Neste trabalho realizaram-se provas de identificação qualitativa e quantitativa do nitrato de econazol (matéria-prima); ensaios de caracterização térmica do nitrato de econazol, excipientes e formulação farmacêutica (creme), assim como desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica específica e seletiva para a quantificação do nitrato de econazol na formulação farmacêutica de creme. A caracterização térmica dos excipientes foi realizada usando-se a Termogravimetria (TG). Para a caracterização térmica do nitrato de econazol e da formulação foram empregadas a Termogravimetria, a Termogravimetria Derivada (TG/DTG) e a Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC). Na caracterização térmica da formulação foram identificados e quantificados dois tipos de água com interações diferentes com a matriz. No desenvolvimento da metodologia específica utilizou-se a eletroforese capilar em zona, método linear com concentrações entre 80 e 120 µg mL-1, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9995; precisão calculada como desvio padrão relativo (DPR) menor de 2%; exatidão do método comprovada mediante teste de recuperação, obtendo-se valores de 100±2,5%; limites de detecção e quantificação 1,853 µg.mL-1 e 5,617 µg.mL-1, respectivamente, comprovando-se também que o método é robusto. No desenvolvimento da metodologia seletiva foram usadas a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com eluição em gradiente (CLAE) e a eletroforese capilar pelo método da cromatografia eletrocinética micelar (MEKC). Nestes métodos foram separados o nitrato de econazol, as impurezas relatadas na literatura do nitrato de econazol (4-álcool clorobenzílico, alfa-2,4-diclorofenil-1 H¬imidazol-1-etanol) e os conservantes presentes na formulação (metilparabeno e propilparabeno). O método seletivo desenvolvido por CLAE foi linear para todas as moléculas, com coeficientes de correlação maiores de 0,99. A precisão calculada para o nitrato de econazol como DPR foi menor de 2%; a exatidão para o nitrato de econazol foi comprovada mediante teste de recuperação, obtendo-se valores de 100±2%; comprovou-se também que o método é robusto e que poderia ser aplicado para a quantificação de cada um destes cinco compostos. No método seletivo desenvolvido por MEKC se obteve tempo menor em comparação ao método por CLAE. / In this work, were performed qualitative and quantitative identitication econazole nitrate (raw material); thermal characterization of econazole nitrate, excipients and formulation (cream). There also were developed and validated specific and selective analytical methodology for quantitative determination of econazole nitrate in creams. The thermal characterization of drug product excipients was performed using the Thermogravimetry (TG). For the thermal characterization of econazole nitrate drug and their formulation were used the Thermogravimetry, Derivative Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). From cream formulation were identified and quantified two kinds of water which have different interactions with matrix. As regards lo developing of specific methodology was used the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The method was linear, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 in the concentration range of 80 to 120 µg.mL-1 of econazole nitrate, precision calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 2%, accuracy calculated percentage of recovery for commercial sample was of 100 ± 2.5%, detection and quantitation limits were 1.853 µg.mL-1 and 5.617 µg.mL-1, respectively. The CZE method showed to be robust. For developing of selective methodology were used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) methods. Econazole nitrate, related impurities the drug (4-Chlorobenzyl alcohol, alpha-2,4-dichlorophenyl-1H - imidazole-1-ethanol) and preservatives (methylparaben, propylparaben) present in the drug product were separated. The HPLC method was linear for all analytes, the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.99. The precision for nitrate econazol in terms of RSD was less than 2%, the percentage of recovery for commercial sample of econazole nitrate was 100±2%, the method is robust and could be applied for the quantitation of the five substances cited above. With the MEKC method developed the five substances were separated less time comparated with HPLC method.

No description available.

