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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

"Contribuições para a modelagem de dispositivos semicondutores baseados em contatos Schottky heterodimensionais" / Contributions for the modelling of the semiconductor devices based on heterodimensional Schottky Contacts

Regiane Aparecida Ragi Pereira 21 February 2003 (has links)
Esta tese trata da modelagem das características eletrônicas de dispositivos semicondutores baseados em contatos Schottky heterodimensionais, definidos como contatos entre um metal e um sistema de dimensionalidade reduzida. Especificamente, este trabalho concentra-se na situação em que o metal é posto em contato direto com um gás eletrônico bidimensional presente na interface de uma heterojunção empregando dopagem modulada. Dispositivos de interesse são diodos Schottky, bem como estruturas do tipo metal-semicondutor-metal (MSM). Para a característica capacitância-tensão, C-V, é desenvolvido um modelo quasi-bidimensional que apresenta excelente concordância com os resultados experimentais disponíveis. Do ponto de vista da característica corrente-tensão, I-V, é apresentado um modelo unificado, considerando tanto o mecanismo de tunelamento, quanto o de emissão termoiônica. Nossas previsões teóricas, suportadas por alguns indicativos experimentais, sugerem que, para aplicações em fotodetecção, o uso de contatos heterodimensionais, substituindo junções metal-semicondutor convencionais, pode reduzir a corrente de escuro em pelo menos uma ordem de magnitude. / This thesis deals with the modeling of the electronic characteristics of semiconductor devices based on heterodimensional Schottky contacts, defined as contacts between a metal and a reduced dimensionality system. Specifically, this work focus on the situation in which a metal is placed in direct contact with a two dimensional electron gas located at the interface of a modulation doped heterojunction. Devices of interest are Schottky diodes as well as metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structures. For the capacitance-voltage characteristics a quasi two-dimensional model is developed, which yields very good agreement with available experimental results. For the current-voltage characteristics a unified model is presented, considering the tunneling as well as the thermionic emission mechanisms. Our theoretical predictions, supported by a few experimental findings, suggest that, for photodetection applications, the use of heterodimensional contacts, replacing conventional metal-semiconductor junctions, can reduce the dark current by at least one order of magnitude.
132

Aspectos de modelagem numérica de transistores de fios quânticos / Aspects of numerical modeling of quantum wire transistors

Rafael Vinicius Tayette da Nobrega 22 July 2010 (has links)
Esta dissertação discute o desenvolvimento de modelos analíticos e numéricos para as características elétricas de transistores de fios quânticos. Sendo assim, realizou-se um estudo implementando uma sequência de formalismos e ferramentas computacionais para solução auto-consistente das equações de Schrödinger e Poisson para poços e fios quânticos. Com a utilização deste método numérico pode-se determinar os auto-estados os níveis de energias e as densidades eletrônicas de portadores livres, dentre outros parâmetros relevantes para dispositivos de fio quântico. Adicionalmente, realizou-se um estudo analítico das heteroestruturas semicondutoras de interesse para a área de dispositivos de dimensionalidade reduzida. Este estudo levou a obtenção de resultados referentes ao desenvolvimento de modelos teóricos para as características elétricas de dispositivos baseados no mecanismo de tunelamento ressonante. Os resultados obtidos para a característica corrente-tensão (I-V) nas heteroestruturas investigadas foram contrastados satisfatoriamente com os encontrados na literatura. Este ferramental analítico foi então aplicado para computar o coeficiente de transmissão eletrônico de um diodo de fio quântico com tunelamento ressonante. / This dissertation discusses the development of analytical and numerical models for the electrical characteristics of quantum wire transistors. A study is carried out, implementing a sequence of formalisms and computational tools for the self-consistent solution of the equations of Schrödinger and Poisson in quantum wells and quantum wires. By using this numerical formulation it is possible to determine the eigenstates, energy levels and free-carrier electronic density, among other relevant parameters for quantum wire devices. In addition, we also conducted an analytical study concerning semiconductor heetrostrucures of interest for reduced dimensionality devices applications. This study led to results regarding the development of theoretical models for the electrical characteristics of devices based on the resonant tunneling mechanism. The results obtained for the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in the investigated heterostructures were satisfactorily compared to those available at the published literature and this analytical tool was then used to compute the electronic transmission coefficient in a resonant tunneling quantum wire diode.
133

Nanolasers de semicondutor metálico-dielétrico com bombeio eletrônico = a influência do meio de ganho / Metallo-dielectric semiconductor nanolasers with electronic pumping : the influence of the gain media

