The focus of this diploma thesis is to describe the position of ex-prisoners on the labour market and how their operations on that market influence the society. In this paper, I will be looking into the social and state budget costs that these people cause, and why we can consider them as another vulnerable group on the labour market. The factors that lower their chances to succeed are lower productivity, level of education, and also statistical discrimination by employers that leads to demanding expectations on possessing a clean record. I will also focus my attention to the solutions that are currently in place in the Czech Republic, as success on the labour market is an important element to lowering the relapse rate. In the Czech Republic, the relapse rate is between 60 to 65 percent, which is lot higher than in other countries that have been trying to solve this problem for a longer period of time. This thesis confirms the hypothesis that this problem in the Czech Republic is not being treated on the same level as in other countries, and therefore we could learn and apply other solutions from abroad. Half-way houses have proven to be an effective solution and it would be good to put them into practice in Czech Republic as well.

Orientador: Cesar Cabello dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feijo_LuizFernandoAndrade_M.pdf: 3050164 bytes, checksum: 672560c57474869fce1041591b88e14b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar as taxas de recidiva local após o tratamento cirúrgico conservador de câncer de mama em mulheres submetidas à radioterapia complementar sem reforço. Pacientes e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte reconstituído com 128 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama estádios I e 11,que foram tratadas com cirurgia conservadora e radioterapia sem reforço, no período de janeiro de 1989 a dezembrode 1996, no Setor de Mastologia do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) da Universidade Estadualde Campinas (UNICAMP).A cirurgia da mama foi a quadrantectomiacom axilectomia,seguida de radioterapiacom 25 frações diárias de 2Gy ou 1,8Gy, cinco dias por semana. As pacientes receberam dose total de 50 ou 45Gy, respectivamente. Foi considerada recidiva local a presença de carcinoma (invasivo ou ductal in situ), confirmado através de exame anátomo-patológico, na mama tratada em qualquer momento do período de seguimento. As pacientes foram estudadas segundo os seguintes critérios: faixa etária, tamanho do tumor, presença de gânglios linfáticos axilares comprometidos e intervalo entre a data da cirurgia e a data do início da radioterapia. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando Curvas de Kaplan Meyer para apresentar as taxas de recidivas locais e os testes de Log Rank, Wilcoxon e razão de risco para avaliar a relação entre os valores de recidiva local e as variáveis: faixa etária, tamanho do tumor, gânglios linfáticos comprometidos e intervalo entre a data da cirurgia e a data do início da radioterapia. Foi também realizada uma análise multivariada para avalia a independênciae a associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a recidiva local. Resultados: A taxa de recidiva local na população geral foi de 28% em 12 anos de seguimento. As pacientes com idade abaixo de 35 anos apresentaram risco de recidiva local três vezes maior do que as com idade acima de 35. Esses valores encontraram-seno limite da significância (p=0,05); (HR=3,0; 95%IC=1,0 - 9,0).Os tumores com tamanho maior de dois centímetros apresentaram risco de recidiva local três vezes maior do que os tumores menores. Esses valores também se encontraram no limite da significância (p=0,05); (HR=3,0; 95%IC=1,0 - 9,0).As taxas de recidivas locais não se associaram ao estado dos gânglios linfáticos axilares (p=0,09); (HR=1,9; 95%IC=0,8-4,9),assim como não se associaram ao intervalo entre a data da cirurgia e a data do início da radioterapia (p=0,5); (HR=0,9; 95%IC=0,3-2,8).Segundo a análise multivariada,a idade abaixo de 35 anos foi a que apresentou a maior associação às recidivas locais (HR=5,0; 95%IC=1,6-18), seguida dos tumores maiores de dois centímetros (HR= 4,0 - IC= 1,2 - 14). Conclusão:As pacientes tratadas de forma conservadora