A aceleração da regeneração nervosa aliada à sua qualidade através da inoculação de células no sítio da lesão tem sido objeto de diversos estudos experimentais. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a regeneração nervosa associando a técnica de tubulização com a fração mononuclear autóloga de medula óssea em coelhos. Foram utilizados 28 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, hígidos, distribuídos em dois grupos: terapia (GT) e controle (GC), de igual número, subdivididos de acordo com o tempo de avaliação em 50 e 75 dias. Todos os animais foram anestesiados e submetidos a secção do nervo femoral direito com imediata neurorrafia utilizando tubo de silicone, deixando um intervalo de 5 mm entre os cotos nervosos, porém apenas o GT recebeu a terapia celular. A avaliação da regeneração foi realizada funcionalmente e histologicamente, sendo os dados de função obtidos por exame clínico neurológico realizado a cada dez dias de pós-operatório e eletrofisiologia nervosa realizada previamente a eutanásia aos 50 e 75 de pós-operatório. Na análise histológica constataram-se presença de ponte nervosa e boa regeneração das fibras em todos os animais. A eletrofisiologia nervosa demonstrou queda nos valores de amplitude e aumento da latência, independentemente dos grupos. Entretanto, na avaliação funcional da marcha, o GT apresentou melhor desempenho significativo nas três primeiras semanas de avaliação. Estes dados sugerem que a terapia celular associada à técnica de tubulização influencia beneficamente no início da regeneração nervosa, proporcionando retorno funcional do nervo mais precoce quando comparado a animais controle. / The acceleration of nerve regeneration combined with its quality by the inoculation of cells is the site of the injury has been the object of several experimental studies. This paper aims to evaluate the nerve regeneration using the tubulization technique associated with the transplantation of autologous mononuclear cell from bone marrow in rabbits. The study has used twenty-eight animals New Zealand, healthy, allocated in two groups with equal number: therapy group (TG) and control group (CG), divided according to the evaluation duration time at 50 and 75 days. All animals were anaesthetized and then had their right femoral nerve sectioned, followed by immediate neurorrhaphy with a silicon tube, leaving a 5mm gap between the nervous stumps, but only the GT received cell therapy. The evaluation of the regeneration was made histologically and functionally through clinical examination carried out each ten days postsurgery and through electrophysiology prior to euthanasia at 50 and 75 postsurgery in both groups. The histological analysis, showed the presence of nerve repair and good regeneration of fibers in both groups. The electrophysiology showed a reduction of the amplitude values and increased latency, irrespective of the group. However, the lameness analysis showed that the GT had significantly better performance on the first three weeks postoperatively. The results suggest that cell therapy associated with the silicon channels can be a good influence on the beginning of nerve regeneration, providing functional return of the nerve earlier when compared to control animals.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-10T15:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Debora Costa Viegas de Lima.pdf: 1473314 bytes, checksum: a21d99f149ebbe332a3c6463de600fcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T15:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Debora Costa Viegas de Lima.pdf: 1473314 bytes, checksum: a21d99f149ebbe332a3c6463de600fcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research aimed to detect the occurrence of IgG antibodies against T. gondii in rabbits, identify risk factors associated with T. gondii infection and detect T. gondii DNA in rabbit organs. Blood samples from 150 rabbits and tissue fragments (brain, heart and diaphragm) from 54 rabbits were collected in the state of Pernambuco. Data obtained in questionnaires were submitted to analysis of risk factors. The serum samples were submited to serological test (MAT) and the tissue samples to molecular (PCR) and histopathology tests. Results indicated the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in 6.7% (10/150) of the rabbits and T. gondii DNA in 9.25% (5/54). On histopathology were detected lesions associated with T. gondii mainly characterized by granuloma, mononuclear cell infiltrates, areas of degeneration and necrosis in brain and heart. This is the first study of Toxoplasma gondii detection in naturally infected rabbits in northeastern. The identified risk factors were: feeding based