Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/06/10). Includes bibliographical references.

Esta dissertação possui o objetivo de mapear os atores de inovação do Québec, no Canadá, através de um estudo exploratório, com base no Modelo da Tríplice Hélice de Etzkowitz (2008). Em seguida, buscou-se identificar o papel de cada um dos atores, que através da inovação e da cooperação favorecem o desenvolvimento regional, explorando-se os elementos da inovação e o impacto dos mesmos nos atores estudados. Utilizou-se o método de análise qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória com análise de conteúdo, através do software Atlas.ti®, versão 7. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa realizada no Québec vão de encontro com a teoria de Etzkowitz (2008), que sugere que a universidade, o governo e a indústria trabalhem em conjunto em prol da inovação. Através das organizações híbridas, que surgem a partir da cooperação entre os três atores, percebeu-se um impacto positivo no fomento a inovação e ao desenvolvimento regional. O levantamento dos atores e a identificação dos elementos regionais contribuem para que outras regiões possam utilizar o modelo das organizações estudadas, com o objetivo de fomentar a inovação através da cooperação para o desenvolvimento regional. A identificação do Quartier de l’Innovation, das Sociedades de Valorização Universitária e do Programa do Governo SR&ED estão entre os principais modelos de organizações/programas identificados que buscam o desenvolvimento da região, através da inovação e da cooperação. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-06T12:12:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriela Cristina Lain.pdf: 5972568 bytes, checksum: 3338ff14f15ac4629f31c864cef83336 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-06T12:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriela Cristina Lain.pdf: 5972568 bytes, checksum: 3338ff14f15ac4629f31c864cef83336 (MD5) / The aim of this dissertation is to map the innovation actors of Quebec, Canada, through an exploratory study based on Etzkowitz’s (2008) triple helix model. We sought to identify the role of each one of the actors that favor local development through innovation and cooperation, exploring the elements of innovation and their impact on the studied actors. The method used was qualitative, descriptive and exploratory analysis with content analysis through the software Atlas.ti®, version 7. The results of the research conducted in Quebec are according to the theory of Etzkowitz (2008) which suggests that the university, the government and the industry work together in favor of innovation. A positive impact has been perceived in promoting innovation and local development through hybrid organizations that emerge from the cooperation among the three actors. The resurgence of the actors and the identification of the regional elements contribute so that the other regions are able to use the model of the studied organizations with the objective of promoting innovation through cooperation for local development. The identification of Quartier de l’Innovation, of the University Valorization Society and the government program SR&ED are among the main models of organizations/programs identified that seek the development of the region through innovation and cooperation.