por câncer de mama e submetidas à radioterapia complementar com dose de 45 ou 50GY sem reforço apresentaram 28% de recidivas locais após 12 anos. Essa taxa foi mais elevada do que as observadasem outros estudos que utilizaram radioterapia com reforço.As com idade abaixo de 35 anos, bem como as portadoras de tumores maiores de dois centímetros, associaram-se a um maior risco de recidivas locais. Esses dados sugerem que essa forma de radioterapia seja insuficiente para o tratamento local dessas mulheres, principalmente nos casos de pacientes com idade inferior a 35 anos ou com tumores maiores de dois centímetros / Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate local recurrence rates after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer treatment in women undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy without a boost. Patients and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 128 patients diagnosed with stages I and 11breast cancer, who were treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy without a boost dose in the Division of Senology at the Women's Integral Health Care Center (CAISM) of the Campinas State University (Unicamp) from January 1989 to December 1996. The type of breast surgery was quadrantectomy with axillary Iymph node dissection, followed by radiotherapy delivered in 25 daily fractions of 2 Gy or 1.8 Gy, tive days a week. The patients received a total radiation dose of 50 or 45 Gy, respectively. Local recurrence was defined as the presence of carcinoma (invasive or ductal in situ) in the treated breast, confirmed by histopathologic exam, at any given time during the follow-up period. The patients were studied according to the following criteria: age range, tumor size, presence of involved axillary Iymph nodes and the interval between the date of surgery and the date when radiotherapy began. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan Meyer curves to show local recurrence rates. The log-rank test, the Wilcoxon test and risk ratio were used to evaluate the relationship between local recurrence values and variables, e.g. age range, tumor size, Iymph node involvement and the interval between date of surgery and date when radiotherapy began. Multivariate analysis was also performed to evaluate independence and the association between the variables studied and local recurrence. Results: The local recurrence rate was 28% in the general population at twelve years of follow-up. Patients under 35 years had three times more risk of developing local recurrence than those older than 35 years. These values were found within the significance limit (p=0.05); (HR=3.0; 95%CI=1.0 - 9.0). Women with tumors larger than 2 centimeters had three times more risk of developing local recurrence than those with smaller tumors. These values were also found within the significance limit (p=0.05);(HR=3.0; 95%CI=1.0 - 9.0). Local recurrence rates were neither associated with axillary Iymph node status (p=0.09); (HR=1.9; 95%CI=0.8-4.9), nor with the interval between the date of surgery and the date when radiotherapy began (p=0.5); (HR=0.9; 95%CI=0.3- 2.8). According to multivariate analysis, age under 35 years was most strongly associated with local recurrences (HR=5.0; 95%CI=1.6-18), followed by tumors larger than 2 centimeters (HR= 4.0; 95%CI= 1.2 - 14). Conclusion: Patients treated conservatively for breast cancer and undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy in doses of 45 or 50 Gy without a boost had local recurrence rates of 28% afier 12 years. This rate was higher than those observed in other studies using radiotherapy with a boost. Age under 35 years and tumors larger than 2 centimeters were associated with a higher risk of local recurrences. Our data suggest that this type of radiotherapy was insufficient for the local treatment of these women, especially patients under 35 years of age or those with tumors larger than two centimete / Mestrado / Tocoginecologia / Tocoginecologia