on raw vegetables (Odds ratio: 39.00) and contact between cats and rabbits (Odds ratio: 52.00); being this detection relevant to the implementation of effective preventive measures against toxoplasmosis and its prevalence in these and in other species. The detection of T. gondii in rabbits demonstrates the importance of the infection risk and maintenance of this agent in these animals and in the environment, beeing a public health risk. / Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa detectar a ocorrência de anticorpos IgG contra T. gondii em coelhos, identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii e detectar o DNA de T. gondii em órgãos de coelhos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 150 coelhos e fragmentos de cérebro, coração e diafragma de 54 coelhos no estado de Pernambuco. Os dados obtidos em questionários foram submetidos à análise dos fatores de risco. As amostras de soro foram submetidas a teste sorológico (MAT) e as amostras de tecido aos exames molecular (PCR) e histopatológico. Foi evidenciada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii em 6,7% (10/150) dos coelhos e DNA de T. gondii em 9,25% (5/54). Na histopatologia foram detectadas lesões teciduais associadas a T. gondii caracterizadas principalmente por granuloma, infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear, áreas de degeneração e necrose em cérebro e coração. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre a detecção de Toxoplasma gondii em coelhos naturalmente infectados na região Nordeste do Brasil. Os fatores de risco identificados foram: alimentação a base de vegetais crus (Odds ratio: 39,00) e contato entre gatos e coelhos (Odds ratio: 52,00); sendo esta detecção relevante na implementação de medidas preventivas eficazes contra a Toxoplasmose e sua prevalência nessas e em outras espécies. A detecção de T. gondii em coelhos demonstra a importância do risco da infecção e manutenção deste agente nesses animais e no ambiente, sendo um risco para a Saúde Pública.

Objetivo:Caracterizar o padrão de homeostase (proliferação celular e apoptose) de tecido endometrial eutópico e ectópico de coelhas submetidas à indução de lesões de endometriose por modelo experimental já conhecido, quatro e oito semanas após o procedimento de implantação endometrial. Material e Métodos:Estudo experimental animal sendo utilizado 20 coelhas adultas Nova Zelândia, fêmeas e virgens, submetidas à laparotomia para indução da lesão de endometriose, através da ressecção de um corno uterino e fixação no peritônio pélvico de fragmento de 5mm. As coelhas foram divididas em dois grupos de 10 animais, sendo os animais do grupo 1, sacrificados após 4 semanas da indução da lesão endometrial ectópica e os do grupo 2 após 8 semanas. A lesão foi excisada para análise histológica juntamentecom o corno uterino contralateral, comprovando a presença de tecido endometrial glandular e estromal. Reações de imunohistoquímica foram realizadas, no tecido endometrial eutópico e ectópico, para proliferação celular através do PCNA e para apoptose através do fas, na glândula e estroma, sendo obtido o índice de proliferação celular (IPC) e de apoptose (IA) através do número de células marcadas por 1000 contadas, e o índice dehomeostase tecidual através do coeficiente entre o IPC e IA. Resultados:Observou-se maior índice de proliferação no tecido ectópico, tanto glandular como estromal, quando comparado com o endométrio eutópico, com 4 e 8 semanas após a indução da lesão. Contudo, quando as lesões ectópicas foram comparadas entre si, com 4 e 8 semanas, não foi observada diferença significativa. Quando comparamos o índice de apoptose, observamos que não houve diferença entre o tecido ectópico e o eutópico, tanto glandular como estromal nas lesões induzidas e analisadas com 4 semanas, porém no tecido glandular das lesões analisadas com 8 semanas houve diferença significativa entre a lesão ectópica e o tecido endometrialeutópico 0,0819 ± 0,0213 e 0,0995 ± 0,01336, respectivamente (p=0,04). A homeostase tecidual foi calculada e observou-se uma tendência destes tecidos a proliferação, sempre com índicesde homeostase tecidual (IPC/IA) acima de 1. Conclusão:As lesões ectópicas parecem ter uma proliferação celular maior que o endométrio eutópico levando a uma tendência ao crescimento tecidual descontrolado nas lesões de endometriose induzidas. / Objective: To characterize the pattern of tissue homeostasis (cell proliferation and apoptosis) of eutopic and ectopic endometrium in rabbitsfour and eight weeks after endometrium implantation for induction of endometriotic lesions by experimental standardized method. Material and methods: Animal experimental study with 20 female, virgins