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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Macroscopic diffusion models for precipitation in crystalline gallium arsenide

Kimmerle, Sven-Joachim 23 December 2009 (has links)
Ausgehend von einem thermodynamisch konsistenten Modell von Dreyer und Duderstadt für Tropfenbildung in Galliumarsenid-Kristallen, das Oberflächenspannung und Spannungen im Kristall berücksichtigt, stellen wir zwei mathematische Modelle zur Evolution der Größe flüssiger Tropfen in Kristallen auf. Das erste Modell behandelt das Regime diffusionskontrollierter Interface-Bewegung, während das zweite Modell das Regime Interface-kontrollierter Bewegung des Interface behandelt. Unsere Modellierung berücksichtigt die Erhaltung von Masse und Substanz. Diese Modelle verallgemeinern das wohlbekannte Mullins-Sekerka-Modell für die Ostwald-Reifung. Wir konzentrieren uns auf arsenreiche kugelförmige Tropfen in einem Galliumarsenid-Kristall. Tropfen können mit der Zeit schrumpfen bzw. wachsen, die Tropfenmittelpunkte sind jedoch fixiert. Die Flüssigkeit wird als homogen im Raum angenommen. Aufgrund verschiedener Skalen für typische Distanzen zwischen Tropfen und typischen Radien der flüssigen Tropfen können wir formal so genannte Mean-Field-Modelle herleiten. Für ein Modell im diffusionskontrollierten Regime beweisen wir den Grenzübergang mit Homogenisierungstechniken unter plausiblen Annahmen. Diese Mean-Field-Modelle verallgemeinern das Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner-Modell, welches rigoros aus dem Mullins-Sekerka-Modell hergeleitet werden kann, siehe Niethammer et al., und gut verstanden ist. Mean-Field-Modelle beschreiben die wichtigsten Eigenschaften unseres Systems und sind gut für Numerik und für weitere Analysis geeignet. Wir bestimmen mögliche Gleichgewichte und diskutieren deren Stabilität. Numerische Resultate legen nahe, wann welches der beiden Regimes gut zur experimentellen Situation passen könnte. / Based on a thermodynamically consistent model for precipitation in gallium arsenide crystals including surface tension and bulk stresses by Dreyer and Duderstadt, we propose two different mathematical models to describe the size evolution of liquid droplets in a crystalline solid. The first model treats the diffusion-controlled regime of interface motion, while the second model is concerned with the interface-controlled regime of interface motion. Our models take care of conservation of mass and substance. These models generalise the well-known Mullins-Sekerka model for Ostwald ripening. We concentrate on arsenic-rich liquid spherical droplets in a gallium arsenide crystal. Droplets can shrink or grow with time but the centres of droplets remain fixed. The liquid is assumed to be homogeneous in space. Due to different scales for typical distances between droplets and typical radii of liquid droplets we can derive formally so-called mean field models. For a model in the diffusion-controlled regime we prove this limit by homogenisation techniques under plausible assumptions. These mean field models generalise the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model, which can be derived from the Mullins-Sekerka model rigorously, see Niethammer et al., and is well-understood. Mean field models capture the main properties of our system and are well adapted for numerics and further analysis. We determine possible equilibria and discuss their stability. Numerical evidence suggests in which case which one of the two regimes might be appropriate to the experimental situation.
32

Equações elípticas semilineares e quasilineares com potenciais que mudam de sinal