Submitted by Alexandra Feitosa (alexandra.feitosa@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-28T13:51:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-tese-MárciaLimaAzevêdoMonteiro.pdf: 2593426 bytes, checksum: 4073622fec482cc2aad1b18cda61eef6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T13:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-tese-MárciaLimaAzevêdoMonteiro.pdf: 2593426 bytes, checksum: 4073622fec482cc2aad1b18cda61eef6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15 / Monteiro MLA. Comportamento biológico dos meningiomas: um estudo de 868 casos. [Tese de Doutorado]. Recife: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2011.Introdução:Meningiomas são neoplasias, em sua maioria, de apresentação benigna. Podem, no entanto,apresentar recidiva mesmo após remoção radical. A caracterização de meningiomas e o conhecimento de fatores relacionados à recidiva é imprescindível, devido a sua prevalência, importância clínica e às possibilidades de cura através de remoção cirúrgica. Objetivos:Caracterizar meningiomas do ponto de vista clínico-patológico e de fatores relacionados a seu tratamento cirúrgico e contribuir para o conhecimento de seu comportamento biológico; determinar a prevalência de recidiva demeningiomas e verificar a influência de determinados fatores sobre a recidiva.Material e Métodos:Foram analisados 868 casos de pacientes submetidos à remoção cirúrgica de meningiomas no Hospital Nordstadt, Hannover, Alemanha, de 1978 a 1994, para gênero, distribuição etária, associação a neurofibromatose, multiplicidade, tipo e grau histológico, localização, características de crescimento do tumor e recidiva. Para análise dos resultados foram obtidas distribuições de frequências, teste 2de igualdade de proporções ao nível de 5,0% e intervalo de confiança de 95,0% para a prevalência de recidiva. Resultados:A idade dos pacientes variou de 7 a 85 anos, média e desvio padrão de 53,46 e 13,89 anos, respectivamente. Da 5aà 7adécadas, concentraram-se 71,7% dos pacientes. A distribuição por gênero foi de 74,0% femininos e 26,0% masculinos. Meningiomas clássicos representaram 94,2% do total; atípicos, 3,8%; e anaplásicos, 1,9%. Em 824 casos, 89,1% eram intracranianos (65,9% basais); 8,5%, espinhais; e 2,4%, crânio-cervicais. A ocorrência associada a neurofibromatose foi de 4,9%; e a multiplicidade, de 6,7%. Aos tumores globoides (84,6%), seguiram-os em placa (6,7%) e os intraósseos (2,4%). Cápsula foi observada em 74,5% dos casos. A remoção foi total em 79,6%. A prevalência de recidivas foi de 16.9% (14,2% a 19,5%) com 95,0% de confiança. O tempo médio entre as recidivas tendeu a diminuir: de 5,68 anos entre a 1aremoção e 1arecidiva para 0,90 anos entre a 3ae a 4arecidivas.Em 785 casos, o percentual de recidiva foi de 2,7% em dois anos; 7,2% em 5 anos; 13,1% em 10 anos; 16,3% em 15 e 16,9% em 20 anos. O percentual de recorrência foi mais elevado no gênero masculino (22,1% x 15,1%); aumentou nas 4 primeiras décadas de vida e decresceu da 5aà 9adécadas; foi menor entre os pacientes acima de 65 anos (3,0% x 20,5%); mais elevado entre os de grau III (71,4%), seguido do grau II (51,7%) e do grau I (15,1%). Percentuais mais elevados de recidiva foram encontrados entre tumores removidos parcialmente (32,7% x 11,5%); entre pacientes portadores de neurofibromatose (38,5% x 15,7%); dentre os múltiplos (34,6% x 15,5%); na presença de infiltração dural (19,6% x 13,1%), óssea (23,6% x 12,9%) e muscular (57,9% x 15,8%); e entre os não capsulados (20,7% x 8,2%). A associação da recidiva foi significativa com gênero, faixa etária, tipo e grau histológico, extensão da remoção, neurofibromatose, multiplicidade, tipo de crescimento, infiltração dural, óssea ou muscular e presença de cápsula com valores de P=0,022 para gênero, P= 0,017 para infiltração dural e P<0,001 para as demais variáveis. Para outras variáveis analisadas não se comprovou associação significativa com a recidiva. Conclusão: Dos resultados se conclui que osmeningiomas são mais frequentes em mulheres, entre a 5ae a 7a décadas de vida; a maioria é do tipo clássico, grau I, globóide, capsulada; a localização intracraniana é cerca de 10 vezes mais frequente que a espinhal; a base do crânio é uma localização frequente; a remoção total é possível para a maioria dos casos; um percentual considerável recidivou, 16,9% e a taxa de recidiva aumentou com o tempo de seguimento. A recidiva é influenciada por gênero, faixa etária, tipo e grau histológico, extensão da remoção, neurofibromatose, multiplicidade, tipo de crescimento, infiltração dural, óssea ou muscular e presença de cápsula. / Monteiro MLA. Studyonthe biological behaviorof meningiomas, an analisis of 868 cases.