-replicable results (Lakens, 2014). With this article, we wish to accomplish three aims: exemplifying ways of categorizing embodied cognition research in an informative manner; providing guidelines on how to identify problematic study designs; suggesting solutions for potentially problematic designs. Within the field of embodied cognition, several aspects are investigated as outlined by Wilson (2002). One example for embodiment mentioned by Wilson (2002) is gesturing (for an overview on gesturing, see Hostetter and Alibali, 2008). Embodied cognition theory can be used to analyze the relation between gestures and mental processes (e.g., Hostetter and Alibali, 2008). Furthermore, there is a debate around the question whether language and meaning are grounded in perceptual contents experienced through the body (e.g., Borghi et al., 2004; for an overview on grounded cognition, see Barsalou, 2010). Besides research on cognition, principles of embodied cognition have been applied to fields such as social psychology (see Meier et al., 2012, for an overview) and educational psychology (see Paas and Sweller, 2012, for an overview). For instance, research on embodiment in the context of social cognition has provided evidence for the claim that bodily sensations such as weight can alter judgments on importance (e.g., Ackerman et al., 2010). In educational psychology, one application of embodiment theory is the design of interactive learning environments (e.g., Johnson-Glenberg et al., 2014). In response to the current replication crisis in psychology (for discussions, see Pashler and Wagenmakers, 2012; Maxwell et al., 2015), several solutions have been proposed to improve the quality of psychological research (e.g., Chambers, 2013; Simons, 2014; LeBel, 2015; for overviews, see Ferguson, 2015; Zwaan et al., 2017). Benjamin et al. (2018) argue for a change of the standard 0.05 alpha level and instead support to lower the default alpha value for novel findings in the field of psychology to 0.005. Importantly, the sample size and power of studies have been described as pivotal contributors to replicable results (Fraley and Vazire, 2014). Multiple types of embodied cognition research are facing the problem of delivering non-replicable results as discussed in the literature (e.g., Rabelo et al., 2015). Perugini et al. (2014) present a method for the calculation of sample sizes for replication studies and confirmatory research that takes into account that observed effect sizes may be inaccurate estimates. They suggest to conduct sample size calculations using an effect size that is based on the lower bounds of the confidence interval computed for an observed effect size (Perugini et al., 2014). Another method is presented by Simonsohn (2015), who makes the argument that sample size calculations for replication studies should not merely use the effect sizes reported in the original research that is to be replicated. He explains that by increasing the sample size by the factor of 2.5, a replication study can be used to assess whether an effect is too small to have been appropriately captured in the original study (Simonsohn, 2015). This method has already been used in a recent replication study on embodied cognition effects (Ronay et al., 2017). We suggest to use one of the aforementioned methods of sample size calculation for studies involving embodiment-based manipulation types that are known for potential problems. In the following, we will present three important aspects that can be used to check whether an embodied cognition study design will need amendments such as an increased sample size.