Vallini, Felipe, 1985- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Newton Cesario Frateschi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estaual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:02:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vallini_Felipe_D.pdf: 6501837 bytes, checksum: 9c23f9afa5633adc0e7fa246e3bcafc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho são investigados os nanolasers de semicondutor do tipo metálico-dielétrico com injeção eletrônica. Com o uso de softwares robustos otimizamos as propriedades eletromagnéticas das cavidades propostas através da solução das equações de Maxwell em um meio material. Também resolvemos auto-consistentemente as equações de Poisson, de continuidade, de transporte e de Schroedinger para obter as propriedades eletrônicas da cavidade. Tal otimização, considerando a parte de confinamento do modo em conjunto com a parte da injeção eletrônica nunca havia sido proposta ou realizada para nanolasers. Estudamos o efeito do meio de ganho em um nanolaser desse tipo através da comparação do desempenho de um nanolaser com meio de ganho bulk e outro com meio de ganho de múltiplos poços quânticos. Essa análise foi feita inserindo um modelo de reservatório de portadores às equações de taxa convencionais para nanolasers. Fabricamos dois nanolasers, um com cada meio de ganho. Os nanolasers foram caracterizados e demonstramos que um meio de ganho bulk é mais adequado ao desenvolvimento de nanolasers de semicondutor metálico-dielétrico com bombeio eletrônico. Por fim, medimos um nanolaser com meio de ganho bulk a 77 K, o qual apresentou uma corrente de limiar da ordem de 2 mA, emissão em 1567 nm e largura de linha de 0.4 nm / Abstract: In this work we have investigated metallo-dielectric semiconductor nanolasers with electronic pumping. We have optimized the electromagnetic properties of the proposed cavities through the solution of Maxwell equations in a material media using robust software. We also solved self-consistently Poisson, continuity, transport and Schrodinger equations to obtain the electronic properties of the cavities. Such optimization, which considers the optical mode confinement together with the electronic injection, had not been proposed or realized for nanolasers yet. We have studied the effect of the gain media in this class of nanolaser comparing the performance of a nanolaser with bulk gain media and a nanolaser with multiple quantum wells gain media. This analysis was done inserting a reservoir model for carriers into conventional laser rate equations. We have fabricated two nanolasers, each one with one of the proposed gain media. The nanolasers were measured and we demonstrated that a bulk gain media is more suitable for the development of metallo-dielectric semiconductor nanolasers with electronic pumping. Finally, we have measured a bulk gain media nanolaser at 77 K, with a threshold current of 2 mA, emission at 1567 nm and a linewidth of 0.4 nm / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências
134

Composants optoélectroniques à base d'alliages SiGe riches en Ge pour le proche et moyen infrarouge / Optoelectronic components based on Ge-rich SiGe alloys for near and mid infrared