[PhD Thesis]. Recife. Pernambuco. Brazil:Federal University of Pernambuco; 2011.Introduction:Meningiomas are neoplasias of benign presentation in their majority. However, they can present relapse even after radical removal.The characterization of this neoplasms and knowledge of the factors relating to the surgical treatment and the search for factors related to recurrence of meningiomas is imperative, due to its prevalence, clinical importance and possibility for cure. Objective:To characterize meningiomas from a clinical-pathological point of view and the factors relating to its surgical treatment and to contribute to knowledge of its biological behavior; to determine the prevalence of relapse in meningiomas and to verify the influence of certain factors in relapse.Material and Methods:868 cases of patients subjected to the surgical removal of meningiomas at Nordstadt Hospital, Hanover, Germany, between 1978 and 1994 were analyzed for gender, age distribution, association with neurofibromatosis, multiplicity, histological type and degree, location, tumor growth characteristics and relapse. For analysis of the results, frequency distributions, c2proportional equivalence test at a level of 5.0% with a confidence interval of 95.0% for the prevalence of relapse were obtained. Results: Patient age varied from 7 to 85 years, an average and standard deviation of 53.46 and 13.89 years, respectively. 71.7% of the patients were concentrated in the 50-70 age group. Gender distribution was 74.0% female and 26.0% male. Classic meningiomas represented 94.2% of the total; atypical, 3.8%; and anaplasic, 1.9%. Of 824 cases, 89.1% were intracranial (65.9%, basal); 8.5%, spinal; and 2.4%, cranial-cervical. Association with neurofibromatosis was 4.9%; and multiplicity, 6.7%. Globoid tumors (84.6%) were followed by those en placa(6.7%) and intraosseous (2.4%). Capsulation was observed in 74.5% of the cases. Removal was total in 79.6%. The prevalence of relapse was 16.9% (14.2% to 19.5%) at 95.0% confidence. The average time between relapses tended to decrease: from 5.68 years between the first removal and the first relapse to 0.90 years between the third and fourth relapses. . In 785 cases, the percentage of relapses was 2.7% within two years; 7.2% within 5 years; 13.1% within 10 years; 16.3% within 15 years and 16.9% within 20 years. The percentage for relapse was higher in the male gender (22.1% x 15.1%); increasing in the first four decades of life and decreasing in the fifth to ninth decades; it was lower in patients over 65 years of age (3.0% x 20.5%); higher in those of degree III (71.4%), following by degree II (51.7%) and by degree I (15.1%). A higher percentage of relapse was found in partially removed tumors (32.7% x 11.5%); in patients with neurofibromatosis (38.5% x 15.7%); in multiples (34.6% x 15.5%); in the presence of dural infiltration (19.6% x 13.1%), bone (23.6% x 12.9%) and muscular (57.0% x 15.8%); and in non-encapsulated (20.7% x 8.2%). The association of relapse was significant with respect to gender, age group, histological type and degree, extent of removal, neurofibromatosis, multiplicity, growth type, dural, bone or muscular infiltration and capsule presence with values of P=0.022 for gender, P=0.017 for dural infiltration and P<0.001 for the other variables. For the other variables analyzed, there was no significant correlation to relapse. Conclusion:From the results, it is concluded that meningiomas are more frequent in women, between 50 and 70 years of age; most are classic in type, degree I, globoid, capsulated; an intracranial is about 10 times more common than a spinal location; the base of the skull is a common location; totalremoval is possible in most cases; a considerable percentage relapsed 16.9% and the recurrence rate increased with time of follow up . The association of relapse was significant with respect to gender, age group, histological type and degree, extent of removal, neurofibromatosis, multiplicity, growth type, dural, bone or muscular infiltration and capsule presence.