and adult New Zeland rabbits, submitted to laparotomy for endometriosis induction by resection of one uterine horn, isolation of the correspondent endometrium and fixation of a 5mm tissue segment to the pelvic peritoneum. The animals were divided in two groups of 10, group 1 was sacrificed after 4 weeks of endometriosis induction and group 2 eight weeks after the procedure. The lesion was excised for later histological analysis together with the opposite uterine horn, just to verify the presence of endometrial gland and stroma. Immunohistochemistry reactions were performed in order to study cell proliferation (by PCNA technique) and apoptosis (by fastechnique) in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and a Cell Proliferation Index (CPI) and an Apoptotic Index (AI) werecalculated based on these findings, considering the number of marked cellsper 1000 counted cells. The Homeostatic Tissue Index (HTI) was considered to be the relation between CPI and AI (CPI/AI). Gland and stroma were analyzed separately. Results: There was an increase in the CPI of the ectopic tissue, considering gland and stroma, after four and eight weeks of endometriosis induction when comparing to the eutopic one. However, when comparing the ectopic lesions, there was no difference between four and eight weeks of induction. Analyzing the only the AI, there was no difference between the eutopic and the ectopic endometrium with four weeks,nevertheless there was a significant difference in the glandular tissue of the lesions with eight weeks when comparing eutopic and ectopic tissues (0.0819 ± 0.0213 e 0.0995 ± 0.01336, respectively (p=0,04)). Based on HTI there was a tendency to cell proliferation on these tissues, always with and HTI (CPI/AI) higher than 1. Conclusions: Ectopic lesions seem to have a higher cell proliferation than the eutopic endometrium, tending to present an uncontrolled tissue growth in the endometriotic inducted lesions.

Orientador: Luis Augusto Passeri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T19:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo_LuisRaimundoSerra_M.pdf: 3722104 bytes, checksum: c6b3938f71c82fff4c3a0a68d13f9cc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência à remoção, por tração, de três marcas diferentes de parafusos, de 1,5 mm de diâmetro, inseridos de maneira monocortical em tíbias de coelhos foram testados 30 parafusos, confeccionados em titânio, divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a marca comercial (W. Lorenz, Synthes e Engimplan). Os parafusos foram inseridos em fragmentos ósseos removidos de tíbias de coelho, que foram armazenadas em solução fisiológica e congeladas à temperatura de -18°C, até a realização dos testes. As tíbias tiveram suas epífises proximal e distal removidas e foram divididas em 4 segmentos de 1,0 cm. Os segmentos ósseos foram incluídos em resina acrílica quimicamente ativada, no interior de cilindros de PVC. Cada segmento recebeu uma perfuração em sua cortical superior, e um parafuso foi inserido de maneira monocortical. Os corpos-de-prova foram levados a uma máquina de tração universal, onde por meio de um dispositivo confeccionado em aço inoxidável, adaptado ao mordente inferior da mesma, foram submetidos a testes de tração, a uma velocidade de 6 mm/min. Os resultados obtidos foram transformados em kgf/cm2. Foi aplicada análise estatística não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, em prova bilateral. Os resultados indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre a tração exercida para remoção dos parafusos do grupo W. Lorenz, quando comparados ao grupo Engimplan. Os maiores valores de tração foram alcançados pelo grupo W. Lorenz, e os menores pelo grupo Engimplan. O grupo Synthes não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significante, quando comparados aos demais / Abstract: This study evaluated the uniaxial pull-out strength of three differents systems of 1.5 mm monocortical screws inserted into rabbit tibias. Thirty titanium screws of three groups (Group W. Lorenz, Synthes and Engimplan) were tested. The screws were inserted into 30 tibias of New Zealand Breed rabbits, ranging 2.0 mm thick. The bone was stored in a 0.90/0 saline solution and refrigerated at the temperature af -18°C until all tests were completed. The proximal and distal epifisis were removed and each tibia were cut into 1.0 cm sections with a carborundum disk under low speed. The sections were fixed with chemicallyactivated acrylate resin in a PVC cylinders. Roles were drilled in the fixed bone fragments and 1.5 mm screws were inserted remaining the run-out portion uncovered. The test bodies were secured in a custom-made retention jig and subjected to the uniaxial pull-out tests by the universal rehearsal machine at speed of 6 mm/minute. The results obtained in a kilogram - force (kgf) and were analyzed through a bilateral test, the Kruskal - Wallis' test, at a 5% level of probability. The results indicated significant differences between Group W. Lorenz and Group Engimplan. The largest force was related to the Group Lorenz screws while the smallest to the group Engimplan screws / Mestrado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

