IKEA is a unique home furnishing retailer in selling water washable slip covers for living room sofa.The aim of this research is to set product requirements for sofa covers in accordance with the usage at home by customers.This was done by conducting consumer survey to understand need, reviewing existing quality, test methods and proposal of new requirements and test methods. The overall objective is every day quality guarantee and better communication with customers in store. / Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management

Nowadays, almost all organizations use information technologies (IT) in some extent that they have gained many advantages from it. However, the wrong management of IT processes may cause big problems for organizations. It is first required to reach the quality to successfully govern IT and its processes. At this point, it is essential to have a quality maturity framework that organizations could use to follow a logical path in achieving quality. This thesis represents a study for determining the general quality requirements of a possible quality maturity framework for IT facilities in organizations. Many quality models, awards and frameworks will be discussed to determine those quality requirements and a possible leveling of the requirements will be also represented. Besides, a quality assessment survey will be performed in Turkish institutions regarding the quality requirements and the factors affecting them to determine the quality level of IT facilities in Turkish institutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T13:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 1.pdf: 1747040 bytes, checksum: e721dae3e75eaa9c1d71c34e1e09b92b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O desenvolvimento tecnológico tem se mostrado um elemento fundamental para a estratégia de inovação das organizações e dos países. A geração de inovações permite o sustento de vantagem competitiva no mercado, entretanto exige um alto nível de capacidade tecnológica. Neste contexto algumas empresas e instituições têm adotado o Projeto de Transferência de Tecnologia (PTT) como principal estratégia para oferecer produtos tecnologicamente mais avançados. Este fenômeno tem sido observado no Brasil nos últimos anos, por meio da política das Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP), implementadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Assim, objetivo do presente trabalho visa analisar os requisitos da qualidade aplicados na transferência de tecnologia em uma empresa de produtos imunobiológicos, com foco na gestão da qualidade e com base na aplicação de uma abordagem qualitativa, a fim de identificar os pontos de melhoria entre a empresa emissora e a receptora. Como objetivos específicos destacamos a identificação das possíveis barreiras durante o andamento do PTT, a realização de pesquisa qualitativa com colaboradores que possuam alinhamento com o PTT, o desenvolvimento de diagrama de afinidades com agrupamento de resultados e o cruzamento dos resultados com os requisitos da qualidade identificando os pontos de melhoria. O trabalho identificou que a empresa possui expertise e rotina nos assuntos relacionados à qualidade. No entanto, buscando a excelência para os assuntos relacionados aos requisitos da qualidade em projetos faz-se necessário a busca pela melhoria continua na rotina de novos projetos que envolva a participação mais efetiva do Departamento da Garantia da Qualidade, por meio da elaboração de um Plano de Gerenciamento da Qualidade em PTT. / Technological development has been shown to be an essential element in the innovation strategy of organizations and countries. The generation of innovations enables the sustenance of competitive advantage in the marketplace, however requires a high level of technological capability. In this context some companies and institutions have adopted the Technology Transfer Project (TTP) as its main strategy to offer more technologically advanced products. This phenomenon has been observed in Brazil in recent years, through the policy of Partnerships for the Productive Development (PDP), implemented by the Ministry of Health. Thus, objective of the present work aims at analyzing the quality requirements applied to the transfer of technology in an enterprise of biologicals products, with a focus on quality management and based on application of a qualitative approach in order to identify the points of improvement between the issuing firm and the receiver. Specific objectives include the identification of possible barriers during the progress of the PTT, carrying out qualitative research with employees that have alignment with the PTT, the development of affinity diagram with result grouping and a cross-check of the outcome with the quality requirements identifying the points of improvement. The work identified that the company has expertise and routine in matters related to quality. However, seeking excellence for matters related to project quality requirements it is necessary to search for continuous improvement in the routine of new projects involving the more effective participation of the quality assurance Department, through the elaboration of a plan of quality management at PTT.

