Recent developments around the sharing economy bring to the fore questions of governability and broader societal Benefit-and subsequently the need to explore effective means of public governance, from nurturing, on the one hand, to restriction, on the other. As sharing is a predominately urban phenomenon in modern societies, cities around the globe have become both locus of action and central actor in the debates over the nature and organization of the sharing economy. However, cities vary substantially in the interpretation of potential opportunities and challenges, as well as in their governance responses. Building on a qualitative comparative analysis of 16 leading global cities, our findings reveal four framings of the sharing economy: "societal endangerment","societal enhancement", "market disruption", and "ecological Transition". Such framings go hand in hand with patterned governance responses: although there is considerable heterogeneity in the combination of public governance strategies, we find specific configurations of framings and public governance strategies. Our work reflects the political and ethical debates on various economic, social, and moral issues related to the sharing economy, and contrib-utes to a better understanding of the field-level institutional Arrangements-a prerequisite for examining moral behavior of sharing economy organizations.

Submitted by Natalia Navarro (natalia.navarro.santos@gmail.com) on 2015-11-30T16:54:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_NAVARRO_vs_final_CDAPG.pdf: 1881298 bytes, checksum: 579276885ea35def33f59320d25e0213 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Natalia, Conforme conversamos o titulo precisa ser alterado. Att, Pâmela Tonsa on 2015-11-30T17:27:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Natalia Navarro (natalia.navarro.santos@gmail.com) on 2015-11-30T17:30:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_NAVARRO_vs_final_CDAPG.pdf: 1878265 bytes, checksum: 99df1a698804001855917ab9b987259d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2015-11-30T18:18:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_NAVARRO_vs_final_CDAPG.pdf: 1878265 bytes, checksum: 99df1a698804001855917ab9b987259d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T11:05:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_NAVARRO_vs_final_CDAPG.pdf: 1878265 bytes, checksum: 99df1a698804001855917ab9b987259d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / Since the recent strengthening of the preventive polices against corruption and the development and coverage of an investigative journalism in corruption cases, the issue has become a focal concern in the Brazilian citizen routine. The advances made, reflect not just the concern about the effects of corruption imposed on the public administration organizations, and on the citizens, but also regarding the legitimacy of the political system. Nevertheless, the corruption is a hidden phenomenon and therefore we do not know enough about the current conditions of the occurrence in this illegal market. The disgruntled citizen claims from the institutions the sanction of the involved in this market. The population's perception about the degree of punitive regulatory agencies is still insufficient. In this sense, it is necessary to know the configurations that trigger the sanction and not sanction legislators involved in corruption. In order to understand if, in fact, there was leniency or not in the conduction of investigative and punitive processes. Thus, this study aims to understand what factors triggered the occurrence of sanctions in corruptions cases, likewise as the conditions which trigger the impasse between the collective act (protecting the accused and consequently protecting the network of involved) in different cases. The cases adopted were: 1) the overpricing of the TRT-SP headquarters' building; 2) the establishment and operation of an illegal gambling market in the State of Goiás and; 3) the editing and not publication of administrative acts in the Senate. I propose a comparative qualitative analysis of the cases using the configurational method. The results presented in this study, do not intend to explain every case of corruption, but contribute to the debate of the subject. / Com o fortalecimento recente dos órgãos de controle, o avanço na adequação da legislação vigente no combate à corrupção e a atuação cada vez mais investigativa da mídia em casos de corrupção, o tema tem ganho destaque no cotidiano do cidadão brasileiro. Os avanços obtidos, refletem não somente a preocupação em relação aos efeitos da corrupção que incidem sobre a administração pública e sobre o cidadão, mas também com relação à legitimidade do sistema político. Apesar disso, por se tratar a corrupção, e outras transgressões às leis, de um fenômeno oculto, pouco se conhece acerca das condições de ocorrência deste mercado ilegal. O cidadão descontente reivindica das instituições sanção aos envolvidos neste mercado. A percepção da população acerca do caráter punitivo dos órgãos de controle é ainda de insuficiência. Nesse sentido, se faz necessário conhecer as configurações que desencadeiam na sanção e não sanção de parlamentares envolvidos em casos de corrupção a fim de compreender se, de fato, houve ou não leniência na condução dos processos investigativos e punitivos. Desta forma, este trabalho objetiva compreender quais fatores condicionam a ocorrência de sanção em casos de corrupção, assim como analisar as configurações que deflagram no impasse entre o agir coletivamente (protegendo o acusado e, consequentemente a rede de envolvidos) ou individualmente dos atores políticos (não protegendo o acusado e, o acusado não protegendo a rede) em diferentes casos. Os casos adotados foram: 1) do superfaturamento das obras do TRT-SP, 2) da criação e funcionamento de um mercado ilegal de jogos de azar no Estado de Goiás e, 3) da edição e não publicação de atos administrativos no Senado. Proponho uma análise qualitativa comparativa entre os casos, utilizando-me do método configuracional. Os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa, não tem pretensão de explicar todo e qualquer caso de corrupção, mas contribuir para o debate acerca do tema.