Vakarin, Vladyslav 11 December 2017 (has links)
Aujourd’hui les interconnections optiques ont devancé les interconnections électriques à longue, moyenne et courte distance dans le domaine des télécommunications. La photonique silicium a connu un tel développement que même les interconnections inter et intra puces deviennent progressivement à dominante optique. En revanche, la multiplication des terminaux d’accès et l’augmentation constante du volume de données échangées imposent l’apparition de nouveaux composants avec une consommation énergétique encore plus faible. Dans ce contexte, les composants optoélectroniques à faible consommation à base des puits quantiques Ge/SiGe ont été développés. Jusqu’à présent l’utilisation des puits quantiques Ge/SiGe était seulement limitée aux modulateurs à électro-absorption Les travaux menés durant la première partie de ma thèse consistaient à étudier un nouveau type de région active à base de puits quantiques Ge/SiGe couplés. Ces études ont abouti à la démonstration d’un effet d’électro-réfraction géant dans ces structures. La région active basée sur les puits couplés donne lieu à une variation de l’indice de réfraction de 2.3×10-3 sous une tension de 1.5 V seulement. L’utilisation d’un tel effet pour la réalisation de modulateurs optiques intégrés a ensuite nécessité le développement des briques de base passives afin d’obtenir une structure interférométrique. Des virages compacts et des interféromètres de Mach Zehnder sont conçus, fabriqués et caractérisés avec succès. La sensibilité de ces structures à la polarisation est évaluée par simulation numérique et les structures insensibles à la polarisation sont conçues. Un modulateur à électroréfraction intégré est ensuite conçu et fabriqué, nécessitant la mise en place d’un nouveau procédé technologique. Les résultats de caractérisation préliminaires sont présentés. Les perspectives de ce travail sont la réalisation d’un modulateur efficace ayant une tension de commande inférieure à 2V.Le champ d’application des circuits photoniques ne se limite pas au secteur des télécommunications. L’approche basée sur l’optique intégrée est aussi très prometteuse pour l’identification et analyse des espèces chimiques environnantes. La région spectrale de moyen infrarouge est particulièrement adaptée à cet effet car les raies d’absorption spécifiques de nombreuses espèces chimiques y sont présentes. L’utilisation des circuits optiques sur substrat silicium permet de développer des systèmes spectroscopiques performants, compacts et à bas cout. La seconde partie de ma thèse était dédiée au développement de la plateforme photonique large-bande basée sur les guides d’ondes Si1-xGex riches en Ge. Les guides d’onde large bande fonctionnant entre 5.5 et 8.6 µm ont été démontrés expérimentalement ce qui a permis de concevoir des structures plus complexes telles que les MMI et les interféromètres de Mach Zehnder ultra large bande. Le même dispositif possède une bande passante théorique de 3.5 µm en polarisation TE et d’une octave en polarisation TM. Le fonctionnement a été démontré expérimentalement entre 5.5 et 8.6 µm et est seulement limité par la plage de longueurs d’ondes adressable par le laser. Ce travail ouvre les perspectives pour la future démonstration des systèmes spectroscopiques ultra-large bande sur la plateforme Si1-xGex riche en Ge. Une dernière partie de ce travail a été consacrée à l’étude de la génération de la seconde harmonique dans les puits quantiques Ge/SiGe pour les systèmes spectroscopiques dans le moyen infrarouge. Les premières structures sont conçues et fabriquées. / Today optical interconnects have overpassed wires on long, mid and short distances on the telecommunication field. Silicon photonics have known such a development that even inter and intra chip communications progressively become optical. However, the multiplication of data access terminals and the constant increase of data consumption force new components with even lower power consumption to appear. In this context, low power consumption components based on Ge/SiGe quantum wells have been developed. Until now, the use of Ge/SiGe quantum wells has been only limited to electroabsorption modulators. The first part of my thesis was dedicated to the study of a new kind of active region based on coupled Ge/SiGe quantum wells. This work led to the demonstration of giant electrorefractive effect in these structures. The active region based on coupled quantum wells gives a refractive index variation of 2.3×10-3 under a bias of only 1.5 V. The use of this effect for the development of integrated optical modulators needed the development of main building blocks to obtain interferometric structures. Compact bends and Mach Zehnder interferometers have been designed, fabricated and successfully characterized. The sensitivity to the polarization of these structures was evaluated with numerical simulations and polarization insensitive structures were designed. Then, an integrated electrorefractive modulator has been designed and fabricated which needed the development of a new technological process. The first charaterization results are presented. The perspectives of this work are the realization of an efficient modulator with switching voltage lower than 2V. The field of application of photonic integrated circuits is not only limited to the telecommunications. The approach based on integrated optics is also very promising for the identification and analysis of surrounding chemical species. Mid infrared spectral region is particularly suitable for this purpose as it contains specific absorption fingerprints of different chemical species. The use of photonic integrated circuits on silicon substrate allows to develop performant, compact and low cost spectroscopic systems. The second part of my thesis was focused on the development of wideband photonic platform based on Ge-rich Si1-xGex waveguides. Wideband waveguides between 5.5 and 8.5 µm were experimentally demonstrated which made possible the developpement of more complex structures such as MMIs or ultra-wideband Mach Zehnder interferometers. The same device has a theoretical bandwidth of 3.5 µm in TE polarization and of one octave in TM polarization. The operation was experimentally demonstrated between 5.5 and 8.6 µm and is only limited by laser spectral range. This work paves the way for future development of ultra-wideband spectroscopic systems on Ge-rich Si1-xGex platform. The last part of this work concerned second harmonic generation in Ge/SiGe quantum wells for mid infrared spectroscopic systems. First test devices have been designed and fabricated
135

Dispositifs infrarouges à cascade quantique à base de semiconducteurs GaN/AlGaN et ZnO/ZnMgO / Infrared quantum cascade devices based on GaN/AlGaN and ZnO/ZnMgO semiconductors