Oliveira Junior, José Carlos de 24 September 2015 (has links)
Neste trabalho, consideramos o problema autônomo {(-∆u+V(x)u=f(u) em R^N,@u∈H^1 (R^N)\\{0},)┤ em que N≥3, a função V é não periódica, radialmente simétrica e muda de sinal e a não linearidade f é assintoticamente linear. Além disso, impomos que V possui um limite positivo no infinito e que o espectro do operador L≔-∆+V tem ínfimo negativo. Sob essas condições, baseando-se em interações entre soluções transladadas do problema no infinito associado, é possível mostrar que tal problema satisfaz a geometria do teorema de linking clássico e garantir a existência de uma solução fraca não trivial. Em seguida, estabelecemos a existência de uma solução não trivial para o problema não autônomo {(-∆u+V(x)u=f(x,u) em R^N,@u∈H^1 (R^N)\\{0},)┤ sob hipóteses similares ao problema anterior, admitindo também que f(x,u)=f(|x|,u) dentre outras condições. Aplicamos novamente o teorema de linking para garantir que tal problema possui uma solução não trivial. Por fim, provamos que o problema quasilinear {(-∆u+V(x)u-u∆(u^2)=g(x,u) em R^3,@u∈H^1 (R^3)\\{0},)┤ em que o potencial V muda de sinal, podendo ser não limitado inferiormente, e a não linearidade g(x,u), quando |x|→∞, possui um certo tipo de monotonicidade, possui uma solução não trivial. A existência de tal solução é provada por meio de uma mudança de variável que transforma o problema num problema semilinear, nos permitindo, assim, empregar o teorema do passo da montanha combinado com o lema splitting. / In this work, we consider the autonomous problem {(-∆u+V(x)u=f(u) em R^N,@u∈H^1 (R^N)\\{0},)┤ where N≥3, V is a non-periodic radially symmetric function that changes sign and the nonlinearity f is asymptotically linear. Furthermore, we impose that V has a positive limit at infinity and the spectrum of the operator L≔-∆+V has negative infimum. Under these conditions, employing interaction between translated solutions of the problem at infinity, it is possible to show that such problem satisfies the geometry of the classical linking theorem and garantee the existence of a nontrivial weak solution. After that, we establish the existence of a nontrivial weak solution for the nonautonomous problem {(-∆u+V(x)u=f(x,u) em R^N,@u∈H^1 (R^N)\\{0},)┤ under similar hyphoteses to the previous problem, assuming also that f(x,u)=f(|x|,u) among others conditions. We apply again the classical linking theorem to ensure that such problem possesses a nontrivial weak solution. Finally, we prove that the quasilinear problem {(-∆u+V(x)u-u∆(u^2)=g(x,u) em R^3,@u∈H^1 (R^3)\\{0},)┤ where the potential V changes sign and may be unbounded from below and the nonlinearity g(x,u), as|x|→∞, has a kind of monotonicity, has a nontrivial weak solution. The existence of such solution is proved by means of a change of variables that makes the problem become a semilinear problem and hence allow us apply the mountain pass theorem combined with splitting lemma.
33

Constant mean curvature hypersurfaces on symmetric spaces, minimal graphs on semidirect products and properly embedded surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Ramos, Álvaro Krüger January 2015 (has links)
Provamos resultados sobre a geometria de hipersuperfícies em diferentes espaços ambiente. Primeiro, definimos uma aplicação de Gauss generalizada para uma hipersuperfície Mn-1 c/ Nn, onde N é um espaço simétrico de dimensão n ≥ 3. Em particular, generalizamos um resultado de Ruh-Vilms e apresentamos aplicações. Em seguida, estudamos superfícies em espaços de dimensão 3: estudamos a equação da curvatura média em um produto semidireto R2oAR e obtemos estimativas da altura e a existência de gráficos mínimos do tipo Scherk. Finalmente, no espaço ambiente de uma variedade hiperbólica de dimensão 3: nós apresentamos condições suficientes para que um mergulho completo de uma superfície ∑ de topologia finita em N com curvatura média |H∑| ≤ 1 seja próprio. / We prove results concerning the geometry of hypersurfaces on di erent ambient spaces. First, we de ne a generalized Gauss map for a hypersurface Mn-1 c/ Nn, where N is a symmetric space of dimension n ≥ 3. In particular, we generalize a result due to Ruh-Vilms and make some applications. Then, we focus on surfaces on spaces of dimension 3: we study the mean curvature equation of a semidirect product R2 oA R to obtain height estimates and the existence of a Scherk-like minimal graph. Finally, on the ambient space of a hyperbolic manifold N of dimension 3 we give su cient conditions for a complete embedding of a nite topology surface ∑ on N with mean curvature |H∑| ≤ 1 to be proper.
34

Trace au bord de solutions d'équations de hamilton-Jacobi elliptiques et trace initiale de solutions d'équations de la chaleur avec absorption sur-linéaire / Boundary trace of solutions to elliptic hamilton-Jacobi equations and initial trace of solutions to heat equations with super linear absorption

