Tout comme la plupart des pays industrialisés, le Canada, et plus particulièrement, le Québec, est caractérisé par une forte concentration de la population immigrante sur son territoire. Encore aujourd’hui, la région métropolitaine de Montréal accueille la majorité des immigrants internationaux admis dans la province, ce qui sous-entend que le reste de la province n’attire qu’une part négligeable de l’immigration. En 1992, le gouvernement du Québec a mis en place une politique de régionalisation dans le but de mieux répartir la population immigrante sur le territoire. Cette politique visait d’une part, à encourager les immigrants internationaux à s’établir en dehors de Montréal et, d’autre part, à faire partager les bénéfices de l’immigration à toutes les régions. Mais qu’en est-il des résultats et des effets de cette politique? Jusqu’à maintenant, on connaît toujours peu de choses sur le sujet et sur les caractéristiques des immigrants qui décident de s’établir en « région ». L’objectif de cette recherche est donc de faire le bilan quantitatif et qualitatif de l’immigration au Québec afin de vérifier si cette politique a eu des répercussions sur le choix de destination des immigrants internationaux. Le premier chapitre est essentiellement consacré à la recension des écrits au sujet de la régionalisation de l’immigration, notamment en ce qui à trait au phénomène de concentration géographique et des tendances à l’échelle nationale et internationale. Un premier portrait des immigrants établis au Canada et au Québec complètera ce chapitre. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’évolution des flux migratoires et de la régionalisation au Québec de 1982 à 2006. Le dernier chapitre a pour objectif d’évaluer la capacité de rétention des régions. Cela permettra de dresser le portrait actuel de la population immigrée, c’est-à-dire de connaître la région de destination réelle des immigrants. Les résultats de cette recherche nous permettent de croire que les effets de cette politique tardent à se manifester et que les efforts déployés dans le but d’une répartition mieux équilibrée de l’immigration ont porté fruit davantage à la banlieue de Montréal. / Like most industrialized countries, Canada and more specifically, Quebec, is characterized by a high concentration of the immigrant population on its territory. Still today, the Montreal metropolitan area welcomes the majority of international immigrants that enters the province, which means that the rest of the province only receives a negligible portion of the immigrant population. In 1992, the Quebec government put in place a regionalization policy, hoping to better distribute the immigrant population across its territory. This policy had two goals; the first was to encourage the international immigrants to settle outside of Montreal, and the second, to spread the benefits of immigration across the province. What were the results and effects of this policy? Up until now, we know very little on the subject and on the characteristics of the immigrants who choose to settle outside Montreal in the “regions”. The objective of this research is to make a quantitative and qualitative assessment of immigration in Quebec in order to verify if this policy has affected the international immigrants’ settlement choice. The first chapter is essentially devoted to summarizing the various writings on the regionalization of immigration, particularly on the phenomenon of geographic concentration and the national and international trends. A first description of the immigrants established in Canada and Quebec is going to complete this chapter. The second chapter will analyze the evolution of the migratory flows and regionalization in Quebec from 1982 to 2006. The objective of the last chapter is to evaluate the regions’ retention capability. This will permit to depict the current immigrant population (i.e., identifying the current region of settlement of the immigrants). The results of this research suggest that the effects of this policy are not yet apparent and the efforts deployed to achieve a more balanced distribution of immigration benefited the suburbs of Montreal more than they did the regions of Quebec.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Property ownership and occupational change are used to understand the social and economic organization of the Chinese community in Montreal. These data can be understood with a model of the lineage mode of production, situated within an ethnically defined dual economy. / Original immigration data show distinct patterns for Eastern Canada, and the independence of migration from Canadian legislation. The history of Chinese property ownership reveals encapsulated, long term tenure with transfers related to life cycle crises rather than market conditions. Chinese occupations are highly concentrated in service sector specialities which support domestic production units. The Chinese community is present throughout the Island of Montreal, while Chinatown contains some specialized institutions rather than being a ghetto. / Current demographic changes may jeopardize the future of secondary Chinese centers such as Montreal, in favor of larger centers such as Toronto and Vancouver.

