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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Recherche du plasma de quarks et de gluons au SPS et de l'antimatière cosmique dans l'espace - Enquête sur nos origines

Ohlsson-Malek, Faïrouz 30 September 1999 (has links) (PDF)
Pas de resume disponible
162

Sonde muonique et instrumentation associée pour l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons dans l'expérience ALICE

Guerin, F. 30 November 2006 (has links) (PDF)
ALICE est le détecteur du LHC dédié à l'étude des collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes. Le principal objectif de cette expérience est la mise en évidence et l'étude d'une nouvelle phase de la matière nucléaire prédite par la théorie de la chromodynamique quantique (QCD) : le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons (PQG). Une des signatures possibles est la suppression des taux de production des quarkonia par écrantage de couleur dans les collisions d'ions lourds, dans lesquelles la formation d'un plasma est attendue. Le spectromètre à muons permettra de mesurer les taux de production des quarkonia (J/Psi, Upsilon) dans les collisions d'ions lourds via leur canal de désintégration dimuonique. Un système de déclenchement rapide, associé au spectromètre à muons, est chargé de sélectionner les événements contenant au minimum un muon ou un dimuon à l'aide d'un algorithme de recherche de traces. L'étude des performances du système de déclenchement du spectromètre à muons, réalisée à l'aide de simulations Monte-Carlo, sera présentée dans ce mémoire en mettant l'accent sur l'efficacité et la fréquence de déclenchement du système dans le cas des collisions Pb-Pb et Ar-Ar. Nous présenterons également la reconstruction du spectre en masse des dimuons de signes opposé avec le spectromètre à muons d'ALICE. A partir de ce spectre, les taux de production des états Upsilon seront extraits pour un mois de collisions Pb-Pb au LHC et pour diverses tranches en centralité.
163

Medida de produção de Dº em jatos em colisões PbPb a SNN = 5.02 TeV com o ALICE no LHC / Measurement of D0 production in jets in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the LHC

Antonio Carlos Oliveira da Silva 06 December 2017 (has links)
Quarks charm são criados em estágios iniciais da colisão de íons pesados em processos de espalhamento duro. Portanto eles são sondas ideais para o Plasma de Quarks e Glúons (QGP), que é um estado da matéria em que os partons contidos em hadrons, em condições de alta temperatura (150 MeV) ou densidade (cerca de cinco vezes a densidade da matéria ordinária), passam para um estado livre de quarks e glúons. A fragmentação de quarks charm pode produzir mésons D. Jatos contendo um méson D como um de seus constituentes podem ser identificados como originados de uma fragmentação de quark pesado. Jatos contendo mésons D são valiosas ferramentas para caracterizar interações de quarks charm com o plasma. Jatos de charm podem fornecer informações para o estudo da perda de energia dependente da massa pela medida da modificação da produção de jatos de charm em colisões de núcleos de chumbo com respeito a colisões entre prótons em função do momento transversal dos jatos. Além disso, uma visão mais profunda pode ser obtida com a medida da distribuição da fração de momento, que é de particular interesse para investigar a possível influência do meio na fragmentação de quarks charm em jatos. Mésons D são reconstruídos através da análise de massa invariante de seu canal de decaimento hadrônico, rejeitando uma grande quantidade de fundo combinatório com seleções topológicas e explorando o tempo de vida relativamente longo de mésons D e as capacidades de identificação de partículas do detector ALICE. Jatos são reconstruídos com o algoritmo anti-kT usando candidatos a mésons D e partículas carregadas. A medida do espectro de momento transversal de jatos contendo mésons D em colisões de núcleos de chumbo a energias de sNN = 5.02 TeV será apresentada. Esses resultados levam a novas possibilidades de sondagem das propriedades do QGP quando comparados com medidas de referência. Por fim, os métodos desenvolvidos podem ser empregados no estudo das funções de fragmentação de quarks charm em colisões de íons pesados. / Charm quarks are created in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions in hard-scattering processes. Therefore, they are ideal probes of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), which is a state of matter where partons contained in hadrons, at high temperatures (150 MeV) or density (about five times the density of ordinary matter), change to a deconfined state of quarks and gluons. The fragmentation of charm quarks can produce D mesons. Jets containing a D meson as one of their constituents can be identified as originating from heavy-quark fragmentation. These jets are a valuable tool to characterize the charm interaction with the QGP. Charmed jets can provide information to the study the mass-dependent energy loss by the measurement of the modification of the charm-jet yield in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions as a function of the jet transverse momentum. Moreover, a further insight can be obtained with the measurement of the momentum-fraction distribution, which is of particular interest to investigate the possible influence of the medium in the charm-jet fragmentation. D mesons are reconstructed through an invariant mass analysis of their hadronic decay channels, rejecting the large combinatorial background with topological selections exploiting the relatively large lifetime of D mesons and the particle identification capabilities of the ALICE detector. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm using D-meson candidates and charged tracks. The measurement of the transverse momentum spectrum of jets containing D mesons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV will be presented. These results lead to new possibilities of probing the QGP properties when compared to baseline measurements. Furthermore, the methods developed can be employed in the study of charm-quark fragmentation functions in heavy-ion collisions.
164