Context. Requirements play vital role in building the software application.These requirements are of two types: Functional requirements andNon-functional requirements (or quality requirements). Many of the organizationsconsider only functional requirements during the early stages ofdevelopment cycle. Poor management of the non-functional requirementsmay affect factors such as success rate, project cost and standards of thebuilding product. So it is important to manage the quality requirements inthe right phase at the right time. Our thesis mainly concentrates on fivequality aspects of Requirements Engineering Process. The quality aspectsElicitation, Quality Requirements Metrics, Dependencies, Cost Estimationand Prioritization.We have concentrated on whether there are any changesin the focus on the quality requirements depending on the quality aspectsof requirement engineering process and in identifying which quality requirementis analysed at each of the five quality aspects depending on the functionalrequirements. And we also tried to identify the challenges faced bythe organizations due to handling of quality requirements at each of the fivequality aspects of the requirement engineering process in order to provideuseful information to the further studies to this problem. Objectives. In this thesis, we investigated how the quality requirementsare handled and managed in the 5 quality aspects of requirements engineeringprocess. The main objectives in this thesis are: To identify if the focus on quality requirements change with respect to tothe quality aspects of RE process. To identify a correlation between focusing on certain functional requirementand the resulting type of quality requirement i.e.; impact onquality requirements based on selected functional requirement. To identify the challenges faced by the organizations when focusing onthe quality requirements in each of quality aspects mentioned earlier. Methods. In this thesis study we first conducted a Systematic LiteratureReview (SLR) through Snowballing process to identify available literatureabout functional and non-functional requirements. Later Narrative analysiswas used to analyse the SLR results. Further an industrial survey wasconducted. Statistical analysis was performed, chi-square test of significancewas used to analyse the results. Results. The results for the research questions of this thesis are observedentirely through survey results. Data that is collected through SLR is usedto validate the obtained results. From the survey responses, it is observedthat among the five quality aspects that are identified through SLR, qualitymetrics is given more importance by large number of organisations and isfollowed by cost estimation. It is observed that elicitation is identified byless number of respondents. It is also observed that more number of respondentssuggested that there will not be any change in the focus of qualityrequirements depending on the quality aspects of RE process. It is identifiedthat there is a high impact of the selection of functional requirementson the quality requirements as per the survey results and majority of therespondents stated that the selection of quality requirements is dependenton the functional requirements. It is interesting that from the survey results,it is identified that almost half of the respondents’ organisations aretreating functional requirements equally and half of them are treating separately.Several challenges that may arise while implementing the qualityrequirements are also identified through both SLR and survey. Conclusions. This thesis help the further researches to get a detailed ideaon quality requirements, their usage in the organisations and the challengesfaced by them while implementing quality requirements. As this study involvedseveral observations that are related to the influence of functionalrequirements on quality requirements and the relation between the managementof quality requirements and RE process, it serves as a reference forfurther studies on quality requirements and gives scope to derive many newideas related to the maintenance of quality requirements. This work can befurther improved by considering large population of survey.

Context. Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are important aspects which directly or indirectly determine whether a product is a success or a failure. It becomes essential to incorporate and understand them, before the software product enters the development phase. Despite the increasing emphasis put into NFR studies (namely; models and frameworks etc.) over the past few years, most industries prefer not use these techniques or to deal with NFRs later, in simpler manners. This could limit the efficiency of the development process. Integration of the existing NFR models/frameworks into the earlier phases of the product life cycle can provide a systematic approach to plan and anticipate NFRs for any software product. Objectives. This study aims to provide a generic meta model which acts as a compilation of the best NFR models/frameworks integrated into the early phases of the software product life cycle. This study also provides a real-world example which applies the conceptual meta model. Lastly, the meta model undergoes some limited validation to determine its relevance to what is being used and the extent of its practical use. Methods. Initially, a systematic literature review (snowballing) was conducted, to identify the different types of NFR models/frameworks. A comparative pro-con analysis was performed on the results of the SLR, which was the basis of the inclusion criteria for the meta model. The conceptual meta model was developed based on the International Software Product Management Association’s (ISPMA) definition of a product life cycle. Each phase of this meta model was imbedded with an NFR model/framework associated to the purpose of that phase and the results from the SLR. The application of the meta model was then demonstrated using a mobile phone example. Finally, the meta model was validated limitedly via an exploratory survey and the results were analyzed. Results. The meta model introduced can be used for the constructive inclusion of NFRs from product inception to product development. All phases required for the fulfillment of an NFR, are included. The overall positive feedback of the meta model is at 67%. Validations and assessments by practitioners helped determine to some extent that some industries are open to using the approach. Keeping in mind most of the available models on NFRs have not been validated, the NFR works used in this research have gone through some preliminary validation in this study. Conclusions. The study promotes the use of NFR models in the early phases of the software product life cycle. Some of the best modeling techniques were included based on results of literature analysis and their capability to fit into each phase. This study also analyzed the various insights of practitioners and researchers, justifying the significance of modeling, and the proposed technique. Possible extensions to this research were also mentioned.