This research concentrates on the developing, implementing, and evaluating of a practical training program for the caregiver of an infant in order to provide in the infant’s primary needs and development. The research problem of quality care for the infant during the time that his mother is working was identified and discussed in chapter 1. Intervention research was used as research methodology. This methodology implies a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The first part of this research (chapters 2&3) addresses the problem analysis and information gathering linked to the development of a theoretical basis for the intervention model. Infancy as developmental stage is discussed as well as the developmental tasks that the infant must achieve during this phase in order to grow and develop as a self-actualized individual (chapter 2). It is essential for the caregiver to gain knowledge and skills about infancy, the needs and the developmental tasks of this phase. The tasks, roles, and responsibilities of the caregiver were discussed in chapter 3. The second part of this research (chapter 4) is related to the design of the intervention program, the conducting of a pilot test and the refining of the intervention. This in-home care program is theoretically funded, and it is divided practically into the five workdays of the week, in accordance with the five developmental tasks that the infant must achieve in this developmental phase. Ten caregivers willingly participated in this intervention program. In chapter 5, the empirical findings with the development and implementation of the training program for in-home care of an infant are discussed. From the information gathered during the focus groups with the mothers of infants and caregivers as well as the results from the questionnaires from pre-tests and post-tests, the researcher came to the conclusion that the research problem of quality caretaking of an infant for the time his mother is working is addressed. Through internalizing theoretical knowledge and practical skills during the training program, the caregivers are able to care optimally for an infant at home. They are equipped with play techniques and mediums which are adapted within the gestalt approach and supported by relevant aids. The caregiver is able to stimulate the infant’s developmental needs and tasks in this developmental phase. Conclusions and recommendations (chapter 6) of this study are put forward in accordance with the process that was followed in developing and implementing the training program for optimal caretaking of the infant in the safe and familiar environment of his own home. / Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

<p>U okviru disertacije kreirani su novi, nutritivno obogaćeni, fini pekarski proizvodi na bazi bra&scaron;na od cerealija i pseudocerealija, kroz čiju se proizvodnju valorizuju sporedni proizvodi prehrambene industrije &ndash; trop cvekle. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju nova saznanja o stepenu redukcije bioaktivnih jedinjenja (polifenola i betalaina) tokom postupka proizvodnje i skladi&scaron;tenja finih pekarskih proizvoda obogaćenih ekstraktom tropa cvekle, kao i njihov uticaj na reakcije neenzimskog tamnjenja.<br />Uspe&scaron;no realizovana istraživanja ukazala su na stepen stabilinosti bioaktivnih jedinjenja iz tropa cvekle inkapsulacijom na protein soje i na opravdanost primene ove metode (tehnike) u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane. Na ovaj način se obezbeđuju funkcionalni proizvodi koji sadrže dovoljnu količinu visokovrednih jedinjenja koja imaju veću bioraspoloživost i finalan zdravstveni efekat. Zbog niza prednosti inkapsulirane forme ekstrakta imaju veliki potencijal primene u industriji u vidu boja i aditiva, tj. funkcionalnih dodatakau prehrembenim ali i kozmetičkim proizvodima. Istraživanja u okviru disertacije omogućavaju dobijanje inovativnih proizvoda koji pro&scaron;iruju asortiman nutritivno vrednih proizvoda i doprinose kvalitetnijoj ishrani potro&scaron;ača.<br />Upotrebom nusproizvoda prerade voća i povrća smanjuje se količina otpada i doprinosi za&scaron;titi životne sredine, povećava dobit proizvođača kroz pobolj&scaron;anje iskori&scaron;ćenja sirovine i konkurentnosti na trži&scaron;tu.</p> / <p>Within the thesis a new, nutrient-rich, fine bakery products based on flour of cereals and pseudocereals were created, through the production of which valorizing by-products of the food industry are produced- pomace beetroot. Results of the research provide new knowledge about degree of reduction bioactive compounds (polyphenols and betalains) during process of production and storage of fine bakery products enriched with beetroot pomace extracts, as well as their influence on non-enzymatic tanning reactions.<br />Successfully realized researches have indicated degree of stability bioactive compounds from beetroot pomace by encapsulation on soy protein and justification of application this method (technique) in the production of functional food. In this way, functional products witch contain a sufficient amount of high-value compounds which have higher bioavailability and final health effect are provided. Due to a number of advantages, encapsulated form of the extract have a great potential for application in industry like food color and additives, ie. functional supplements for food and cosmetic products. Research in the framework of the thesis allow obtaining innovative products which expand the range of nutritionally valuable products and contribute to the quality consumers diet.<br />Using by-products of processing fruits and vegetables reduces the amount of waste and contributes to the protection of environment, increases the profit of producers by improving the efficiency of raw materials and market competitiveness.</p>