L’étude des interactions entre système fourrager, santé et croissance des lapins contribuera à proposer de nouvelles pratiques pour des systèmes d’élevage cunicole alternatifs, tels que ceux en agriculture biologique (AB) incluant une gestion intégrée de la santé. Mais cette stratégie est limitée par le manque de références sur la cuniculture AB, i) sur l'alimentation au pâturage (ingestion de fourrages verts, qualités nutritionnelles pour les lapins, etc) ; et ii) sur les risques sanitaires notamment le parasitisme, identifié comme un frein important au développement de la cuniculture AB. L’emploi de plantes riches en tannins condensés (TCs) comme le sainfoin, permettrait de diminuer l’utilisation d’antiparasitaires comme cela a été montré chez les petits ruminants, tant pour la gestion des nématodes que celle des coccidies. Mais le potentiel d’activité des TCs chez le lapin, tout comme le niveau d’ingestion et les performances de croissance, restent à explorer, et pourra servir la cuniculture AB et conventionnelle. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif i) d’étudier l’intérêt du sainfoin comme ressource pour l’alimentation du lapin, et pour ses propriétés antiparasitaires, ii) définir le niveau d’ingestion au pâturage des lapins et les conséquences sur la production et iii) d’évaluer, le risque parasitaire au pâturage pour des lapins en production. Nous avons montré qu’un aliment enrichi en sainfoin distribué à partir du sevrage, avec une teneur en tannins de 1,8% d’équivalent d’acide tannique, n’a pas réduit l’installation de L3s de Trichostrongylus colubriformis, ni la fertilité des vers adultes, mais a réduit le potentiel d’éclosion des oeufs (-27 points), contribuant à réduire l’infestation de l’environnement. Un aliment enrichi en sainfoin contenant 1,2% d’équivalent d’acide tannique, distribué aux mères et aux lapins en croissance a eu un effet coccidiostatique : l’excrétion oocystale fécale de lapins nourris avec un aliment enrichi en sainfoin a été réduite de 60% par rapport à ceux ayant reçus l’aliment témoin. Si la réduction de l’excrétion oocystale de l’espèce Eimeria magna n’a pas pu être démontrée, en revanche, la réduction d’oocystes toutes espèces confondues dans l’environnement pourrait contribuer à diminuer le risque de coccidiose en élevage. Comparé à la luzerne, le sainfoin, plus riche en lignines, a une forte concentration en énergie (11,2 MJ/kg) et en protéines digestibles (110 g/kg). Au pâturage, lorsque la quantité d’herbe offerte dépasse 85 g MS/kg0,75, il semble que l’ingestion d’herbe soit régulée d’une part lorsque la teneur en énergie digestible de l’herbe dépasse 9 MJ/kg (régulation chémostatique), ou d’autre part si la teneur en lignocellulose (ADF) dépasse 350 g d’ADF/kg (régulation physique : encombrement digestif). Mais la quantité d'herbe disponible dépasse rarement 85 g MS/kg0,75. C’est-à-dire que dans la majorité des cas, une surface pâturable de 0,4 m² (minimum réglementaire) n’a pas permis de combler la capacité d’ingestion et les besoins énergétiques de lapin en croissance. De plus, si l’offre d’herbe est limitante, le lapin ne peut pas exprimer une préférence alimentaire vers des plantes plus jeunes et riches en protéines. La limitation de l’ingestion de protéines a aussi pour conséquence de réduire les potentialités de croissance des lapins et d’allonger la période d’engraissement. Au cours de trois saisons successives de pâturage (université de Perpignan), la pression parasitaire (nématodes et coccidies) a augmenté, avec des infestations par Trichostrongylus sp. et de Graphidium strigosum. Si le délai d'attente entre deux pâturages n’a pas eu d’effet visible sur l’infestation par des nématodes, cela influerait le niveau d’infection par les coccidies. Nos travaux établissent l’intérêt de l’incorporation du sainfoin dans l’alimentation du lapin et ouvrent des perspectives pour établir des pratiques innovantes et bénéfiques à la production cunicole biologique et conventionnelle. / The study of the interactions between grazing systems, health and growth in organic rabbit farming (ORF) will contribute to propose new practices including integrated management of health. However, this strategy