Search for the Higgs boson decaying to two photons and produced in association with a pair of top quarks in the CMS experiment / Recherche du boson de Higgs se désintégrant en deux photons et produit en association avec une paire de quarks top dans l'expérience CMS au LHC

Kucher, Inna 17 July 2017 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, la mesure des propriétés du boson de Higgs dans le canal de désintégration en deux photons avec l'expérience CMS au Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC) est présentée. L'objectif de ce travail est l’étude du mode de production associé à une paire de quark top (tṫH). Ce mode représente le seul accès direct au couplage de Yukawa du quark top, un paramètre fondamental du Modèle Standard. Le mode de production tṫH est un processus très rare. Il est de l'ordre de deux ordres de grandeur plus petits que la production principale du boson de Higgs par fusion de gluons. À 13 TeV, le mode de production ttH est environ 4 fois plus grand qu'à 8 TeV. Cette thèse reprend les études réalisées à 8 TeV, où l’échantillon de données ne suffisait pas pour établir une observation de ce mode de production. Bien que le canal en deux photons ne soit pas celui qui présente le plus grand rapport de branchement (seulement 0,2%), il est très prometteur en raison de son excellente résolution en masse (1%). De plus, sa signature est très propre dans le détecteur. Le canal de désintégration en deux photons est particulièrement intéressant puisqu'il s'agit du seul canal permettant l'étude de tous les modes de production : la fusion de gluons, la fusion de bosons vecteurs, les productions associées avec des bosons W ou Z ou avec une paire de quarks top. Le document commence par une introduction théorique du Modèle Standard et la physique du boson de Higgs au LHC, suivie d'une description du détecteur CMS. Pour obtenir une excellente résolution de masse dans le canal de désintégration en deux photons , le calorimètre électromagnétique doit être calibré. Le système de monitorage de la transparence des cristaux du calorimètre électromagnétique de CMS par le système laser joue un rôle important dans la chaîne d'étalonnage et est décrit en détail. Sur le long terme, le système de monitorage laser devra être amélioré car le niveau de rayonnement influence son électronique. Je présente mon travail sur l'amélioration possible du système de monitorage laser, ainsi que l'étude de sa précision possible. L'analyse inclusive H → ᵞᵞ a eu plusieurs itérations pour les conférences en 2016 et 2017. La stratégie pour 2017 est décrite dans ce document. Une classification des événement sert à maximiser la significance du signal et à étudier les modes spécifiques de production du boson de Higgs. Mes contributions à l'analyse H → ᵞᵞ consistent en l'identification du vertex primaire, l'identification du photon et l'étude du mode de production tṫH. Chaque contribution est décrite en détail dans des chapitres dédiés. L'analyse tṫH, H → ᵞᵞ est présentée pour deux itérations en 2016 et 2017, en mettant l'accent sur les améliorations dans l'analyse de 2017. Enfin, les résultats de l'analyse inclusive et tṫH, H → ᵞᵞ, en utilisant l'ensemble complet de données 2016 correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de 35,9 fb-1, sont présentés. / In this thesis, the measurement of the Higgs boson properties in the diphoton decay channel with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presented. The focus of this work is the tṫH production mode, as it is the only direct access to the top quark Yukawa coupling, a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model. tṫH is a very rare process, two orders of magnitude smaller than the dominant Higgs boson production by gluon fusion. At 13 TeV, ttH production is about 4 times larger than at 8 TeV. This thesis takes over the studies performed at 8 TeV, where the statistics was not enough for an observation of ttH. Despite a very small branching ratio (only about 0.2%), the two photons decay channel of the Higgs boson is very promising, because of its excellent mass resolution (about 1%). Moreover, its signature in the detector is very clear. The diphoton decay channel is also of particular interest as it is the only channel allowing the study of all production modes: gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, associated productions with a W or a Z bosons, or with a top quark pair.The document starts with a theoretical introduction about the Standard Model and Higgs boson physics at LHC, followed by a description of the CMS detector. To achieve an excellent mass resolution in the H → ᵞᵞ channel, the electromagnetic calorimeter has to be calibrated. The laser monitoring system plays an important role in the calibration chain and it is described in details. On the long term, the laser monitoring system will have to be upgraded as level of radiation influences its electronics. I present my work on the possible upgrade of the laser monitoring system, along with the study of its possible precision.H → ᵞᵞ inclusive analysis had several iterations for conferences in 2016 and 2017. The strategy for 2017 is described in this document. An event classification is used to maximize the signal significance and to study specific Higgs boson production modes. My contributions to the H → ᵞᵞ analysis are primary vertex identification, photon identification and the study of the tṫH production mode. Each contribution is described in details in dedicated chapters. The tṫH, H → ᵞᵞ analysis is shown for two iterations in 2016 and 2017, with the emphasis on improvements in 2017 analysis. Finally, the results of the inclusive and tṫH, H → ᵞᵞ analysis, using the full 2016 dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1, are shown.
165