DAdmin / Department of Public and Development Administration / The focus of this study is on skills development at the management level of local government. Quality service delivery can only be attained when there are properly trained and skilled officials. Officials who have relevant knowledge and skills on what they are employed to do, are treasurable assets to their employers. The South African public and Vhembe District Municipality`s residence in particular expect the delivery of services that are of acceptable standard. It is therefore, imperative to have properly trained workers at this sphere of government. The study therefore, investigates whether middle and senior level officials (managers) are properly skilled to be able to provide required services to communities. The study uses a mixed research method, i.e. both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Senior level managers were taken through an interview process to try and gather data that will help to determine any challenge and even where the Municipality is managing well in providing services by virtue of it having qualified competent personnel. This process will help to identify gaps if any and thereafter suggest ways to close/overcome them. This will be done by asking these officials open-ended questions wherein they could give the researcher more information on the topic. Middle level managers were requested to complete a questionnaire with close-ended questions. This helps in bringing statistical data that focuses on relevant issues about the topic. The main findings of the study are therefore the following: ➢ Senior officials possess some skills, especially with regards to leadership although specific areas of functioning were not indicated. Besides this, a number of problem areas were highlighted ranging from planning; organising; v communication; interpersonal relations; financial management; strategic management; and labour relations. This could be instigated by the fact that available skills are misdirected through the misplacement of officials with regards to the actual skills they have and positions they are placed on. ➢ Although not everyone is the Municipality is consulted on an individual basis when the analysis of training needs is undertaken and when designing training programmes, a reasonable number of officials are however involved. In doing this, the Municipality partners with SALGA and the LGSETA. All officials are thereafter given an opportunity to attend trainings as per the identified skills gaps, however, a number of officials, especially elderly people are reluctant to attend such trainings because they know they are close to retirement and to them is like being punished as they won`t be using such skills for long. ➢ Poor skills impact negatively on the Municipality`s efforts to provide acceptable services as it hampers the delivery of quality goods and services. This is further exacerbated by the exodus of officials with scarce skills who are difficult to retain due to their demand by institutions. The deployment of cadres without the requisite skills for the jobs, costs the Municipality dearly as they fail to execute what they are employed for due to lack of knowledge. Furthermore, the approach of outsourcing the provision of goods and services does not always benefit the Municipality and communities as private companies try to minimise costs in order to attain profit and in that process, end up providing poor quality goods and services. ➢ Accountability is well maintained at the lower level positions in the Municipality as work is regularly monitored by supervisors, however, the challenge is with senior level officials who should account for the institution holistically. This is necessitated by the fact that senior level positions are mostly occupied by deployed cadres which makes it difficult to pin point accountability because such people turn to get directives from deployers and they also report to them, to the demise of the internal system. vi The following recommendations are therefore made based on the findings of the study: ➢ As the Municipality conducts a training needs analysis every-time before designing training programmes for officials, in ascertaining the real skills gaps, the Municipality should continue to conduct such skills audit exercises that will also lead to proper placement of officials in positions they qualify for and after determining genuine skills gaps institute relevant and effective intervention strategies and mechanisms that could help improve officials` knowledge and skills. ➢ Attending training by officials should be mandatory when a skills gap has been identified and in applying this, appointment letters and performance contract agreements for those already in the employment of the Municipality should have a clause about mandatory training, where and when deemed necessary. ➢ The Municipality should consider sending officials to reputable service providers on issues that are problematic to officials, for example, planning; communication; financial management; strategic management; and labour relations and this should be done twice a year. ➢ In line with the proposed skills training model on figure 2.4, the Municipality should expect trainees to be assessed after a training to determine their level of competence and good performance be rewarded. ➢ The merit principle be followed, in appointing and promoting employees even with deployed cadres, to avoid placing people on positions they do not qualify for. ➢ The EPWP that is run by the Municipality in partnership with the Department of Public Works be extended to train professionals and people who deserve be put on beneficial programmes that will give them skills that are required to develop the Municipality instead of confining them to the task of de-bushing grass and trees along roads. vii ➢ Managers continue to give their subordinates a chance to act on their behalf during their absence from work to help in equipping juniors to be ready for more challenging responsibilities in future. ➢ The Municipality should appoint credible service providers when outsourcing services. ➢ The Municipality should make sure that the procurement section functions properly. ➢ Retention of officials with scarce skills be a priority. ➢ The Municipality should always implement audit recommendations to improve its governance. ➢ The Municipality should warn officials, especially politicians (councilors), not to promise communities goods and services that might be difficult to honour and be realistic based on affordability. ➢ The Municipality should establish reliable control and monitoring measures and systems in place in order to enforce accountability. ➢ Officials to sign a code of conduct expecting them to be loyal to the Municipality and not to outside people. ➢ The Municipality should develop a proper performance management system with clear key performance areas to make officials committed to their work. ➢ / NRF