Requirement engineering (RE) is an important phase in any project. Both functional and non-functional requirements are required to be elicited. Quality requirements (QRs) are usually catered at the end of software development process. Along with functional requirements, non-functional (QRs) also need to be handled and implemented through a structural way. It is observed that most organizations do not have proper management for quality requirements in their project life cycles. Especially if we consider the case of market driven requirement engineering (MDRE), it is a dire need to handle those QRs along with the functional requirement using a structural way. In this study we investigate Requirements Abstraction Model (RAM), which is basically designed for MDRE and is the case of continuous RE. The purpose was to analyze RAM specifications, which could be able to provide an effective way of manage QRs. RAM also deals with the specification of QRs, so it was required to investigate that how effective RAM can handle the creation of QRs.

The conventional manufacturing methods, such as milling and turning, are reliable methods which makes them commonly used. These methods are capable of producing high precision details with high surface quality. But there are drawbacks and limitations. Many of these methods are expensive and require high production volume to be profitable. The design constraints for conventional manufacturing methods are usually determined by the machining tools, which restrict shape and form.Additive manufacturing methods have gained high attraction in the last decades as an alternative to conventional methods. With greater design freedom, ease to use interface and minimal material waste, cost and time usage can be minimized. But changing the production process requires high knowledge of capability and limitations for these methods. This step is critical to assure the right detail and quality requirements. Additive manufacturing at present is limited to material selection, low precision and possibility of reduced mechanical properties. This report aims to investigate additive manufacturing and the possibility of replacing conventional manufacturing of tools and products. / De traditionella tillverkningsmetoderna (TT), exempelvis fräsning eller svarvning, är något många företag använder sig av för att bearbeta fram sina produkter. Dessa processer ger hög precision, snäva toleranser och en god ytfinish vid tillverkning. Men som för alla processer finns även nackdelar och begränsningar. Många av dessa processer är väldigt dyra och kräver större tillverkningsvolymer för att bli lönsamma. De har även begränsningar i frihet vid formgivning och kräver bland annat större kunskap hos operatören och leder till materialspill. På senare tid har additiva tillverkningsmetoder (AT) lockat många tillverkare för att byta ut de traditionella processerna. Med sin frihet i formgivning, enkelhet och diversitet ser man potential i att spara både tid och pengar. Men att byta ut nuvarande produktionsmetod kräver god förståelse av den nya metodens kapacitet och begränsningar. Detta för att kunna säkerställa kvalitetskrav för det tänkta arbetet. AT i dagens läge är begränsad till materialval, ger långt ifrån de snäva toleranser som kan åstadkommas med traditionella tillverkningsmetoderna, och kan påverka de mekaniska egenskaperna hos den tillverkade detaljen negativt. Vissa AT metoder kräver dessutom höga investeringskostnader och det visar sig inte alltid vara mer lönsamt mot traditionella tillverkningsmetoder. I detta arbete ska just detta undersökas och huruvida AT kan konkurrera med traditionella tillverkningsmetoder, samt hur AT kan säkerställa de krav som finns på befintlig produktion av detaljer. Detta arbete är en förstudie om additiv tillverkning och dess möjligheter att ersätta befintlig produktion av verktyg och produkter.