Este trabajo estudiará las razones del por qué algunos países latinoamericanos optan por una orientación de política comercial aperturista y otros por la opción proteccionista. Para ello, se utilizará el método comparado como una estrategia de análisis explicativa determinando configuraciones causales para la orientación proteccionista de Argentina, Brasil, Ecuador y Panamá y el aperturismo de Chile, Colombia, México yPanamá. Se consideraron cuatro condiciones, dos de corte político -calidad regulatoria y distribución de poder- y dos económicas – tamaño del estado y volumen de exportaciones- con el objetivo de explicar los causales de la orientación de la política comercial. Bajo la hipótesis de que las condiciones políticas tienen mas incidencia explicativa que las económicas, los resultados obtenidos fueron que en la orientación aperturista, las condiciones económicas son más explicativas pero en la orientación proteccionista, las condiciones políticas toman mayor relevancia.

[ES] El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido el estudio de las políticas de innova-ción y de los modelos de innovación más extendidos (los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación -NIS en sus siglas en inglés- y los Sistemas Regionales de Innovación -RIS en sus siglas en inglés-) a través de un análisis global y sistemático de la literatura científica, ya que la gran cantidad de estudios académicos publicados en estos campos de investigación, especialmente en las últimas décadas, puede dificultar la obtención de una visión general y, a la vez, pro-funda de los mismos. En esta tesis se han utilizado, fundamentalmente, técnicas bibliométricas y la base de datos científica Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) para determinar los autores, las instituciones, los países y las revistas científicas más influyentes en estos campos de investigación, así como para elaborar los mar-cos conceptuales de los mismos. También se han identificado y revisado los estudios más influyentes con el fin de establecer las principales tendencias investigadoras en estas materias y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo. Se concluye que las políticas de innovación y los modelos de innovación en la literatura científica se pueden organizar en torno a seis pilares fundamentales: (1) Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación, (2) Sistemas Regionales de Innovación, (3) herramientas políticas para la innovación, (4) gestión del conocimiento, (5) desarrollo sostenible y (6) emprendimiento. El análisis de estos pilares y de sus interacciones permitió comprender la importancia de los entornos nacionales y regionales, así como del entorno transnacional en el que países y regiones están embebidos; el papel central de la gestión del conocimiento; la combinación de políticas de innovación para conseguir crecimientos y transiciones más sostenibles; y la relevancia creciente del emprendimiento dentro de las políti-cas y los modelos de innovación, con el surgimiento en los últimos años de los conceptos Sistemas Nacionales de Emprendimiento (NES en sus siglas en inglés) y ecosistemas emprendedores. De forma complementaria a los análisis de los enfoques teóricos anteriores, se ha realizado un estudio empírico y multidimensional de los factores que pue-den promover la competitividad y la innovación de los países, para lo que se ha usado la técnica de Análisis Cualitativo Comparativo fsQCA. En base a los análisis bibliométricos previos, se seleccionaron seis factores o condiciones causales: inversión en I+D, número de instituciones innovadoras, tasa de emprendimiento, políticas de apoyo al emprendimiento, transferencia de I+D y renta per cápita. El resultado de este análisis muestra que hay diversas configuraciones que conducen a países altamente competitivos y/o innovadores, todas ellas multidimensionales, lo que indica que no existe un único patrón para explicar niveles elevados de competitividad e innovación nacionales. / [EN] The main objective of the thesis has been the study of innovation policy and the most popular innovation models at present, namely National Innovation Systems (NIS) and Regional Innovation Systems (RIS), through a global and systematic analysis of the scientific literature, due to the fact that the great amount of academic publications in these research fields, especially in the last decades, may hinder the achievement of a general and, at the same time, deep insight into these areas. In the thesis we have mainly used bibliometric techniques and the scientific database Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) to determine the most influential authors, institutions, countries and journals in the aforementioned research fields, as well as to elaborate their conceptual frameworks. Also, we have identified and reviewed the most influential studies with the aim of establishing the major research trends in these areas and their evolution. It is concluded that innovation policies and innovation models in the scientific literature can be organized around six key pillars: (1) National Innovation Systems, (2) Regional Innovation Systems, (3) innovation policy tools, (4) knowledge management, (5) sustainable development and (6) entrepreneurship. The analysis of