xiv, 143 p. / The amplified effects of climate change in the Arctic are well known and, according to many commentators, endanger Inuit cultural integrity. However, the specific connections between climate change and cultural change are understudied. This thesis explores the relationship between climatic shifts and culture in the Inuit community of Salluit, Quebec, Canada. Although residents of Salluit are acutely aware of climate change in their region and have developed causal explanations for the phenomenon, most Salluit residents do not characterize climate change as a threat to Inuit culture. Instead, they highlight the damaging impacts of globalization and internal colonialism as a more serious problem. This counter-narrative suggests that focusing narrowly on climate change can obscure the broader and more immediate challenges facing Inuit communities. Such a realization demonstrates the need for researchers to locate climate change within a matrix of non-climatic challenges in order to mitigate threats to indigenous cultures. / Committee in charge: Susan W. Hardwick, Chairperson; Alexander B. Murphy, Chairperson; Michael Hibbard, Member

Résumé: La mesure de l’équivalent en eau de la neige (EEN) sur le terrain permet de prédire la quantité d’eau libérée par la fonte de la neige. La télédétection dans les micro-ondes passives offre le potentiel d’estimer I’EEN et peut complémenter ces observations de façon synoptique pour l’ensemble du territoire. Un produit de cartographie de I’EEN couvrant l’ensemble du globe a été élaboré par le NSIDC basé sur le capteur AMSR-E. Cet instrument, lancé en 2002, a une résolution améliorée par rapport aux capteurs antérieurs. L’estimation de I’EEN se base sur la différence entre un canal peu affecté (19 GHz) et un canal affecté (37 GHz) par la diffusion de volume de la neige. La précision de ce produit a été évaluée pour la province de Québec à l’hiver 2003 et à l’hiver 2004 qui ont un EEN moyen de 170 mm. Des sous-estimations importantes ont été révélées et une certaine difficulté à détecter la présence de neige. Des modèles régionaux de régressions linéaires ont été développés pour le Québec. Des corrections pour la fraction d’eau et de forêt ont été appliquées à la combinaison T19v.37v et ont permis d’améliorer les résultats. Ces corrections sont basées sur la température de l’air du modèle GEM. Les meilleurs résultats sont pour la classe de neige taïga à l’hiver 2003 avec une erreur relative de 24 % tandis que l’erreur relative est d’environ 40 % pour la région maritime. Les erreurs élevées dans la classe taïga ont été attribuées à des couverts de neige plus épais que la capacité de pénétration des micro-ondes tandis que les erreurs de la classe maritime a des fractions forêt élevées et à la neige mouillée. La présence d’importante quantité de neige et la forêt dense de la province de Québec compliquent l’estimation de I’EEN au Québec avec un modèle de régression. || Abstract: Snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements in the field allow estimation of the quantity of released water from the melting of snow. This is useful to predict the water reserve available for production of hydro-electricity. Remote sensing with microwave can estimate SWE and complement those observations synoptically for whole territories. A SWE mapping products was developed by NSIDC based on the AMSR-E sensor launched in 2002 with an improved resolution compared to previous sensors. SWE estimation is based on difference between a channel weakly affected (19 GHz) and a channel strongly affected by volume scattering. The precision of this product was evaluated for the province of Quebec in winter 2003 and winter 2004 with a mean SWE of 170 mm. Important underestimation and some difficulty of detecting the snow was revealed. Regional linear regression models were developed for the province of Quebec. Corrections for forest and water fraction were applied on T19V-37V combination and permit to improve the results. Those corrections were based on air temperature from the GEM model. Best results were found for taiga snow class in winter 2003 with a relative error of 28% and approximately 40% for maritime snow class. High errors in the taiga region were attributed to snow depth higher than the penetration depth of the microwave and errors in the maritime region to high forest density and wet snow. The important snow amount and high density forest of the province of Quebec hampers the estimation of SWE with a regression model.

This thesis project involves the translation of a selection of short stories by Camille Deslauriers, a Québécois writer, from French into English, as well as the translation of a selection of short stories by Angie Abdou, a Western English-Canadian writer, from English into French. The thesis is divided into four chapters into which the translations have been inserted. The chapters provide an introduction and commentary to the translations. I begin by giving a brief overview of the importance of literary translation in Canada as well as a short description of Québécois and English-Canadian short fiction.This section introduces the two authors that have been chosen for this thesis, Camille Deslauriers and Angie Abdou, as well as their collections of short stories, Femme-Boa and Anything Boys Can Do respectively. I discuss various approaches to translation, literary translation, linguistic issues, the translation process, and the issue of mother tongue and directionality. Following the two introductory chapters are the translations. I have translated nine of Camille Deslauriers' short stories from Femme-Boa from French into English, and three of Angie Abdou's short stories from Anything Boys Can Do from English into French. In both cases, these are the first translations to be done of these authors' works. I then go on to describe certain challenges posed by the translations, giving examples of strategies adopted to resolve the problems. In the final chapter, I reflect upon the translation process as a whole, in light of the revisions done by both of my thesis advisors, in terms of vocabulary, syntax, bilingualism, and biculturalism.This reflection enables me to synthesize the knowledge that I acquired through the whole translation experience.