Tyrimo objektas – alyvuogių aliejaus informacijos srauto trikdžiai. Tyrimo tikslas - išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą ir atlikus tiekėjų ir vartotojų apklausą įvertinti alyvuogių aliejaus informacijos srauto trikdžius ir pateikti pasiūlymus jų šalinimui. Uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti komunikacijos proceso teorinius aspektus. 2. Atlikti informacijos srauto trikdžių analizę. 3. Atlikti alyvuogių aliejaus pirkėjų ir tiekėjų apklausą. 4. Pateikti alyvuogių aliejaus „gamintojas – vartotojas“ grandinės trikdžių šalinimo ir tobulinimo pasiūlymus. Tyrimo metodai - mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė, trys anketinės apklausos (Profesionalūs kulinarai, maisto prekių parduotuvių darbuotojai (tarpininkai) ir alyvuogių aliejaus pirkėjai), alyvuogių aliejaus pardavimų skaičiavimas ir analizė „AGNUM“ programa, grafinis vaizdavimas ir modeliavimas, duomenų grupavimas, analizė bei rezultatų apibendrinimas. Tyrimo rezultatai. Baigiamajame išnagrinėtas marketingo komunikacijos poveikis vartotojui teoriniu aspektu. Atlikta išsami informacijos srauto trikdžių analizė. Atlikta alyvuogių aliejaus pirkėjų ir tiekėjų apklausa, pateikti anketinių apklausų duomenys bei sudarytas rinkodaros komunikacijos alyvuogių aliejaus ,,gamintojas – vartotojas“ modelis. Pateiktas alyvuogių aliejaus „gamintojas – vartotojas“ grandinės trikdžių šalinimo būdai bei tobulinimo pasiūlymai. / Object of research - disturbances of information flow in olive oil production. Aim - to analyze scientific literature, to make survey of suppliers and consumers, to evaluate disturbancies of information flow in olive oil production, to submit proposals for improvement. Objectives: 1. to define the theoretical aspects of the communication process. 2. to perform analysis of information flow disturbances. 3. to survey buyers and suppliers of olive oil. 4. to identify problems in olive oil circuit „producer – consumer“ and to make proposals for improvement. Research methods - analysis and synthesis of literature, questionnaire, graphical representation and modeling, data aggregation, analysis. Research results. The first part deals with theoretical point of consumers attitude to marketing communication. The second part analizes types of olive oil, the qualitative requirements for the certification system in the European Union and in Lithuania. The third part analyzes the flow of information from producer to consumer. A questionnaire-based surveys is presented and marketing communication model „producer – consumer“ for olive oil is proposed.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-13T16:09:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Mellyna Maria de Freitas Wendland.pdf: 10794877 bytes, checksum: 31daaf950a63ee3f04d7736ccdaf1576 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T11:45:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Mellyna Maria de Freitas Wendland.pdf: 10794877 bytes, checksum: 31daaf950a63ee3f04d7736ccdaf1576 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T11:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Mellyna Maria de Freitas Wendland.pdf: 10794877 bytes, checksum: 31daaf950a63ee3f04d7736ccdaf1576 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / CAPES / Este trabalho analisa a qualidade de ambientes internos de habitações construídas em série, de condomínios horizontais fechados, em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. A produção, em foco, corresponde às habitações destinadas às populações da classe média e alta da capital do Estado. Para este procedimento, adaptaram-se alguns métodos nacionais e internacionais de avaliação da qualidade habitacional, com suas devidas retificações e conformações a realidade brasileira, principalmente, matogrossense. Os onze indicadores estabelecidos receberam um critério de ponderação, de forma a simplificar a pontuação do universo amostral. O resultado alcançado ratifica a identificação de projetos com maior e menor qualidade, proporcionados em função dos diferentes arranjos espaciais e áreas ofertados. Das 37 tipologias analisadas apenas quatro, 10.81 % das amostras não obtiveram nenhum conceito considerado crítico. Este resultado mostra que a qualidade de projetos e produtos da construção civil brasileira ainda deixa muito a desejar, mesmo quando destinados a classes econômicas e sociais mais abastadas. E ainda, o arranjo inadequado do espaço pode comprometer a qualidade independentemente da área do empreendimento. O desenvolvimento obtido, através do método, imprime ao trabalho um crescente e notável grau de importância como indutor de um procedimento capaz de estabelecer critérios de qualidade de projeto e do produto habitacional. Espera-se com esta pesquisa contribuir para uma melhor concepção, análise e avaliação de habitações isoladas, edifícios de apartamentos e conjuntos residenciais e não somente para moradias de condomínios horizontais fechados. / This work analyzes the quality of indoor environments of serial homes built in horizontal closed condominiums in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso State, between the years 2000 and 2010. The production, in focus, corresponds to housing for the people of the middle and upper social classes. For this procedure, adapted some national and international methods of housing quality assessment, with its appropriate corrections and conformations mainly Mato Grosso and Brazilian realities. The eleven indicators established were given a balancing test, in order to simplify the score of the sample universe. The result achieved confirms the identification of projects with higher and lower quality, provided for different spatial arrangements offered and areas. Of the 37 types analyzed, only four, 10.81 %, hadn’t a concept considered critical. This result shows that the quality of projects and the Brazilian building industry still leaves much to be desired, even when intended to higher economic and social classes. And yet, inadequate space arrangement may compromise the quality of the project regardless of the area. The development obtained through this method gives to this work an increasingly remarkable degree of importance as an inducer of a procedure capable of establishing criteria for design and housing product quality. It is expected that this research contribute to a better design, analysis and evaluation of isolated dwellings, apartment buildings and residential complexes and not only for housings in horizontal closed condominiums.