is limited by the lack of references on ORF and in particular on rabbit intake of green fodder when grazing, nutritional qualities of forages for rabbits, the supply of grass in relation with animal’s density (stocking rate), the related parasitic challenge, etc. The acquisition of such references is a key issue for the development of ORF. The use of plants rich in condensed tannins (CTs), such as sainfoin, could reduce the use of antiparasitic agents, as shown in small ruminants, both for the management of nematodes and for coccidia. However, the potential for CTs containing resources in rabbits, as well as the intake levels and the effects on growth performances, remain to be explored in both OF and conventional rabbit breeding. The aim of this thesis was (i) to investigate the interest of sainfoin as a resource for rabbit feeding and its antiparasitic properties, (ii) to define the intake level in grazing rabbit and the consequences on production and (iii) to evaluate the parasitic risk associated with pasture for rabbits’ production. We have shown that a sainfoin-enriched diet distributed from weaning, with a feed containing 1.8% of tannic acid equivalent, did not reduce neither the establishment of Trichostrongylus colubriformis L3s, nor the fertility of adult worms. In contrast, the development of nematode’s egg to infective larvae was compromised and may reduce the risk of environmental contamination. Besides, a sainfoin-enriched diet containing 1.2% tannic acid equivalent, distributed to does and growing rabbits, had a coccidiostatic effect. With an overall fecal oocyst excretion in rabbits fed with sainfoin reduced by 60% compared to control diet. Although, the pathogenic species Eimeria magna was not concerned by these decrease, such a general reduction in oocyst excretion in the environment could help to reduce on long term the risk of coccidiosis in the rearing units. Sainfoin could constitute a real alternative to dehydrated alfalfa, since it has high digestible energy (DE, 11.12 MJ DE/kg), and protein (110 g/kg), and provide a high supply of lignins. At grazing, when the herbage allowance exceeded 85 g DM/kg0,75, it appeared that the herbage intake was limited by an increase in the DE content when it exceeds 9 MJ / kg, or else by a lignocellulose content higher than 350 g of ADF/kg. However, herbage allowance, rarely exceeds 85 g DM/kg0,75. In other words, in the majority of cases access to a 0.4 m² grazing area did not allow sufficient supply to reach the intake capacity and energy requirements of the rabbits. In addition, rabbits with limited supply cannot express their dietary preference to young and high protein plants. Limiting the intake of proteins also reduced the growth potential of rabbits and extended the fattening period. During the first three grazing seasons (University of Perpignan), the parasitic pressure (nematodes and coccidia) increased, particularly with cases of Trichostrongylus sp. and Graphidium strigosum. While rotation rhythms had no visible effects on nematode infestation, it had an influence on coccidian infection. This work enabled us to establish the advantage of sainfoin enriched diet for the rabbit. It gives prospects to further research projects regarding the establishment of beneficial and innovative practices for organic and conventional rabbit breeding.

Mixed-function oxygenase systém (MFO systém) plays a vital role in the metabolism of a variety of both endogenous substrates and xenobiotics. This membrane systém consists of cytochrome P450s, NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), cytochrome b5 and NADH:cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase (b5R). Cytochrome P450 catalyzes a monooxygenation of a substrate, while POR and cytochrome b5 represent its redox partners. Cytochrome b5, itself having a redox partner in b5R, effects the reactions catalyzed by the MFO system in various ways, through mechanisms that are not fully understood. This paper focuses on the purification of b5R and POR from rabbit liver. The microsomal fraction obtained by differential centrifugation contained 42 mg of protein per ml. From a portion of the microsomal fraction, b5R was obtained using chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose and 5'-ADP agarose columns. The yield was 0,3 % of ferricynide-reductase activity and the product contained several contaminants in the molecular weight range of 50-70 kDa. A second purification of b5R from the microsomal fraction was carried out using a column of DEAE-Sepharose directly connected to a 5'-ADP agarose column. The b5R product was purified with a yield of 10,9 % and it once again contained several contaminants in the molecular...