Jollivet, Arnaud 18 February 2019 (has links)
Ce mémoire de thèse est consacré à l’étude et au développement des hétérostructures semi-conductrices à base de GaN et ZnO. Ces matériaux sont particulièrement prometteurs pour le développement de composants optoélectroniques inter-sous-bandes infrarouges et notamment pour les dispositifs à cascade quantique. Ces semiconducteurs possèdent en effet plusieurs avantages pour la conception de dispositifs à cascade, tels qu’une grande discontinuité de potentiel en bande de conduction et une énergie du phonon LO très élevée. Ces propriétés se traduisent par la possibilité de développer des dispositifs couvrant une gamme spectrale allant du proche-infrarouge au térahertz et offrent la possibilité de réaliser des lasers à cascade quantique térahertz fonctionnant à température ambiante. / This manuscript focuses on the study and on the development of semiconductor heterostructures based on GaN and ZnO material. These materials are particularly promising for the development of infrared optoelectronic intersubband devices in particular for quantum cascade devices. These semiconductors own several advantages to design quantum cascade devices such as a large conduction band offset and a large energy of the LO phonon. These properties predict the possibility to develop devices covering a large spectral range from near-infrared to terahertz and offer the possibility to realize terahertz quantum cascade lasers operating at room temperature.
136

Analyse de la structure locale et propriétés optiques de semiconducteurs nitrures pour le développement des diodes électroluminescentes efficaces au-delà du vert. / Analysis of the local structure and optical properties of nitrides semiconductors for LEDs beyond the green wavelength range

Chery, Nicolas 14 December 2018 (has links)
Les puits quantiques InGaN/GaN montrent la plus grande efficacité connue dans le bleu-UV et le défi actuel dans ce type de matériau est de pousser leur émission vers les grandes longueurs d’ondes. Ceci serait possible en augmentant la composition en indium, mais il faut alors gérer les contraintes résultantes. Ce travail a mis en œuvre la microscopie électronique en transmission et la diffraction des rayons X pour déterminer la composition chimique à l’intérieur des couches InGaN, le taux de relaxation et le type de défauts présents. Les résultats montrent qu’il n’y a pas de fluctuations de composition en indium dans les couches d’InGaN étudiées avec des taux d’indium de l’ordre de 20%. Ainsi, la différence d’émission des échantillons pourrait s’expliquer par la variation d’épaisseur des puits quantiques InGaN et laprésence de défauts. En effet, plusieurs types de défauts ont été observés et caractérisés tels que les pinholes ou des domaines de défauts plans selon leur origine. Dans les multicouches InGaN/GaN avec couches AlGaN compensatrices de contrainte,la diffraction des rayons X a montré que lorsque l’épaisseur des couches d’AlGaN augmente en gardant constante l’épaisseur entre les couches actives d’InGaN (avec une valeur d’environ 16-17 nm), les puits quantiques sont totalement contraints dans le plan de croissance et en dehors. Par microscopie électronique, nous montrons queleur relaxation se fait par formation aussi bien de défauts en domaines plans que de dislocation de type a. Ces dislocations se propagent des pits quantiques vers la surface, et la densité des défauts augmente avec l’épaisseur des couches d’AlGaN. / InGaN/GaN quantum wells show the highest known emission efficiency in UV-blue and the current challenge is to push to longer wavelengths. This would be possible by increasing the indium composition but the challenge becomes how to handle the resulting strains. This work has combined transmission electron microscopy and Xray diffraction in order to determine the relaxation rates, the local chemical composition and defects formation in these systems. The results show that there are no composition fluctuations in these InGaN layers where the indium content was around 20%. Therefore, the differences in emission may be explained by the changes in quantum wells thicknesses and/or the presence of defects. Indeed, several types of defects have been observed and characterized, such as pinholes or planar defect domains. For InGaN/GaN quantum wells with strain compensating AlGaN layers, Xray diffraction showed that, when the AlGaN layer thickness increases, keeping constant the spacing between InGaN layers (around 16-17 nm), the quantum wellsare totally strained in and out the growth plan. Using transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that the relaxation occurs through the formation of domains as well as a type dislocations. The dislocations propagate from the quantum well tothe surface and the density of the defects increases with the thickness of the AlGaN layers.
137

Relaxation dynamics in photoexcited semiconductor quantum wells studied by time-resolved photoluminiscence