I dagsläget råder det en stor bostadsbrist i Sverige eftersom bostadsbeståndet inte räcker för att tillfredsställa efterfrågan. För att lösa problemet måste det byggas fler bostäder. Bara under första halvåret 2016 byggdes ca 21 000 nya bostäder och ytterligare ca 28 000 bostäder har påbörjats. Innan byggherrarna kan starta konstruktionen av nya bostäder måste det finnas lämplig mark att bygga på. Stor del av den mark som är lämplig för bostadsändamål ägs av kommunerna, vilket gör att byggherrarna ofta är beroende av kommunal mark. Samtliga 289 kommuner som svarat på frågan i 2016 års bostadsmarknadsenkät, om de äger lämplig mark för bostadsbyggande svarade ”Ja”. Frågeställningarna som behandlas i detta arbete är: A. Hur prissätter kommunerna mark för byggande av flerbostadshus? B. Hur påverkar kvalitetskrav (t.ex. miljö- gestaltnings- och hållbarhetskrav) markpriset och hur kontrolleras dessa krav av kommunen? C. Hur skiljer sig markpriset mellan anbud- och fastprisanvisning? För att få svar på dessa frågeställningar har tre olika metoder använts.Den första metoden var att granska kommunernas markanvisningspolicy som de ska ha enligt Lag om riktlinjer för kommunala markanvisningar. Det utfördes också en granskning av markanvisningar där några skett via anbud på pris och några som skett via fastpris för att avgöra om det finns en skillnad i markpriserna. Till sist utfördes också en intervju med tjänstemän från kommunerna med frågor utifrån de tidigare genomförda granskningarna. Genom de utförda metoderna framkom det svar på frågeställningarna. Båda kommunerna ger mark för byggande av flerbostadshus ett värde i kr/kvm BTA där källare och kalla ytor exkluderas. En skillnad där var att Gävle kommun använder externa värderingsföretag och Stockholm kommun har två interna värderingsenheter.   Detta arbete visade att kommunerna inte har några tydliga metoder för kvalitetsuppföljning. Det framkom under intervjuerna att de flesta krav som ställs vid markanvisningarna är kopplade till bygglovens giltighet.  Granskningen av markanvisningarna visar att 4 av 5 markanvisningar som skett via anbud på pris markanvisats till ett dyrare pris än de andra. Det kan därför vara av intresse att vidare undersöka frågan för att kontrollera om det stämmer överlag. / Sweden is currently suffering from a major shortage of housing because the number of houses can’t satisfy the demand. To solve the problem more houses needs to be built. In the first half of 2016 approximately 21 000 new houses were built and another 28 000 got started. Before the builders can start the construction of the new houses, there need to be suitable land to build on. The municipalities own a large part of the land that is suitable for residential purposes, which means that the builder often are dependant on municipal land. All municipalities who answered the question, in the 2016 housing market survey, if they own suitable land for housing replied “Yes”. There are three main questions that will be answered in this paper: A. How do the municipalities price land for the construciton of apartmentbuildnings? B. How does quality requirements affect the land price and how are theserequirements checked by the municipality? C. How does the land price differ between bid and fixed priced landallocations? To answer these questions a few different methods have been used. The first method was to review the municipal policy for land allocation which they are requeired by law to have. There were also a review done of land allocation agreements, some that were sold by bid and some that were sold with a fixed price. Finally interviews were performed with questions based on the previously done reviews. Through the methods performed, the questions were answered. Both municipalities gives the land a value of SEK/sqm gross area where basements and cold areas are excluded. One difference is that Gävle uses external valuators while Stockholm has two internal units that performs the valuations of the land. This work showed that neither of the municipalies have a clear method of following up on the quality requirements. During the interviews it was explained that most of the requirements were tied to the building permits validity. The review of the land allocation agreements showed that 4 out of 5 land allocations that were made by bid were priced higher then thoose with a fixed price. It may therefore be of interest to further investigate the question.