Les éléments de terres rares (ÉTR) sont des métaux de grand intérêt économique et des traceurs géologiques de premier ordre mais leur cycle métallogénique reste encore méconnu. La Province de Grenville expose sa racine orogénique et présente une grande concentration d’occurrences d’ÉTR, notamment associées à des granites pegmatitiques (« PGD ») dans le Grenville central. Deux mécanismes peuvent être à l’origine de ces PGD, (i) la fusion partielle d’une croûte continentale archéenne et/ou paléoprotérozoïque de la racine orogénique, ou (ii) l’extrême différenciation de magmas mantelliques produits en contexte d’extension post-orogénique. Une approche multi-méthodes (terrain, pétrogéochimie, géochronologie et isotopie) permet de caractériser ces PGD à ÉTR et de discuter leur pétrogénèse dans le cadre de l’évolution géodynamique de la province. Ils ont intrudé à ~1005-1000 Ma (U-Pb monazite et zircon) des métaplutons (minéralisation en allanite) ou des séries métasédimentaires (minéralisation en monazite) du segment de moyenne pression de la ceinture Allochtone. La datation U-Pb sur monazite et apatite d’un leucosome de ces paragneiss migmatitiques met en évidence un pic de métamorphisme au faciès granulite à 1080-1050 Ma suivi d’un refroidissement lent à un taux de 2 à 6°C/Ma, d’abord dans les conditions suprasolidus jusqu’à l’intrusion des PGD dans des conditions proches du solidus hydraté, puis dans des conditions subsolidus jusqu’à l’isotherme 450-500°C enregistré à 970-950 Ma. L’intrusion des PGD est synchrone de l’initiation dès ~1005 Ma de la fusion partielle prolongée (> 20 Ma) des métasédiments parautochtones sous-jacents. Le caractère peralumineux des PGD, l’étude de zircons néoformés des PGD (isotopes U-Pb-Hf-O et éléments traces), et l’étude pétrogéochimique des PGD et des métapélites paléoprotérozoïques à archéennes de la ceinture Parautochtone, issues de l’érosion de la marge de Laurentia, traduisent la formation des PGD par leur fusion partielle. Au contraire, un PGD issu de la remobilisation de plutons allochtones est peu minéralisé en ÉTR, confirmant que l’extraction des ÉTR de ces occurrences du Grenville central est associée à des roches d’affinité crustale du Craton du Supérieur / The Rare Earth Elements (REE) are of great economic interest and first order geological tracers. However, their metallogenic cycle remains poorly defined. The Grenville Province exposes its orogenic root and shows numerous REE occurrences that are especially associated with pegmatitic granite dykes (“PGD”) in the central Grenville. Two hypotheses can account for the genesis of these PGD, whether (i) the partial melting of the orogenic root composed of reworked Archean and/or Proterozoic pre-existing continental crust, or (ii) the extreme differentiation of mantle melts produced during post-orogenic extension. A multi-method approach (field geology, petrogeochemistry, geochronology and isotopy) allow to characterize the PGD and discuss their petrogenesis during the geodynamic evolution of the province. They intruded at ca. 1005-1000 Ma (U-Pb on monazite and zircon) metaplutons (mineralization hosted in allanite) or metasedimentary sequences (mineralization hosted in monazite) from the mid-pressure allochthonous crustal segment. U-Pb dating on monazite and apatite from a single leucosome of these migmatitic paragneisses evidence for a peak of metamorphism at ca. 1080-1050 Ma that was followed by a slow cooling at a rate of 2 to 6°C/Ma, first under suprasolidus conditions until the close to wet-solidus intrusion of PGD, and then under subsolidus conditions down to the 450-500°C isotherm dated at ca. 970-950 Ma. The intrusion of the PGD is coeval with the initiation as early as ca. 1005 Ma of the protracted (> 20 Ma) partial melting of underlying parautochthonous paragneisses. The peraluminous character of the PGD, the investigation of pristine magmatic zircon of the PGD (U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes and trace elements), and the petrogeochemical investigations of parautochthonous Paleoproterozoic-Archean metapelites that derive from the Laurentian margin’s erosion, points to the derivation of the PGD from their partial melting. To the contrary, one PGD derived from the reworking of allochthonous plutonic units is poorly mineralized in REE, and confirms that REE from the central Grenville occurrences are issued from crustal rocks of the Superior Craton

The aim of this study was to find out if there are differences in the use of Anglicisms in the French language from Quebec and from France. This was done with the help of a well-known sitcom named Un gars, une fille. The Quebecers and the French have adopted their own version of this sitcom to their cultures. Nine similar sequences from both countries on the theme of sports and six different on the theme of renovation/DIY were analyzed. The analysis concentrated on the English loanwords used by the characters. It was found that the Quebecers, in the sitcom, used more English loanwords than the French. Both French and Quebecers employed many loanwords that are considered as integrated into their language, but they also used loanwords that have a negative connotation because there is a French word to replace it, but the Anglicisms used appears more fashionable. Finally, it is interesting to note the divergence of opinions among scholars in the field of study. Where one scholar considers an Anglicism as a part of the French language (integrated) another scholar deems it to be a negative influence, a loanword that should not be used.

Esta dissertação possui o objetivo de mapear os atores de inovação do Québec, no Canadá, através de um estudo exploratório, com base no Modelo da Tríplice Hélice de Etzkowitz (2008). Em seguida, buscou-se identificar o papel de cada um dos atores, que através da inovação e da cooperação favorecem o desenvolvimento regional, explorando-se os elementos da inovação e o impacto dos mesmos nos atores estudados. Utilizou-se o método de análise qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória com análise de conteúdo, através do software Atlas.ti®, versão 7. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa realizada no Québec vão de encontro com a teoria de Etzkowitz (2008), que sugere que a universidade, o governo e a indústria trabalhem em conjunto em prol da inovação. Através das organizações híbridas, que surgem a partir da cooperação entre os três atores, percebeu-se um impacto positivo no fomento a inovação e ao desenvolvimento regional. O levantamento dos atores e a identificação dos elementos regionais contribuem para que outras regiões possam utilizar o modelo das organizações estudadas, com o objetivo de fomentar a inovação através da cooperação para o desenvolvimento regional. A identificação do Quartier de l’Innovation, das Sociedades de Valorização Universitária e do Programa do Governo SR&ED estão entre os principais modelos de organizações/programas identificados que buscam o desenvolvimento da região, através da inovação e da cooperação. / The aim of this dissertation is to map the innovation actors of Quebec, Canada, through an exploratory study based on Etzkowitz’s (2008) triple helix model. We sought to identify the role of each one of the actors that favor local development through innovation and cooperation, exploring the elements of innovation and their impact on the studied actors. The method used was qualitative, descriptive and exploratory analysis with content analysis through the software Atlas.ti®, version 7. The results of the research conducted in Quebec are according to the theory of Etzkowitz (2008) which suggests that the university, the government and the industry work together in favor of innovation. A positive impact has been perceived in promoting innovation and local development through hybrid organizations that emerge from the cooperation among the three actors. The resurgence of the actors and the identification of the regional elements contribute so that the other regions are able to use the model of the studied organizations with the objective of promoting innovation through cooperation for local development. The identification of Quartier de l’Innovation, of the University Valorization Society and the government program SR&ED are among the main models of organizations/programs identified that seek the development of the region through innovation and cooperation.