Nguyen, Phuoc Tai 02 February 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse est constituée de trois parties. Dans la première partie, on s’intéresse au problème de trace au bord d’une solution positive de l’équation (E1) - Δu + g(∇u) = 0 dans un domaine borné Ω. Si g(r) ≥ rq avec q > 1, on prouve que toute solution positive de (E1)admet une trace au bord considérée comme une mesure de Borel régulière. Si g(r) = rq avec1 < q < qc = N+1/N , on montre l’existence d’une solution positive dont la trace au bord est une mesure de Borel régulière. Si g(r) = rq avec qc ≤ q < 2, on établit une condition nécessaire de résolution en terme de capacité de Bessel C2-q/q ,q’ . On étudie aussi des ensembles éliminables au bord pour des solutions modérées et sigma-modérées. La deuxième partie est consacrée à étudier la limite, lorsque k → ∞, de solutions d’équation ∂tu - Δu + f(u) = 0 dans ℝN × (0,∞) avec donnée initiale kδ0. On prouve qu’il existe essentiellement trois types de comportement possible et démontre un résultat général d’existence de trace initiale et quelques résultats d’unicité et de non-unicité de solutions dont la donnée initiale n’est pas bornée. Dans la troisième partie, on considère l’équation ∂tu - Δu + f(u) = 0 dans ℝN × (0,∞) où p > 1. Si p > 2N/N+1, on fournit une condition suffisante portant sur f pour l’existence et l’unicité des solutions fondamentales et on étudie la limite lorsque k → ∞. On donne aussi de nouveaux résultats de non-unicité de solutions avec donnée initiale non bornée. Si p ≥ 2, on prouve que toute solution positive admet une trace initiale dans la classe des mesures de Borel régulières positives. Finalement on applique les résultats ci-dessus au cas f(u) = uα lnβ(u + 1) avec α,β > 0. / This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we study the boundary trace of positive solutions of the equation (E1) - Δu + g(∇u) = 0 in a bounded domain . When g(r) ≥ rq with q > 1, we prove that any positive function of (E1) admits a boundary trace which is an outer regular Borel measure. When g(r) ≥ rq with 1 < q < qc = N+1/N, we prove the existence of a positive solution with a general outer regular Borel measure as boundary trace.When g(r) ≥ rq with qc ≤ q < 2, we establish a necessary condition for solvability in term of the Bessel capacity C2-q/q ,q’ . We also study boundary removable sets for moderate and sigma-moderate solutions. The second part is devoted to investigate the limit, when k → ∞, of the solutions of ∂tu - Δu + f(u) = 0 in ℝN × (0,∞) with initial data kδ0. We prove that there exist essentially three types of possible behaviour and provide a new and more general construction of the initial trace and some uniqueness and non-uniqueness results for solutions with unbounded initial data. In the third part, we consider the equation ∂tu - Δu + f(u) = 0 in ℝN × (0,∞) where p > 1. If p > 2N/N+1we provide a sufficient condition on f for existence and uniqueness of the fundamental solutions and we study their limit when k → ∞. We also give new results dealing with non uniqueness for the initial value problem with unbounded initial data. If p ≥ 2, we prove that any positive solution admits an initial trace in the class of positive Borel measures. Finally we apply the above results to the case f(u) = uα lnβ(u + 1) with α,β > 0.
35

Topological asymptotic expansions for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations. Estimates and asymptotic expansions of condenser p-capacities. The anisotropic case of segments / Développements asymptotiques topologiques pour une classe d'équations elliptiques quasilinéaires. Estimations et développements asymptotiques de p-capacités de condensateurs. Le cas anisotrope du segment

Bonnafé, Alain 16 July 2013 (has links)
La Partie I présente l’obtention du développement asymptotique topologique pour une classe d’équations elliptiques quasilinéaires. Un point central réside dans la possibilité de définir la variation de l’état direct à l’échelle 1 dans R^N. Après avoir défini un cadre fonctionnel approprié faisant intervenir les normes L^p et L^2, et avoir justifié la classe d’équations considérée, la méthode se poursuit par l’étude du comportement asymptotique de la solution du problème d’interface non linéaire dans R^N et par une mise en dualité appropriée des états direct et adjoint aux différentes étapes d’approximation.La Partie II traite d’estimations et de développements asymptotiques de p-capacités de condensateurs, dont l’obstacle est d’intérieur vide et de codimension > ou = 2. Après les résultats préliminaires, les condensateurs équidistants permettent de donner deux illustrations de l’anisotropie engendrée par un segment dans l’équation de p-Laplace, puis d’établir une minoration de la p-capacité N-dimensionnelle d’un segment, qui fait intervenir les p-capacités d’un point, respectivement en dimensions N et (N-1). Les condensateurs elliptiques permettent d’établir que le gradient topologique de la 2-capacité n’est pas un outil approprié pour distinguer les courbes des obstacles d’intérieur non vide en 2D / Part I deals with obtaining topological asymptotic expansions for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations. A key point lies in the ability to define the variation of the direct state at scale 1 in R^N. After setting up an appropriate functional framework involving both the L^p and the L^2 norms, and then justifying the chosen class of equations, the approach goes on with the study of the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the nonlinear interface problem in R^N and by setting up an adequate duality scheme between the direct and adjoint states at each step of approximation. Part II deals with estimates and asymptotic expansions of condenser p-capacities and focuses on obstacles with empty interiors and with codimensions > ou = 2. After preliminary results, equidistant condensers are introduced to point out the anisotropy caused by a segment in the p-Laplace equation, and to provide a lower bound to the N-dimensional condenser p-capacity of a segment, by means of the N-dimensional and of the (N-1)-dimensional condenser p-capacities of apoint. Introducing elliptical condensers, it turns out that the topological gradient of the 2-capacity is not an appropriate tool to separate curves and obstacles with nonempty interior in 2D
36