A Cross Section Measurement Of Events With Two Muons At The $Z^{0}$ Resonance And At Least One Heavy Flavour Jet At The ATLAS Experiment Of The Large Hadron Collider

Steinbach, Peter 16 July 2012 (has links)
In 2010, the Large Hadron Collider (\\lhc{}) at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) near Geneva (Switzerland) came into full operation providing proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt{s} = \\unit[7]{TeV}$. \\lhc{} data may allow the observation of the Higgs boson, the last unknown building block of the standard model of particle physics (SM). Di-muon final states containing heavy flavour jets pose an irreducible background for searches of the Higgs boson as predicted the SM or theories beyond. They also provide a unique testbed for tests of perturbative Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (pQCD). This thesis provides a measurement of the cross section of events with one di-muon pair with an invariant mass in the \\Z{} mass region and at least one heavy flavour jet. Studies on acceptance and systematic effects of the experimental setup are presented as well as a comparison to theoretical predictions. The total inclusive cross section of \\zbFS{} events was observed as $\\sigma(\\mu^{+}\\mu^{-}+b+X) = \\unit[(4.15 ^{+0.97}_{-0.89} (stat.) ^{+0.45}_{-0.53} (syst.))]{pb} $ from the equivalent of $\\unit[36]{pb^{-1}}$ of data. Agreement with pQCD predictions at next-to leading order (NLO) is found while tensions with leading order (LO) predictions are observed. Further, the cross-section ratio \\RwZ{} with events containing two muons and at least one jet of any origin was measured to $\\mathcal{R} = \\unit[4.6 ^{+1.4}_{-1.2} (stat.) \\pm 0.5 (syst.)]{\\%}$. This is found to agree with NLO and LO calculations within known uncertainties.
166

Search for Single Production of Vector-like Quarks Decaying into Wb in pp Collisions at sqrt(s)=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