In the early 1860s, wealthy English Montrealers began to purchase property on the shores of Lake Memphremagog to build lavish summer estates. Each year, these upper-class businessmen and their families would spend a significant part of the summer at their country houses, swimming in Lake Memphremagog, boating, playing lawn tennis and visiting fellow Montrealers. The emergence of summer residences on Lake Memphremagog was part of a broader trend towards villegiature, or tourism, in Quebec, and in North America, that largely resulted from the rise of the Industrial Revolution and the Romantic Movement. This research analyses the architecture and landscaping of the nineteenth-century summer residences on Lake Memphremagog as it seeks to understand the factors that brought wealthy Montrealers to this lake in the 1860s. It also examines how their upper-class background affected the way they experienced leisure while at the lake. Through this study, it becomes evident that Romanticism and upper-class values significantly influenced the location and styles chosen by the Montrealers for their estates. Additionally, an examination of the social and recreational activities of the summer residents on Lake Memphremagog indicates that the Montrealers re-created much of their urban social sphere in the country, associating mainly with other upper-class families and pursuing many of the same activities. Nonetheless, the primary sources indicate that the relationship between the local residents and the summer residents was generally a positive one.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)" / Est-ce que la décision de ne pas intégrer un élève handicapé sur le plan intellectuel dans une classe régulière est un acte discriminatoire au sens où elle viole les droits à l'égalité garantis par l'article 10 de la Charte québécoise et par l'article 15 de la Charte canadienne? L'hypothèse formulée en réponse à cette question est: oui, cette décision est discriminatoire parce qu'elle est fondée sur un motif illicite, à savoir le handicap. Une fois établi le cadre conceptuel de cette recherche en précisant le sens des concepts de discrimination, de handicap et d'intégration, l'étude de quelques décisions de la Cour d'appel du Québec révèle que, pour cette Cour, la norme d'égalité n'est pas la classe régulière, ce qui met en sourdine la conception de l'intégration comme droit objectif garantissant l'égalité. Ensuite, l'analyse de l'arrêt Eaton de la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario montre comment cette décision a suscité l'enthousiasme de ceux qui croyaient avoir trouvé dans le droit à l'égalité garanti par l'article 15 de la Charte canadienne un appui ferme pour l'intégration. Toutefois, la position de la Cour suprême dans l'arrêt Eaton a refroidi cet enthousiasme en rejetant toute présomption en faveur de l'intégration, lui préférant le critère du meilleur intérêt de l'enfant comme garant du droit à l'égalité pour les élèves intellectuellement handicapés. Ainsi, pour la Cour, le fait de ne pas intégrer ces élèves ne constitue pas en soi une forme de discrimination. / Does the decision not to integrate an intellectually disabled student in a regular c1ass constitute a discriminatory action in the sense that it violates equality rights guaranteed by section 10 of the Quebec Charter and by section 15 of the Canadian Charter ? The hypothesis formulated as an answer to that question is : yes, that decision is discriminatory because it is based on a forbidden ground, namely disability. The conceptual framework of this research is established by defining the concepts of discrimination, disability and integration. Then, the study of sorne Quebec Court of Appeal's decisions shows that in this Court's view the equality standard is not the regular c1ass, a position that underscores the conception of integration as an objective right ensuring equality. Next, the analysis of the Ontario Court of Appeal's decision in Eaton shows how that decision has aroused the enthusiasm of those who thought that they had found a firm support for integration in the equality rights guaranteed by section 15 of the Canadian Charter. However, the Supreme Court's ruling in Eaton has dampened that enthusiasm by rejecting any presumption in favor of integration, and rather adopting the child's best interest criterion as ensuring equality rights for intellectually disabled students. Thus, in the Court' s view, the fact of non integrating those students does not by itself constitute a form of discrimination.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.