such pillars and their interactions allowed a better understanding of the importance of the national and regional contexts, as well as the transnational context in which countries and regions are embedded; the central role of the knowledge management; the policy mix to achieve more sustainable growths and transitions; and the increasing relevance of entrepreneurship regarding innovation policies and models, with the emergence of the novel concepts National Entrepreneurship Systems (NES) and entrepreneurial ecosystems in the last years. To complement the analyses of the previous theoretical approaches, an empirical and multidimensional study of the factors affecting national competitive-ness and innovation has been carried out, by using the Qualitative Comparative Analysis technique fsQCA. According to the prior bibliometric analyses, six factors or causal conditions were chosen: R&D expenditure, number of innovative institutions, entrepreneurship rate, entrepreneurship support policies, R&D transfer and GDP per capita. The result of this analysis shows that there are several configurations leading to competitive and/or innovative countries, all of them multidimensional, which indicates that there is no single pattern to explain high levels of national competitiveness and innovation. / [CA] L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi ha sigut l'estudi de les polítiques d'innovació i dels models d'innovació més estesos (els Sistemes Nacionals d'Innovació -NIS per les seves sigles en anglès- i els Sistemes Regionals d'Innovació -RIS per les seves sigles en anglès-) a través d'un anàlisi global i sistemàtic de la literatura científica, ja que la gran quantitat d'estudis acadèmics publicats en aquests camps de recerca, especialment en les últimes dècades, pot dificultar l'obtenció d'una visió general i alhora profunda d'aquests. En aquesta tesi s'han utilitzat, fonamentalment, tècniques bibliomètriques i la base de dades científica Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) per a de-terminar els autors, les institucions, els països i les revistes científiques més influents en aquests camps de recerca, així com per a elaborar els marcs conceptuals d'aquests. També s'han identificat i revisat els estudis més influents amb la finalitat d'establir les principals tendències investigadores en aquestes matèries i la seva evolució al llarg del temps. Es conclou que les polítiques d'innovació i els models d'innovació en la literatura científica es poden organitzar entorn de sis pilars fonamentals: (1) Sistemes Nacionals d'Innovació, (2) Sistemes Regionals d'Innovació, (3) eines polítiques per a la innovació, (4) gestió del coneixement, (5) desenvolupament sostenible i (6) emprenedoria. L'anàlisi d'aquests pilars i de les seves interaccions va permetre comprendre la importància dels entorns nacionals i regionals, així com de l'entorn transnacional en el qual països i regions estan embeguts; el paper central de la gestió del coneixement; la combinació de polítiques d'innovació per a aconseguir creixements i transicions més sostenibles; i la rellevància creixent de l'emprenedoria dins de les polítiques i els models d'innovació, amb el sorgiment en els últims anys dels conceptes Sistemes Nacionals d'Emprenedoria (NES per les seves sigles en anglès) i ecosistemes emprenedors. De manera complementària als anàlisis dels enfocaments teòrics anteriors, s'ha realitzat un estudi empíric i multidimensional dels factors que poden promoure la competitivitat i la innovació dels països, per al que s'ha usat la tècnica d'Anàlisi Qualitativa Comparativa fsQCA. Sobre la base de les anàlisis bibliomètriques prèvies, es van seleccionar sis factors o condicions causals: inversió en I+D, nombre d'institucions innovadores, taxa d'emprenedoria, polítiques de suport a l'emprenedoria, transferència d'I+D i renda per càpita. El resultat d'aquest anàlisi mostra que hi ha diverses configuracions que condueixen a països altament competitius i/o innovadors, totes elles multidimensionals, la qual cosa indica que no existeix un únic patró per a explicar nivells elevats de com-petitivitat i innovació nacionals. / López Rubio, PD. (2020). Las políticas de innovación y los modelos de innovación en la literatura científica. Un análisis mediante la utilización de técnicas bibliométricas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153149 / TESIS

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between best practice adherence and the ownership status of an eco-labeling organization. The research question that is aiming to answer is what key factors most often explain differences in the level of credibility between for-profit carbon management eco-labels and not-for-profit carbon management eco-labels in transnational environmental governance. The case studies of interest are the two certification agencies Verra and The Carbon Reduction Institute. The issue of credibility of eco-labeling schemes will be looked through a Green IR theoretical perspective and debunked with Neoliberal IR theory. The methods which will be used are Small-N comparison and Qualitative Content Analysis conducted through Index for Best Practices. The data for the study is acquired from the online platforms of the two case studies for investigation.