Genom så kallade ”utgivningsbevis” får aktörer som erhållit dessa publicera vissa personuppgifter på internet. Detta kan inkludera exempelvis uppgifter om adress, telefonnummer, skatteuppgifter, födelsedag, fullständigt namn och andra uppgifter som går att ta del av genom Offentlighetsprincipen. Utgivningsbevisen är grundlagsskyddade och får därmed företräde över EU-lag, exempelvis får utgivningsbevisen företräde över GDPR [General Data Protection Regulation]. Uppgifterna kan vara svåra att få borttagna från internet om hemsidan som publicerat dem inte vill ta bort dem. Personuppgifter som finns på internet, särskilt adress och telefonnummer, kan tänkas bidra till oro eller otrygghet hos en del människor. Exempelvis finns det tidigare forskning som pekat på att vissa personer kan riskera att bli utsatta för brott eller uppleva en stark obekvämhet eller oro över att deras personuppgifter offentliggörs (se exempelvis Hedin och Wiberg, 2020; Ericsson, 2011). Ett annat potentiellt orosmoln kan vara att bli utsatt för stalking, vilket är vanligare att kvinnor blir utsatta för (Lenhart et al, 2016; Maiuro, 2015; Logan, 2006).  Syftet med denna utredning var att undersöka upplevd trygghet i förhållande till offentligt tillgängliga personuppgifter. För att möjliggöra detta har sex kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomförts för att belysa hur individer reflekterar över offentligt tillgängliga uppgifter och om de har några egna erfarenheter där de känt sig otrygga med att deras uppgifter fanns på internet. Urvalet bestod utav både män och kvinnor i åldern 23-32 år. I analysen av resultatet har teorier av Ulrich Beck och Anthony Giddens om risk och trygghet tillämpats. Empirin analyserades sedan genom en tematisk analys.  Resultatet visade på att individer reflekterar över att deras personuppgifter finns tillgängliga på internet, framförallt vid tillfällen där de varit med om någon typ av händelse som fått dem att reflektera över detta. Det kan även finnas någon typ av otrygghetskänsla hos en del individer till följd av att personuppgifter, som deras adress eller telefonnummer, finns tillgängliga på internet, detta var särskilt förekommande bland kvinnorna i utredningen samt bland de som berättade om sina erfarenheter av att arbeta i butik. Samtliga kvinnliga intervjupersoner berättade om upplevelser där de känt sig otrygga med att deras uppgifter fanns på internet, vilket skiljde sig från de manliga intervjupersonerna där ingen berättade om någon sådan upplevelse. Överlag fanns det en oro, otrygghet eller osäkerhet bland intervjupersonerna kring personuppgifters tillgänglighet. Något annat som framkom ur Frida Lindström S7021A 1 utredningen var att det fanns en efterfrågan om mer kontroll över vilka personuppgifter som visas öppet på internet, men åsikterna gällande exempelvis när individer ska ha rätt att få sina uppgifter borttagna från internet var något delade. / Through so called ”publication licenses” [Swedish: utgivningsbevis] people or businesses who have acquired these can publish certain types of personal information on the internet. These can include addresses, phone numbers, tax information, birthdays, full names and other information that can be acquired through the Swedish principle of public access to official records [Swedish: offentlighetsprincipen]. The publication licenses are protected under the Swedish constitution and therefore override EU-law, for example the publication licenses override GDPR [General Data Protection Regulation]. The information can be difficult to remove from the internet if the website that published the information does not want to remove it. Personal information on the internet, particularly addresses and phone numbers, could potentially contribute to feelings of worry or insecurity in some people. For example, previous research has shown that some people may be at risk or may experience a strong sense of uncomfortableness or worry over having their information made public (see for example Hedin and Wiberg, 2020; Ericsson, 2011). Another potential cause for worry could be the risk of being stalked, which is more common that women are exposed to (Lenhart et al, 2016; Maiuro, 2015; Logan, 2006).  The aim of this investigation was to examine perceived safety in relation to publicly available personal information. To achieve this, six qualitative semi-structured interviews were done to shed light on how individuals think and feel when it comes to publicly available personal information and whether they’ve had any personal experiences of feeling unsafe with having their personal information available online. The selection of participants consisted of both women and men between the ages 23-32 years old. Theories on risk and safety by Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens have been used when analyzing the results. The empirical data was then analyzed through a thematic analysis.  The results showed that individuals do reflect over the fact that their personal information is available on the internet, particularly when they’ve experienced something that reminded them of this. This can also evoke feelings of insecurity in certain individuals as a result of knowing that one’s personal information, such as address or phone number, is available on the internet. This was especially common among the female participants in this study as well as among those who have worked in retail. All of the female participants expressed feelings of insecurity around having their information online, this differed from the male participants Frida Lindström S7021A 3 where nobody shared any such experiences. Overall there is a sense of concern, vulnerability or uncertainty surrounding having one’s personal information available online. Something else that the investigation found was a demand for more control over which personal information is being shown online. However, opinions varied regarding whether or not individuals should have the right to have their information removed from the internet.

In this Research Commentary, we describe 3 journal metrics–the Web of Science's Impact Factor, Scopus's SCImago Journal Rank, and Google Scholar Metrics' h5-index—and compile the rankings (if they exist) for 69 mathematics education journals. We then discuss 2 paths that the mathematics education community should consider with regard to these citation-based metrics of journal quality: either working within the system to enhance our positioning or resisting or modifying the system itself.