La forte prévalence des problèmes digestifs chez les lapins en croissance autour du sevrage, et le taux élevé de mortalité chez les lapines associé à une forte prévalence de femelles ayant un état corporel dégradé pourrait être le témoin d’une discordance entre les apports nutritionnels des animaux et leurs besoins. Nous avons visé, dans le cadre d’une alimentation séparée entre les lapines et leurs lapereaux avant le sevrage, de répondre à deux objectifs complémentaires : i) de mieux comprendre les relations entre les apports nutritionnels, la mise en place de l’ingestion d’aliment, la maturation de l’écosystème caecal, la santé et la croissance des jeunes lapereaux, et ii) d’explorer le lien entre la nature des nutriments apportés au cours du cycle de reproduction et les performances chez les lapines reproductrices. Nous avons observé que dans le cadre d’une stratégie de restriction alimentaire après le sevrage, la distribution, de 18 à 70 jours d’âge, d’un aliment plus riche en énergie (+7% ED), mais contenant un niveau de fibres suffisant, permet d’optimiser la croissance des lapereaux avant et après sevrage,sans pénaliser la santé des lapereaux(1,49% de mortalité). Nous avons aussi montré, que lors de l’application d’une restriction alimentaire après le sevrage, la distribution d’un aliment riche soit en amidon (166 vs 72 g/kg),soit en fibres (173 vs 220 g/kg d’ADF),avant le sevrage conditionne le poids des lapereaux non seulement au moment du sevrage (+7,7%) mais également jusqu’au moment de la vente (2522 vs 2584 g). Enfin, nous avons constaté que le niveau d’ingestion de l’aliment chez les lapereaux au moment de la mise en place de l’ingestion d’aliment solide influence la maturation de l’écosystème caecal. Chez les lapines, notre étude a apporté des résultats mitigés. Nous avons observé peu d’effet sur les performances de reproduction chez les lapines, mais nous avons observé des conséquences importantes sur le bilan énergétique des femelles (-4,94 vs -2,05 MJ), la quantité (3911 vs 3415 g)et la qualité du lait produit. Ce dernier élément a des effets sur la croissance des lapereaux et leur ingestion précoce d’aliment solide (7 vs 9 g/j entre 18 à 25 jours d’âge), ce qui en conséquence affecte leur santé après le sevrage (5,8 vs 1,7 % de mortalité).Cela a été le cas avec l’utilisation d’un aliment riche en lipides (49 g/kg de lipides brute) au début de la lactation.Toutefois, nous avons aussi montré que les coefficients d’utilisation digestive des nutriments sont très différents chez les lapereaux et chez les femelles à différents stades physiologiques. Par conséquent, en l’absence de mesures réelles de la valeur nutritionnelle des aliments sur les femelles elles-mêmes et au stade physiologique considéré, nos estimations des apports nutritionnels et donc l’estimation des bilans peuvent être erronés. Au final, nos résultats suggèrent que la stratégie qui consisterait à valoriser le système d’alimentation séparée pour n’utiliser qu’un seul aliment pour les lapines pendant toute leur vie reproductive pourrait être le meilleur compromis entre simplicité, efficacité et rentabilité. Celui-ci devrait être riche en énergie sous forme d’amidon pour favoriser le maintien de la fertilité et des réserves corporelles sur le long terme. Ce système d’alimentation séparée permettrait aussi chez les lapereaux de limiter les conséquences néfastes d’un changement d’aliment et d’optimiser le compromis entre performances de croissance et de santé par l’introduction d’un aliment plus riches en énergie et en protéine mais avec un niveau de fibres suffisant dans le cadre d’une restriction alimentaire après le sevrage. Mieux comprendre l’adaptation digestive et la gestion des priorités métaboliques au cours du cycle de reproduction chez la femelle ainsi que la relation entre ingestion précoce et maturation de l’écosystème caecal chez le jeune lapereau sont des perspectives de recherche intéressante à nos travaux. / The high prevalence of digestive problems in growing rabbits around weaning and the high rate of mortality in rabbit does associated with a high prevalence of does having a degraded body condition can contest to a mismatch between the nutritional intake of animals and their needs. This thesis aimed, through the use of a separate feeding system between rabbits does and their kits before weaning, to respond to two complementary objectives: i) to better understand the relationship between nutrient intake, the establishment of solid feed intake, the maturation of the cecal ecosystem, and the health and growth of young rabbits, and ii) to explore the relationship between the nature of nutrients provided throughout the reproduction cycle and performance in breeding does. We observed that in the context of a feed restriction strategy after weaning, the distribution, from 18 to 70 days of age, of a more energy-rich feed (+7% DE), but containing sufficient level of fiber, optimizes young rabbit growth before and after weaning, without compromising their health (1.49% mortality). We also showed that