Equações de Schrödinger quaselineares com potenciais singulares ou se anulando no infinito

Carvalho, Gilson Mamede de 19 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-15T11:35:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1290749 bytes, checksum: 9377b99ec1efcaa5be2f62cc2aae83ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T11:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1290749 bytes, checksum: 9377b99ec1efcaa5be2f62cc2aae83ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we study existence of standing wave solution for a class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations involving potentials that may be singular at the origin or vanishing at infinity. For dimensions bigger than two, we consider nonlinearities with subcritical growth. In dimension two, we work with nonlinearities having exponential critical growth. To obtain our results, we have used variational techniques, more specifically, a version of the Mountain Pass Theorem, a regularity result of Brézis-Kato type, arguments of symmetrical criticality principle type, Moser iteration method and a Trudinger-Moser type inequality. / Neste trabalho, estudamos existência de solução do tipo onda estacionária para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger quaselineares, envolvendo pontencias que podem ser singular na origem ou que podem se anular no infinito. Para dimensões maiores que dois, consideramos não-linearidades com crescimento subcrítico. Em dimensão dois, trabalhamos com não linearidades possuindo crescimente crítico exponencial. Para a obtenção de nossos resultados, usamos técnicas variacionais, mais especificamente, uma versão do Teorema do Passo da Montanha, um resultado de regularidade do tipo Brézis- Kato, argumentos do tipo princípio da criticalidade simétrica, método de iteração de Moser e uma desigualdade do tipo Trudinger-Moser.
37

Constant mean curvature hypersurfaces on symmetric spaces, minimal graphs on semidirect products and properly embedded surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Ramos, Álvaro Krüger January 2015 (has links)
Provamos resultados sobre a geometria de hipersuperfícies em diferentes espaços ambiente. Primeiro, definimos uma aplicação de Gauss generalizada para uma hipersuperfície Mn-1 c/ Nn, onde N é um espaço simétrico de dimensão n ≥ 3. Em particular, generalizamos um resultado de Ruh-Vilms e apresentamos aplicações. Em seguida, estudamos superfícies em espaços de dimensão 3: estudamos a equação da curvatura média em um produto semidireto R2oAR e obtemos estimativas da altura e a existência de gráficos mínimos do tipo Scherk. Finalmente, no espaço ambiente de uma variedade hiperbólica de dimensão 3: nós apresentamos condições suficientes para que um mergulho completo de uma superfície ∑ de topologia finita em N com curvatura média |H∑| ≤ 1 seja próprio. / We prove results concerning the geometry of hypersurfaces on di erent ambient spaces. First, we de ne a generalized Gauss map for a hypersurface Mn-1 c/ Nn, where N is a symmetric space of dimension n ≥ 3. In particular, we generalize a result due to Ruh-Vilms and make some applications. Then, we focus on surfaces on spaces of dimension 3: we study the mean curvature equation of a semidirect product R2 oA R to obtain height estimates and the existence of a Scherk-like minimal graph. Finally, on the ambient space of a hyperbolic manifold N of dimension 3 we give su cient conditions for a complete embedding of a nite topology surface ∑ on N with mean curvature |H∑| ≤ 1 to be proper.
38

Constant mean curvature hypersurfaces on symmetric spaces, minimal graphs on semidirect products and properly embedded surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Ramos, Álvaro Krüger January 2015 (has links)
Provamos resultados sobre a geometria de hipersuperfícies em diferentes espaços ambiente. Primeiro, definimos uma aplicação de Gauss generalizada para uma hipersuperfície Mn-1 c/ Nn, onde N é um espaço simétrico de dimensão n ≥ 3. Em particular, generalizamos um resultado de Ruh-Vilms e apresentamos aplicações. Em seguida, estudamos superfícies em espaços de dimensão 3: estudamos a equação da curvatura média em um produto semidireto R2oAR e obtemos estimativas da altura e a existência de gráficos mínimos do tipo Scherk. Finalmente, no espaço ambiente de uma variedade hiperbólica de dimensão 3: nós apresentamos condições suficientes para que um mergulho completo de uma superfície ∑ de topologia finita em N com curvatura média |H∑| ≤ 1 seja próprio. / We prove results concerning the geometry of hypersurfaces on di erent ambient spaces. First, we de ne a generalized Gauss map for a hypersurface Mn-1 c/ Nn, where N is a symmetric space of dimension n ≥ 3. In particular, we generalize a result due to Ruh-Vilms and make some applications. Then, we focus on surfaces on spaces of dimension 3: we study the mean curvature equation of a semidirect product R2 oA R to obtain height estimates and the existence of a Scherk-like minimal graph. Finally, on the ambient space of a hyperbolic manifold N of dimension 3 we give su cient conditions for a complete embedding of a nite topology surface ∑ on N with mean curvature |H∑| ≤ 1 to be proper.
39