Recently, it has been recognized that climate change will result in conflict only in combination with certain conditions. However, most studies have focused on short-term climate hazards and not long-term climate change. Therefore, this thesis aims to answer the question: under what conditions do climate change and not climate hazards result in conflict? A fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is conducted to answer the question. Stemming from theory, it is hypothesized that a conflict outcome will occur only when both long-term climate change (defined as temperature increase) and high vulnerability are present. High vulnerability is measured as low socioeconomic development, high agricultural dependency, low state capacity, and previous episode of conflict. The solution shows climate change, weak state, and previous conflict is sufficient for the outcome. This is argued to support the theoretical argument and is in line with expectations. However, the coverage is limited, and the solution’s robustness is weaker than hoped. Nevertheless, long-term climate change has the potential to lead to conflict when combined with societal-level vulnerability.

Syfte: Tidigare hållbarhetsredovisning anses ha problem med frånkoppling av finansiella och icke-finansiella strategier, vilket IR avser att lösa. Studier som gjorts visar att IR implementerats oproportionerligt, samt att rapporter som benämns som integrerade, påvisat låg IR-nivå. En möjlig förklaring är dålig förståelse av detta förhållandevis nya begrepp. Stora skillnader i IR-nivå gör det svårt att få en tydlig bild av den faktiska implementeringen av IR. Syftet för denna studie är att kartlägga IR-nivån bland stora svenska företag som benämnt sina årsredovisningar som integrerade, samt att ge praktiska exempel utifrån IR-ramverket. Slutligen används legitimitetsteorin och greenwashing för att förklara resultatet. Metod: Studiens process har varit abduktiv, och en kvalititativ strategi har anammats. Designen för studien är tvärsnitt. Empirin har samlats in genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys av 14 svenska företags årsredovisningar, valda genom ett målstyrt urval. Därefter har data insamlats och analyserats med hjälp av ett kodningsschema som i sin tur har utgått från den normativa referensramen. Datan har sedan presenterats i tabell, samt narrativt. Resultat och slutsats: Studien har visat att de undersökta företagen påvisar en ojämn IR-nivå, där företagen lyckats bäst inom strategiskt fokus och framtidsorientering, medan en lägre nivå uppnås inom väsentlighet och kopplingar mellan information. Detta kan bero på otillräcklig spridning av IR-ramverket och/eller greenwashing. Kartläggningen visar därmed att de flesta rapporter snarare är blandade än integrerade. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För att fånga upp huruvida omvandlingsfunktionen är en del av företagens IR, föreslås en kvalitativ fallstudie av enstaka företag. Vidare hade det varit intressant att göra en longitudinell studie för att se hur företagens IR-nivå förändras över tid. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens viktigaste bidrag är att genom kartläggningen ge praktiska exempel för företag att beakta, samt att fylla kunskapsgapet som finns kring implementering av IR i svenska företag. / Aim: Sustainability reporting is considered to have problems with a disconnection of financial and non-financial strategies, which IR intends to solve. Previous studies show that IR has been implemented disproportionately, and that the reports referred to as integrated, demonstrated a low IR-level. A possible explanation is a poor understanding of the relatively new concept. Large differences in the IR-level makes it difficult to get a clear picture of the actual implementation of IR. The purpose of this study is to identify the IR-level of large Swedish companies who self-declared their reports as integrated, and to provide practical examples on the basis of the IR framework. Finally, legitimacy theory and greenwashing is used to explain the results. Method: The process of the study has been abductive, and a qualitative strategy has been adopted. The design of the study is cross-sectional. The empirical data were collected through qualitative content analysis of 14 Swedish companies’ annual reports, selected through a purposive sample. Subsequently, data was acquired and analyzed using a coding frame, based on the normative framework. The data have been presented in tables and in narratives. Result & Conclusions: The study has shown that the companies indicate an uneven IR level, where companies have been most successful in strategic focus and future orientation, while a lower level is achieved within materiality and connectivity of information. This may be due to inadequate diffusion of the IR framework and/or due to greenwashing. The mapping thus shows that most reports are mixed rather than integrated. Suggestions for future research: To capture whether the transformation function is part of the companies’ IR, a qualitative case study of individual companies is proposed. Furthermore, a longitudinal study to see how the companies IR-level changes over time would be interesting. Contribution of the thesis: The most important contribution of the study is that the mapping provides practical examples for companies to consider, as well as filling the knowledge gap existing regarding the implementation of IR in Swedish companies.