Biedermann, Dustin 23 January 2020 (has links)
In dieser Dissertation wird die Suche nach einzeln erzeugten vektorartigen T-Quarks mit einer elektrischen Ladung +2/3 und Y-Quarks mit einer elektrischen Ladung von -4/3 vorgestellt. Diese exotischen Teilchen werden von verschiedenen Modellen jenseits des Standardmodells vorhergesagt, welche versuchen das Verständnis der elektorschwachen Symmetriebrechung zu erweitern und somit das Naturalness Problem zu lösen. Hierfür werden die in 2015 und 2016 bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von 13 TeV und einer integrierten Luminosität von 36.1 inversen fb vom ATLAS Detektor am LHC aufgezeichneten Proton-Proton-Kollisionen ausgewertet. Die Ereignisselektion ist auf leptonisch zerfallende W-Bosonen der Y/T nach Wb Zerfälle ausgerichtet, weshalb ein hochenergetischer, von einem Bottom-Quark stammender Jet, ein einzelnes Lepton, ein in Vorwärtsrichtung emittierter Jet sowie fehlende transversale Energie, neben verschiedenen Isolationskriterien, verlangt wird. Es konnte keine signifikante Abweichung zur Vorhersage des Standardmodells gemessen werden. Aus diesem Grund wurden obere Grenzen for die Kopplungsstärke und den Mischungswinkel von T-Quarks in einem Singulett-Modell sowie Y-Quarks eines (B,Y)-Dublett bzw. (T,B,Y)-Triplett-Modells mit Quarks der dritten Generation des Standard Modells bestimmt. Hierbei wurden erstmalig Interferenzeffekte mit Standardmodellprozessen berücksichtigt. Die obere Grenze für den Mischungswinkel wurden für ein T-Singulett-Modell bei einer Masse von 800 GeV zu |sin(theta_L)|= 0.18, für ein Y eines (B,Y)-Dublett-Modells zu |sin(theta_R)|= 0.17 sowie für ein Y eines (T,B,Y)-Triplett-Modells zu |sin(theta_L)|= 0.16 bestimmt. Die ermittelten Grenzen innerhalb des (B,Y)-Dublett-Modells im Massenbereich 800 GeV bis 1250 GeV sind zu indirekten, aus elektroschwachen Präzisionsvariablen abgeleiteten Schranken kompetitiv. / This thesis presents a search for singly produced vector-like T quarks with charge +2/3 or Y quarks with charge -4/3. These exotic particles are predicted by several beyond-the-standard-model theories which try to shed light on the mechanism of electro-weak symmetry breaking, thus addressing the Naturalness Problem. The analysis is performed on a proton-proton collision data set with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 inverse fb at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The focus is on leptonically decaying W bosons from Y/T to Wb decays of the heavy quarks and the event selection requires a jet leading in transverse momentum and being b-tagged, exactly one lepton, a forward jet as well as missing transverse energy beside several isolation requirements. No significant deviation from the expected Standard Model background is observed. Therefore, upper limits on the coupling strength and mixing angle between third generation Standard Model quarks and a T from a singlet model as well as a Y from a (B,Y) doublet or a (T,B,Y) triplet model are computed using the CLs method. This search represents the first analysis in which the interference effects with the Standard Model background are taken into account. The smallest upper limits are found to be |sin(theta_L)|= 0.18 for a T singlet for a mass of 800 GeV, |sin(theta_R)|= 0.17 in the (B,Y) doublet case at 800 GeV and |sin(theta_L)|= 0.16 for the (T,B,Y) triplet model. The observed limits on the mixing parameter |sin(theta_R)| are competitive with indirect bounds from electroweak precision observables in the mass range between about 800 GeV and 1250 GeV.
167

On the Applicability of the Weak Coupling Expansion for Time-Moments of Heavy Quark Correlators