when a feed restriction plan is implemented after weaning, the nutritional strategy used before weaning, the distribution of a feed either rich in starch (166 vs 72 g/kg) or in fiber (173 vs 220 g/kg ADF), conditions the weight of growing rabbits not only at weaning (+7.7%) but also at the time of sale (2522 vs 2584 g). Finally, we found that the solid feed intake level of rabbit kits at the establishment of solid feed intake influences the maturation of the cecal ecosystem. In reproductive does, our study has produced mixed results. We observed little effect on reproductive performances in does, but observed a significant impact on their energy balance (-4.94 vs -2.05 MJ), and the quantity (3911 vs 3415 g) and quality of the milk produced. The latter had an effect on the growth of young rabbits and early ingestion of solid food (7 vs 9 g/day from 18 to 25 days of age), which consequently affects their health after weaning (5.8 vs 1.7% mortality).This was the case with the introduction of a feed rich in fat (49 g/kg crude fat) during early lactation. However, our latest work revealed that, in the absence of actual measurements of the nutritional value of feed using the females themselves and taking into consideration their physiological state, our estimation of nutrient intake, and therefore the estimation of the energy balance may be wrong. Finally, our results suggest that the strategy which introduces the separate feeding system in order to distribute only one type of feed for the rabbit does throughout their reproductive life might be the best compromise between simplicity, efficiency and profitability. The feed used should be rich in energy, in the form of starch, to help maintain fertility and body reserves of the does in the long term. This separate feeding system would also allow the rabbits to limit the negative consequences of a diet change and optimize the trade off between growth performance and health by introducing a richer food energy and protein but with a sufficient level of fiber as part of a feed restriction strategy after weaning. A better understanding of the digestive adaptation and management of metabolic priorities during the reproductive cycle in the female and the relationship between early maturation and ingestion of cecal ecosystem in young rabbit are interesting research perspectives to our work.

Background: Experimental mapping and computer modelling provide important platforms to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal activation of the heart. However, accurate computer modelling requires detailed anatomical models and needs support and validation from experimental data. Aims: 1) Construction of detailed anatomical heart models with the cardiac conduction system (CCS). 2) Mapping of the electrical activation sequence in rabbit atria to support and validate computer simulation. 3) Mapping of the spontaneous activity in the atrioventricular ring tissues (AV rings), which consist of nodal-like myocytes and can be a source of atrial tachycardia. Methods: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were used to provide two-dimensional (2D) images for the construction of the detailed anatomical heart models. Immunohistochemistry and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to distinguish the CCS in the heart. LabVIEW was used in the development of a multi-electrode mapping system. The multi-electrode mapping technique was employed to map the electrical activation sequence of the rabbit atria. The cellular automaton model was used to simulate electrical activation of the rabbit atria. Results: 1) Three detailed anatomical models were constructed, including a detailed three dimensional (3D) anatomical model of the rabbit heart (whole of the atria and part of the ventricles), a 3D anatomical model of the rat heart with the CCS and AV rings, and a 3D anatomical model of the human atrioventricular node. 2) A multi-electrode mapping system was developed. 3) The electrical activation sequence of the rabbit atria was mapped in detail using the multi-electrode mapping system. The conduction velocity in the rabbit atria was measured. The mapping data showed the coronary sinus and the left superior vena cava do not provide an interatrial conduction route during sinus rhythm in the rabbit heart. 4) Electrical activation of the rabbit atria was simulated with the support of the 3D anatomical model of the rabbit atria and the experimental mapping data. 5) The spontaneous activity in the rat AV rings was mapped using the multi-electrode mapping system. Conclusions: The detailed anatomical models developed in this study can be used to support accurate computer simulation and can also be used in anatomical teaching and research. The experimental mapping data from the rabbit atria can be used to support and validate computer simulation. The computer simulation study demonstrated the importance of anatomical structure and electrophysiological heterogeneity. This study also demonstrated that the AV rings could potentially act as ectopic pacemakers.