By manipulating constraints and goals, this study had generated some ill-posed problems in "Fractions" which were packed into 2 mathematical tasks for teacher uses in an intended exploration of their perceived effectiveness of teaching mathematical problem-solving against their student responses through the lens of the theory of formative assessment. Each ill-posed problem was characterized by certain descriptive "instability" that users would have to define own sets of mathematical assumptions for problem-solving inquiries. 3 highly qualified, experienced, and trained mathematics teachers were purposefully recruited, and instructed to acquire and mark student responses without any prior teaching and intervention. Each of these teachers' perceptions of ill-posed problems was acquired through a semi-structured clinical case-interview. All teachers in common demonstrated only individual singular mathematical problem-solving inquiries as major instructional adjustments during evaluation, even though individuals had ample opportunities in manipulating the described intention of each problem. Although some could realize inquiries from students being alternative to own used, not all would intend to change initial instructional plans of each problem and could design dedicated tasks in extending given problem-solving contexts for subsequent teaching and maintaining the described problem-solving intentions merely because of evaluation purposes. The resulting thick teacher perceptions were then analyzed by the Mayring's (2015) Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method for exploring particularly those who could intend to influence and get influenced by students' used mathematical assumptions in interviews. Certain unanticipated uses of assumptions of student individuals and groups were evidently found to have influenced cognitively some teachers' further problem-solving inquiries at some interview instants and stimulated their perception changes. In the lack of subject implementation in mathematics education for the theory of "formative" assessment (Black & Wiliam, 2009), based on its definition, these instants should be put as their potential creations of and/or capitalizations upon certain asynchronous moments of contingency according to their planning of instructional adjustments for more comprehensive learning and definite growths of mathematical inquiries of students according to individuals' needs of problem-solving. Due to QCA, these perception changes might be characterized by four certain inductively formed categories of scenarios of perceptions, which were summarized as 1) Evaluation Perception, 2) Assumption Expansion Perception, 3) Assumption Collection Perception, and 4) Intention Indecision Perception. These scenarios of perceptions might be used to explore teachers' intentions, actions, and coherency in accounting for students' used assumptions in mathematical inquiries for given problem-solving contexts and extensions of given intentions of mathematical inquiries, particularly in their designs of mathematical tasks. Teacher uses of ill-posed problems were shown to have provided certain evidences in implementing formative assessments which should substantiate a subject implementation of its theory in the discipline of mathematics education. Methodologically, the current study also substantiate how theory-guided designs of ill-posed problems as well as generic plain text analysis through QCA have facilitate effectiveness comparisons of instructional adjustments within a teacher, across different teachers, decided prior knowledge, students of prior mathematical learning experiences, and students in different levels of schooling and class size.

Is an institutional framework of participatory mechanism for identifying the poor needs? Institutions not only act to solve poverty : they also contribute to the persistence of poverty, as the core institutional problem is the unresponsiveness of many institutions to the needs of poor people. This study focuses on the case of contemporary Vietnam, with four empirical research questions: (i) what are the poor people’s needs? (ii) how to measure the needs of poor people? (iii) what are the elements and configurations of institutions offering participatory mechanisms? (iv) how are institutional rules of participatory mechanisms established? In the first part of the book, we develop a new approach to account for the multidimensionality of poverty : a ‘mixed methods’ approach that combines the selection of a static set of core dimensions with mechanisms of deliberative participation. Based on Sen’s theoretical framework, we apply participatory assessment methods and data reduction techniques together with linear regression models, so as to measure the capabilities of poor people. Theoretical contributions from political economy, political science and policy analysis are also brought in the picture. In the second part of the book, we use Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as well as models of regression analysis, to analyze the grassroots institutions and poor people’s participation at the local level (communes). One core conclusion is that the formal institutional logics do allow some needs of poor people to be taken into account, but that this does not empower the poor themselves. Further, a strong independent civil society, combined with the direct involvement of poor people themselves, empowers the poor people at the collective choice level and leads to the best responsiveness of institutions to the poor people’s needs. This study also opens up possibilities for comparisons with other developing or transition countries.

This work deals with the issue of PLC with a focus on BPL technology (Broadbandover-power lines), which is explained in the theoretical part. The work describes in detailthe main components for PCB design with manufacturing and mounting process. Fur-thermore, the thesis provides instructions on how to establish communication betweenBPL modems and a description of individual functions. In conclusion, the procedureof measuring the noise intensity in the 230 V power line is described with the results.The output of the diploma thesis is the selection of components and the implementationof printed circuit boards for two BPL modems. These modems allow to measure SNR(signal to noise ratio) at physical speed.