This thesis provides a comparative analysis of two recent sub-constitutional acts of recognition extended by the Canadian and Spanish governments towards Quebec and Catalonia, respectively. Specifically, the thesis examines a 2006 resolution by the Canadian House of Commons recognizing “that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada” and the 2006 Catalan Statute of Autonomy, an act that contained similarly ambiguous language regarding nationhood and wider state unity. Both acts are conceptualized as the by-products of an ongoing tension that characterize the Quebec-Canada and Catalonia-Spain relationships, between a rigid and monistic interpretation of the Canadian and Spanish states that operates at the constitutional level, and a more open and multinational interpretation that operates at the sub-constitutional level. The thesis concludes that both the Canadian and Spanish states could benefit from reconceptualising national recognition struggles as an ongoing and necessary feature of free and democratic multinational societies.

Cette thèse a pour but d'étudier les diverses représentations du Moyen Âge au Québec à travers un corpus d'expositions parcourant le XXe siècle et le début des années 2000. Nous nous intéressons au rôle joué par l'espace muséal québécois dans la diffusion de discours sur cette période européenne. Chaque exposition est replacée dans son contexte de création afin de mettre en évidence les raisons d'ordres religieux, culturels, politiques et linguistiques qui incitent les musées à privilégier telle ou telle représentation du Moyen Âge. / This thesis aims to study the various representations of the Middle Ages in Quebec through a corpus of temporary exhibitions held during the twentieth century and the early 2000s. We question the role played by the Quebec museums in the diffusion of discourses about this European period. In order to highlight the religious, cultural, political or linguistic reasons for museums to focus on a specific representation of the Middle Ages, each exhibition is replaced within its original context of creation.

In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being. In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications. Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.

This thesis examines the everyday experiences of Anglophone communities in three different regions of Quebec – the Gaspésie, Gatineau and Eastern Townships – with the aim to understand their sense of place. Specifically, the focus is on the role of different geographic contexts on everyday access to social services, particularly healthcare, and how these experiences contribute to Anglophones’ place attachment. Data collection involved semi-structured personal interviews with ten participants in each region. Comparative analysis yielded three main findings: (1) issues with accessing healthcare in English reinforces Anglophones’ minority status; (2) in spite of the challenges faced as a linguistic minority, Anglophones demonstrate a strong sense of place to their region; and (3) feelings of home, heritage, and rootedness constitute elements in Anglophones’ place attachment and contribute to their sense of place in Quebec. The study also concludes that age, mobility, and location are important variables in influencing everyday experiences in each of the three regions.

The recent controversy over the 2014 proposed Quebec Charter of Values suggests the integration of minorities is, at present, a fundamental social and political debate in such a multicultural nation as Canada. Yet, minimal consideration has been given to second-generation citizens who find themselves living between various dimensions of culture. This study examines the impact of legislated multiculturalism and how it has evolved to influence second-generation Canadians in this country. This qualitative research explores the contemporary challenges of multiculturalism by examining the phenomenological analysis of second-generation Canadian Ismaili Muslim men in Montreal, Quebec. In-depth interviews were conducted to expand their perspective of identity negotiation in Canada. Research findings suggest that a symbolic sense of identity is created by simultaneously being part of the cultures found in Quebec, Canada and the global Ismaili Muslim diaspora community. This study argues that research participants challenge fixed conceptions of cultural identity markers; that their sense of diaspora community is indispensable to their perception of home and belonging in Canada; and that the legislation of multiculturalism is a practical and positive influence for second-generation Canadians. This discussion of the second-generation identity, along with the literature review and findings, provides further insight into the Canadian approach of multiculturalism.