This work is concerned with a study of the role of complement and antibodies in the serum of rabbits and of a non-susceptible strain of mice in the protection of Akr mice injected with active Akr tumor cells.

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2017-08-30T14:53:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bárbara Romélia Batista Câmara Dissertação.pdf: 527767 bytes, checksum: 63c5ee00aac904b8ad794952dad6dbaa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bárbara Romélia Batista Câmara Dissertação.pdf: 527767 bytes, checksum: 63c5ee00aac904b8ad794952dad6dbaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 / Considering that feed normally corresponds to 70% of the costs in an animal husbandry, the producer must search for raw materials that are able to reduce this cost, as long as they maintain or improve the zootechnical performance of the breeding. The rabbit requires high fiber content in the diet to maintain consistency and volume of the digesta, to ensure normal digestive transit, to distend the mucosa by stimulating intestinal motility and as a substrate for microbiota present in the cecum. Alfalfa hay is considered a balanced source of fiber, able to meet the nutritional requirements of the rabbit when it is included around 30% in the diet, but due to its high commercial value, it costs up to 40% the cost of the diet. Legume cratylia (Cratylia argentea) may be an alternative to the high added value of alfalfa hay, as it is a legume that normally has a nutritional value superior to that of most shrub legumes and contains only traces of tannins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of diets formulated with leaves each containing three leaflets with their respective stalks (petioles) of Cratylia argentea in the feeding of growing rabbits. A total of 28 New Zealand White rabbits (14 per treatment) with 55 days of age, of both sexes, were distributed in a randomized complete block design and two diets were evaluated. The reference diet was formulated to meet the requirements of the animals and the test diet was obtained by replacing 20% of the reference diet with the Cratylia argentea hay meal. The experimental period comprised 11 days, being seven days of adaptation and four days of total collection of feces, per experimental unit. The performance results (average daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion and final weight) were not influenced by the addition of hay from the leaves of the crattia. The coefficient of metabolizability of dry matter was better in the control group. The control group had higher consumption of crude protein, however, the group that fed the starch had higher excretion of crude protein in feces and lower percentage of crude protein retained. Cratylia argentea presents values of 1,400.67 kcal / kg of DM of digestible energy and 3.34% of digestible protein / kg of DM. / Considerando que a alimentação corresponde normalmente a 70% dos custos em uma criação animal; o produtor deve buscar por matérias-primas que sejam capazes de reduzir este custo, desde que mantenham ou melhorem o desempenho zootécnico da criação. O coelho exige alto teor de fibra na ração para manter a consistência e o volume da digesta, assegurar o trânsito digestivo normal, distender a mucosa estimulando a motilidade intestinal e como substrato para microbiota presente no ceco. O feno de alfafa é considerado uma fonte balanceada de fibra, capaz de suprir as exigências nutricionais do coelho ao ser incluído em torno de 30% na dieta, porém devido ao seu alto valor comercial, onera em até 40% o custo da dieta. A leguminosa cratília (Cratylia argentea) pode ser uma alternativa frente ao alto valor agregado do feno de alfafa, pois é uma leguminosa que normalmente apresenta valor nutritivo superior ao da maioria das leguminosas arbustivas e contém apenas vestígios de taninos. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o valor nutricional de dietas formuladas com folhas, cada uma contendo três folíolos com suas respectivas hastes (pecíolos) de Cratylia argentea na alimentação de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 28 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (14 por tratamento) com 55 dias de idade, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, sendo avaliadas duas dietas. A dieta referência foi formulada para atender às exigências dos animais e a dieta teste foi obtida substituindo-se 20% da ração referência pela farinha do feno de Cratylia argentea. O período experimental compreendeu 11 dias, sendo sete dias de adaptação e de quatro dias de coleta total das fezes, por unidade experimental. Os resultados de desempenho (ganho de peso médio diário, consumo de ração diário, conversão alimentar e peso final) não foram influenciados pela adição do feno das folhas da cratília. O coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca foi melhor no grupo controle. O grupo controle apresentou maior consumo de proteína bruta, no entanto, o grupo que se alimentou da cratília apresentou maior excreção de proteína bruta nas fezes e menor porcentagem de proteína bruta retida. A Cratylia argentea apresenta valores de 1.400,67 kcal/kg de MS de energia digestível e 3,34% de proteína digestível/kg de MS.