Zybell, Sabine January 2015 (has links)
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Photolumineszenzdynamik von Halbleiter-Quantentöpfen (Quantum Wells), die durch Anregung von Intraband-Übergängen mittels resonanter Laserpulse im mittleren Infrarot- und Terahertz-Spektralbereich verändert wird. Diese Zweifarbenexperimente wurden mit Hilfe eines optischen Aufbaus für zeitaufgelöste Photolumineszenzspektroskopie am Großgerät Freie-Elektronen Laser FELBE am Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf realisiert. Zeitlich verzögert zur gepulsten optischen Anregung über die Bandlücke wurden Intersubband- oder Intraexziton-Übergange in den Quantum Wells resonant angeregt. Die dadurch erreichte Ladungsträgerumverteilung zeigt sich in einer deutlichen Verringerung der Photolumineszenzintensität zum Zeitpunkt des zweiten Anregepulses, die im Folgenden als Photolumineszenz-Quenching bezeichnet wird. Zunächst wird die Stärke des Photolumineszenz-Quenchings in Abhängigkeit der Polarisationsrichtung des midinfraroten Laserstrahls ausgewertet. Während die Absorption durch freie Ladungsträger für beide Polarisationsrichtungen nachweisbar ist, wird experimentell gezeigt, dass Intersubbandabsorption nur möglich ist, wenn ein Anteil der anregenden Strahlung senkrecht zur Quantum-Well-Ebene polarisiert ist. Das Photolumineszenzsignal ist überwiegend an der energetischen Position der 1s-Exzitonresonanz unterhalb der Bandkante messbar. Die intraexzitonischen Übergangsenergien in Quantum Wells liegen typischerweise im Terahertzbereich. Unter intraexzitonischer 1s-2p Anregung erscheint auch auf dieser Energieskala ein abrupter Intensitätsverlust in der langsam abklingenden Photolumineszenztransiente. Erstmalig wurde im Photolumineszenzspektrum bei höheren Energien im Abstand der Terahertz-Photonenenergie ein zusätzliches 2s-Photolumineszenzsignal detektiert. Eine detaillierte theoretische Beschreibung dieses Problems durch unsere Kooperationspartner Koch et al. von der Phillips-Universität Marburg zeigt, dass unter intraexzitonischer 1s-2p Anregung eine effiziente Coulombstreuung zwischen den nahezu entarteten exzitonischen 2p- und 2s-Zustanden stattfindet. Während der 2p-Zustand optisch dunkel ist, kann die 2s-Population strahlend rekombinieren, was zu dem besagten 2s-Photolumineszenzsignal führt. Die Zeitkonstanten der untersuchten Ladungsträgerdynamik werden durch ein phänomenologisches Modell bestimmt, das die experimentellen Kurven sehr gut abbildet. Es wird ein Ratengleichungsmodell eingeführt, bei dem die involvierten Zustände auf optisch helle und optisch dunkle Besetzungsdichten reduziert werden. Darüber hinaus werden mit einem modifizierten Versuchsaufbau die Terahertz-induzierten Photolumineszenzsignaturen von Magnetoexzitonen untersucht. Die Stärke des 1s-Photolumineszenz-Quenchings ändert sich dabei entsprechend der magnetoexzitonischen Übergänge, die im betrachteten Feldstärkebereich zwischen 0T und 7T liegen. Für Magnetfelder größer als 3T sind keine 2s-Photolumineszenzsignale mehr messbar, da durch das externe magnetische Feld die Entartung der 2p- und 2s-Zustände aufgehoben wird.
138

Expulsion of Carriers from the Double-Barrier Quantum Well and Investigation of Its Spectral and Transport Consequences

Chyla, Wojciech Tadeusz 03 1900 (has links)
In this work I investigate the expulsion of carriers from nanostructures using the double-barrier quantum well (DBQW) as an example and discuss manifestations of this effect in the spectrum of the DBQW in absence of bias, and in the tunneling current in presence of bias. Assuming equality of the Fermi energy in all regions of the considered system, I compute the relative density of carriers localized in the DBQW and conclude that a fraction of carriers is expelled from this nanostructure.
139

Determination of the spontaneous polarization of wurtzite (Mg,Zn)O

Stölzel, Marko, Müller, Alexander, Benndorf, Gabriele, Lorenz, Michael, Patzig, Christian, Höche, Thomas, Grundmann, Marius 07 August 2018 (has links)
We report on the experimental determination of the spontaneous polarization of wurtzite- (Mg,Zn)O by examination of the recombination dynamics of polar ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O quantum wells (QWs). The thickness-dependent decay time of the unscreened single-exciton states inside the QWs was modeled by a self-consistent solution of Schrödinger- and Poisson-equation to deduce the total polarization across the QW for different Mg-contents inside the barriers. By the separation of the piezoelectric components of the polarization, a linear increase in spontaneous polarization with increasing Mg-content x of P/x = (0.151 ± 0.015) C/m2 was determined for Mgx Zn1−x O.
140

Emission Mechanisms in Al-rich AlGaN Quantum Wells toward Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitters by Electron Beam Pumping / 電子線励起深紫外発光素子に向けた高Al組成AlGaN量子井戸の発光機構に関する研究

Oto, Takao 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18229号 / 工博第3821号 / 新制||工||1585(附属図書館) / 31087 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 養一, 教授 北野 正雄, 教授 木本 恒暢 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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