Existência e multiplicidade de soluções de problemas elípticos com termo semilinear côncavo-convexo

Guimarães , Angelo 01 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-06T14:33:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Angelo Guimarães - 2017.pdf: 2117097 bytes, checksum: dec3403d71344aacfe3834890266b503 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-06T14:33:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Angelo Guimarães - 2017.pdf: 2117097 bytes, checksum: dec3403d71344aacfe3834890266b503 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T14:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Angelo Guimarães - 2017.pdf: 2117097 bytes, checksum: dec3403d71344aacfe3834890266b503 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for the eliptic problem with semilinear concave convex term, in a limited domain of a N-dimensional euclidean space. If we take f=0 and σ=1 we have a problem homogeneous with critical Sobolev exponent in which we use the Mountain Pass Theorem to find existence of a solution when p<q<p* , and when 1<q<p we use the genus of Krasnoselskii finding infinitely many solutions. If f is not null and σ=0 we have a non homogeneous problem that we prove to have infinitely many solutions, using a method developed by P. Rabinowitz. / Neste trabalho estudaremos existência e multiplicidade de soluções fracas do problema elíptico com termo semilinear côncavo-convexo, em um domínio limitado de um espaço euclidiano de dimensão N. Ao tomarmos f=0 e σ=1 temos um problema homogêneo com expoente crítico de Sobolev em que utilizamos o Teorema do Passo da Montanha para encontrar existência de uma solução quando p<q<p*. Utilizamos o gênero de Krasnoselskii para encontrar infinitas soluções quando 1<q<p. Quando f não é nula e σ=0 temos um problema do tipo não homogêneo que provamos possuir infinitas soluções utilizando um método desenvolvido por P. Rabinowitz.
40

Existência e multiplicidade de soluções para uma classe de problemas quasilineares com crescimento crítico exponencial / Existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of quasilinear problems with exponential critical growth

Luciana Roze de Freitas 09 December 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho, mostramos a existência e multiplicidade de soluções para a seguinte classe de equações elípticas quasilineares { - \'DELTA IND. \'NÜ\' POT. \'upsilon\' + \'|\'upsilon\'| POT. \'NÜ\' - 2 \'upsilon\' = f(x, u), \'upsilon\' \'DIFERENTE\' 0, \'upsilon\' \'PERTENCE A >>: Nu + jujN2 u = f(x; u); x 2 ; u 6= 0; u 2 W1;N( ); onde e um domnio em RN, N 2, N e o operador N-Laplaciano e f e uma func~ao que possui um crescimento crtico exponencial. Para obter nossos resultados utilizamos o Princpio Variacional de Ekeland, Teorema do Passo da Montanha, Categoria de Lusternik- Schnirelman, Ac~ao de Grupo e tecnicas baseadas na Teoria do G^enero. Palavras chaves: Problemas elpticos quasilineares, Metodo Variacional, N-Laplaciano, crescimento crtico exponencial, Princpio Variacional de Ekeland, Categoria de Lusternik- Schnirelman, Desigualdade de Trudinger-Moser / In this work, we show the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following class of quasilinear elliptic equations { - \'DELTA\' IND. \'NÜ\' \'upsilon\'\' + |\'upsilon\'| POT. \'NÜ\' - 2 = f(x, \'upsilon\'), x \"IT BELONGS\' \'OMEGA\', \'upsilon\' \'DIFFERENT\' 0, \'upsilon\' \'IT BELONGS\' W POT. 1, \'NÜ\' ( OMEGA), where \'OMEGA\' is a domain in \' R POT. \'NÜ\' > OR = 2, \'DELTA\' IND. \'NÜ\' is the N-Laplacian operator and f is a function with exponential critical growth. To obtain our results we utilize the Ekeland Variational Principle, the Mountain Pass Theorem, Lusternik-Schnirelman of Category, Group Action and techniques based on Genus Theory

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