Afin de réduire l’intervalle de temps nécessaire entre la publication de l’information sur le Web et sa consultation par les utilisateurs, les sites Web reposent sur le principe de la Syndication Web. Les fournisseurs d’information diffusent les nouvelles informations à travers des flux RSS auxquels les utilisateurs intéressés peuvent s’abonner. L’objectif de la thèse est de proposer un système de notification passant à l’échelle du Web, prenant en considération le grand nombre d’utilisateurs et le débit élevé d’items. Nous proposons un index basé sur les mots-clés des requêtes utilisateurs permettant de retrouver ceux-ci dans les items des flux. Trois structures d’indexation de souscriptions sont présentées. Un modèle analytique pour estimer le temps de traitement et l’espace mémoire de chaque structure est détaillé. Nous menons une étude expérimentale approfondie de l’impact de plusieurs paramètres sur ces structures. Pour les souscriptions jamais notifiées, nous adaptons les index étudiés pour prendre en considération leur satisfaction partielle. Afin de réduire le nombre d’items reçus par l’utilisateur, nous intégrons une deuxième phase de filtrage par nouveauté et diversité considérant l’ensemble d’items déjà reçus par l’utilisateur. / Based on a Publish/Subscribe paradigm, Web Syndication formats such as RSS have emerged as a popular means for timely delivery of frequently updated Web content. According to these formats, information publishers provide brief summaries of the content they deliver on the Web, while information consumers subscribe to a number of RSS feeds and get informed about newly published items. The goal of this thesis is to propose a notification system which scales on the Web. To deal with this issue, we should take into account the large number of users on the Web and the high publication rate of items. We propose a keyword-based index for user subscriptions to match it on the fly with incoming items. We study three indexing techniques for user subscriptions. We present analytical models to estimate memory requirements and matching time. We also conduct a thorough experimental evaluation to exhibit the impact of critical workload parameters on these structures. For subscriptions which are never notified, we adapt the indexes to support a partial matching between subscriptions and items. We integrate a diversity and novelty filtering step in our system in order to decrease the number of notified items for short subscriptions. This filtering is based on the set of items already received by the user.

Islam and Economic Performance: A Meta-Analysis Patrik Kratochvíla June 28, 2021 Abstract The ongoing economic supremacy of the West has prompted debates on the ability of non-Christian religions to generate economic growth. The academic literature focusing on the Islamic religion o↵ers multiple answers, leaving the matter unresolved and with no definite conclusion. Based on a quantitative sur- vey of 315 estimates collected from 41 relevant academic studies, Islam exerts a positive and statistically significant e↵ect on economic growth in 40% of cases, a negative and statistically significant e↵ect in 10% of cases, and virtually zero e↵ect in 50% of cases. Tests for publication bias indicate slightly preferential reporting against negative estimates. When I correct for this bias, I find that the mean e↵ect of Islam on economic growth is positive but economically small. I also construct 79 moderator variables capturing methodological heterogeneity among the primary studies and apply the method of Bayesian model averaging to deal with model uncertainty in meta-analysis. The analysis shows that the heterogeneity in the results is primarily driven by di↵erences in the sample com- position and the choice of control variables, and to a lesser extent by estimation characteristics and proxies for Islam employed. 1

Purpose of this document is acquite reader with basic principles of 3D model digitalization.This work describes general overview of 3D scanning devices, their physical principle and measurements methods. Next part of this document  describes basic method for polygonal mesh processing as smoothing an decimation which are necessary for 3D model processing.This document contains also algorithms description of implementation, user interface and publication part through WWW. Fundamental essence of this diploma thesis will be introduction with general principles of 3D scanning and working with Minolta VIVID-700 3D digitizer which is placed on our faculty. At the end are mentioned results evalution,demostration examples and next supposed project advancement.

Listening to music usually elicits emotions that can vary considerably in their intensity over the course of listening. Yet, after listening to a piece of music, people are easily able to evaluate the music's overall emotional intensity. There are two different hypotheses about how affective experiences are temporally processed and integrated: (1) all moments' intensities are integrated, resulting in an averaged value; (2) the overall evaluation is built from specific single moments, such as the moments of highest emotional intensity (peaks), the end, or a combination of these. Here we investigated what listeners do when building an overall evaluation of a musical experience. Participants listened to unknown songs and provided moment-to-moment ratings of experienced intensity of emotions. Subsequently, they evaluated the overall emotional intensity of each song. Results indicate that participants' evaluations were predominantly influenced by their average impression but that, in addition, the peaks and end emotional intensities contributed substantially. These results indicate that both types of processes play a role: All moments are integrated into an averaged value but single moments might be assigned a higher value in the calculation of this average.

In the course of revitalizing the Poseidon Building in Frankfurt, an energetically optimized façade, made of an architectural concrete was developed. The development of a fiber-reinforced architectural concrete had to consider the necessary mechanical strength, design technology and surface quality. The fiber-reinforced architectural concrete has a compressive strength of 104.1 MPa and a 3-point bending tensile strength of 19.5 MPa. Beyond that, it was ensured that the fiber-reinforced high-performance concrete had a high durability, which has been shown by the capillary suction of de-icing solution and freeze thaw test with a weathering of abrasion of 113 g/m² after 28 freeze-thaw cycles and a mean water penetration depth of 11 mm.