The dissertation consists of an introduction and three empirical articles. The introduction gives the theoretical background, integrates the three articles, and elaborates on future research questions. The first article investigates the important decision in the lives of German and Indian university students to identify the important areas of decision making. The second article examines the structure of real life decision making and reveals the underlying factors of five major decision areas. The third article investigates the similarities and differences on decision making between German and Indian students using prior qualitative findings in a large quantitative survey.

Ireland experienced an unprecedented arrival of immigrants during the years of economic prosperity. The new diversity was met with divided public opinion towards non-Irish and an increasingly selective immigration policy. The media, as a main contributor to public discourse, play an important role in the construction of migrant images and therefore have a profound impact on such developments. Employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, this study examines whether different immigrant groups have the same chance of favourable or unfavourable portrayal in daily newspapers. Based on the most frequent roles and topics associated with Poles, Nigerians and Chinese, a selection of newspaper articles is subjected to in-depth analysis. The overarching result that there is not one image of the Irish media illustrates how difficult, if not impossible, it is to arrive at findings that can be generalised. Individual newspapers are found to pursuit varying and sometimes covert strategies in the representation of immigrants. It is further shown that immigrants who are perceived as culturally closer to Irishness have a higher chance of favourable portrayal than those who are perceived as culturally more distant. Some commonly accepted perceptions of immigrants are unmasked as myths.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the process of online persuasion in the case of higher education applicants for bachelor's and master's programmes at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University (FSV UK) subject to tuition fees. The selected programmes form a specific class within the set of study programmes offered by the faculty resulting in necessity of different promotion strategies. The specificity of these programmes lies in the primary focus on multidisciplinarity, specific target group and the requirement of tuition fee payment. Online marketing and the recipient's persuasion being an effective tool gaining attention rapidly in recent years is the focus of this thesis. The attitudes of the main actors involved in the online persuasion in case of FSV UK are analyzed employing both quantitative (a questionnaire survey) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews with applicants and students) approaches. A SWOT analysis is performed based on a theoretical framework of information from universities, university marketing, marketing mix of universities and the persuasive principles and tools used to persuade the applicants to apply for studies at FSV UK. The work concludes with a summary of results obtained in a proposal of marketing strategy optimization for the Department of Public...

The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of regional differences in long-term plans of education development in these regions. The theoretical part begins with the definition of key terms related to education policy, then with the legislative framework for the creation of long-term plans and links these documents to national and European strategic documents in education. In the research part are analyzed both documents, their logical interconnection and relation to national strategic documents and outputs of each part. The main part is focused on the comparison of both documents and their influence on the development of education in the given region. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the form, outputs and differences of both documents both in relation to national strategic documents in education. There are used methods of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, theoretical-empirical method, document analysis. KEYWORDS educational policy, strategic documents in education, comparison, South Moravian Region, Moravian-Silesian Region, long-term intention, qualitative and quantitative research, content analysis

This paper brings critical sociological analysis of contemporary situation on the EMS field in Czech Republic and discovers several topics which seemed to be less emphasized at that time. The result of the study is complex description of the EMT's personality, particular types, the population as a whole, specific relationships between variables and a few problems identified during the survey. Using mixed design research methods, the author deals with the emergency medical services in Czech Republic and it's employees. Based on the narrative data collected in speeches with the EMS staff, the typology of EMT's was created, considering their work attitudes, and a set of hypothesis was created as well. On this basis the continuing quantitative research was designed, verifying the validity of previous findings. The paper offers possible directions, how to continue in forthcoming research.