Chimirri, Leonardo 27 November 2023 (has links)
Die Simulation von diskretisier QCD hat sich zu einem sehr erfolgreichen Verfahren entwickelt, um nicht-perturbativen Berechnungen durchzuführen. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir im Detail die Zeit-Momente schwerer Quark-Korrelatoren mit hoher Präzision. Diese werden verwendet, um die QCD-Kopplung durch den Vergleich von Gitter- und Störungsberechnungen zu extrahieren. Dabei müssen diese Observablen von Energien dominiert werden, bei denen beide Methoden angewendbar sind. Genaue Abschätzungen der systematischen Unsicherheiten ist notewendig, da dies Auswirkungen auf Berechnungen von, z.B., Higgs-Zerfällen zu b-Quarks oder Gluonen und Z-Bosonen-Partialbreiten haben. Wir führen eine quenched Untersuchung der Zeitmomente durch, um im großen Volumen mit L=2fm und T=6fm mit offenen Randbedingungen, Gitterabständen von bis ca. 0.01 fm zu erreichen. Wir berechnen Momente und dabei die Kopplung und den Trunkierungsfehler für wechselnde Energie von 0.8 bis 3.5 Mal die charm Masse. Um die großen Diskretisierungseffekte zu kontrollieren, verwenden wir ein nicht-perturbativ verbessertes Wilson-Clover-Fermionen-Dublett mit einem twisted mass Term. Neben der Kopplung untersuchen wir auch ihren Verlauf bis zur unendlichen Energie, kodiert im Lambda-Parameter, und die darin enthaltenen Trunkierungsfehler. Der extrahierte Lambda-Parameter bei Energieskalen von 2 Mal die Charmmasse weist, in Bezug auf step-scaling Ergebnisse, Abweichungen in der Größenordnung von 5% bis 10% auf. Eine Extrapolation bis zum Nullwert der Kopplung ist möglich, allerdings mit einer beträchtlichen Steigung. Weitverbreitete Variationen der perturbativen Renormierungsskala zur Abschätzung des Trunkierungsfehlers scheinen hier die tatsächliche Größe der Fehler zu unterschätzen. Bei der Verwendung der Störungstheorie hoher Ordnung auf den Skalen der Flavor-Physik für die Momente der Korrelatoren schwerer Quarks ist Vorsicht geboten, da große Trunkierungsfehler auftreten können. / The simulation of discretized QCD has become a very successful method to perform non-perturbative calculations. In this work we study in detail the time-moments of heavy quark correlators with high precision. These are used to extract the QCD coupling by comparing lattice and perturbative calculations. These observables must be dominated by energies at which both methods are applicable. Accurate estimates of the systematic uncertainties are needed as this has implications for calculations of, e.g., Higgs decays to b-quarks or gluons and Z-boson partial widths. We carry out a quenched investigation of the time-moments in order to achieve lattice spacings of down to approx. 0.01 fm in large volume, L=2fm and T=6fm, with open boundary conditions. We calculate moments and thereby the coupling and the truncation error for varying energy from 0.8 to 3.5 times the charm mass. To control the large discretization effects, we use a non-perturbatively enhanced Wilson-Clover fermion doublet with a twisted mass term. In addition to the coupling, we also study its evolution to infinite energy, encoded in the lambda parameter, and the truncation errors therein. The extracted lambda parameter at energy scales of 2 times the charm mass shows deviations in the order of 5% to 10% with respect to step-scaling results. Extrapolation to the zero value of the coupling is possible, but with a considerable slope. Widespread variations of the perturbative renormalization scale to estimate the truncation error seem to underestimate the actual size of the errors here. Care should be taken when using high-order perturbation theory on the scales of flavor physics for the moments of heavy quark correlators, as large truncation errors can occur.
168

Artificial neural network methods in high energy physics and their application to the identification of quark and gluon jets in electroproton collisions

Vorvolakos, Angelos January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
169

Multi-strange hyperon production in relativistic heavy -ion collisions

Barton, Robert Allan January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
170

Direct extraction of Λ-MS from e⁺e⁻ jet observables

Burby, Stephen J. January 2000 (has links)
We demonstrate a renormalisation group improved formulation of QCD perturbation theory. At next-to-leading order (NLO) and beyond this permits a direct extraction of the QCD dimensional transmutation parameter, A(_ms) that typifies the one parameter freedom of the theory in the limit of massless quarks. We apply this to a variety of experimental data on e(^+)e" jet observables at NLO. We take into consideration data from PETRA, PEP, TRISTAN, SLC and LEP 1 and 2. In this procedure there is no need to mention, let alone to arbitrarily vary, the unphysical renormalization scale µ, and one avoids the spurious and meaningless "theoretical error" associated with standard a(_8) determinations. An attempt is made to estimate the importance of uncalculated next-to-NLO and higher order perturbative corrections, and power corrections, by studying the scatter in the values of ∆(_MS) obtained for different observables. We also consider large infrared logarithm resummations in these jet observables and present results for the particular cases of the four-jet rate to a next-to-leading logarithm approximation and the distributions for the four-jet variables, "light hemisphere mass" and "narrow jet broadening" to a next-to-next-to-leading logarithm approximation in the perturbative expansion. We apply a simple power correction to these variables and obtain remarkably good fits to the data.

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