Orientador: Carmen Silvia Bertuzzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T01:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vencatto_RobyWill_M.pdf: 2327467 bytes, checksum: 906caea2ae7f9182396080360689d4a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O câncer de mama é classificado mundialmente, como o segundo tipo de câncer mais frequente e comum entre as mulheres e tem natureza multifatorial. O tratamento sistêmico do câncer é denominado quimioterapia antineoplásica, e o seu efeito terapêutico depende da concentração plasmática e tempo de exposição à droga. A resposta aos medicamentos possui variação entre os pacientes, podendo decorrer de fatores como: outras patologias, farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica diferenciadas, fatores ambientais e genéticos, sendo este último, estudado na farmacogenética e farmacogenômica, onde se verifica a resposta ao tratamento pela variação herdada de cada indivíduo. Em determinadas populações, polimorfismos podem levar a respostas diferenciadas de um medicamento por induzir peculiaridades na genética, farmacocinética ou farmacodinâmica. Em muitos medicamentos em uso, os transportadores de drogas são importantes na questão de absorção, acumulação no tecido e eliminação do organismo. O gene 'ABCB1' codifica a glicoproteína-P que é um transportador de membrana, responsável pelo efluxo celular de uma variedade de drogas, xenobióticos, metabólitos celulares e agentes anticancerígenos, estruturalmente independentes. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se os polimorfismos C1236T e G2677T/A do gene 'ABCB1', possuem associação com a resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico. Foi realizado estudo com 146 pacientes do sexo feminino, que usaram os quimioterápicos doxorrubicina e ciclofosfamida de forma adjuvante, independente se fizeram quimioterapia neoadjuvante. A presença de recidiva foi utilizada como parâmetro de avaliação do tratamento. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos foi feita por reação da polimerase em cadeia alelo específica. As análises de sobrevivência livre da doença e global foram realizadas pelo software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) vs20.0 e as demais avaliações no SAS (StatisticalAnalysis Software) vs 9.3. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Breast cancer is classified worldwide as the second most frequent and common cancer among women and has a multifactorial nature. The systemic treatment of the cancer is called chemotherapy, and its therapeutic effect depends on the plasma concentration and length of exposure to the drug. The drug response varies among patients and may be the result of many things, such as: other diseases, different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, environmental and genetic factors. Genetic factors are studied in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, which verify the response to the treatment through the inherited variation of each individual. In some populations, polymorphisms can lead to different responses to a drug by inducing peculiarities on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. In many drugs in use, the drug carriers are important in terms of absorption, accumulation in tissue and elimination from the body. The 'ABCB1' gene, which encodes the P-glycoprotein that is a membrane transporter, responsible for the cellular efflux of a variety of drugs, xenobiotics, cellular metabolites and anticancer agents, structurally independent. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether the C1236T and G2677T/A of the 'ABCB1' genes could be associated with the response to chemotherapy. The study featured 146 female patients who used doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide adjuvantly, independent of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relapse was used as a parameter of association to the treatment. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by polymerase in specific allele chain reaction. The free and global survival analysis, was performed by the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software vs 20.0. Other statistical tests were performed by SAS (Statistical Analysis Software) vs 9.3.... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertation / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Antônio José Maria Cataneo / Resumo: Introdução: No melanoma primário, a aplicabilidade da biópsia de linfonodo sentinela (BLS), seguida ou não de esvazimento linfonodal (EL) é conhecida. Na recidiva locorregional (RL) de melanoma, alguns serviços tendem a indicá-la, buscando estadiamento mais acurado para embasar condutas individualizadas aos pacientes, ainda que as evidências sejam insuficientes. Objetivo: Avaliar o sucesso da BLS no encontro do linfonodo sentinela (LNS) e sua positividade na RL. Comparar a sobrevida entre os pacientes com LNS positivo e negativo. Verificar diferença na sobrevida pós EL. Métodos: Revisão sistemática, através das bases MEDLINE via PUBMED, LILACS, SCOPUS, EMBASE e CENTRAL, buscando estudos experimentais e observacionais sobre BLS na RL de melanoma. Desfechos avaliados: sucesso na BLS pelo encontro do LNS, positividade para melanoma no LNS; sobrevida no subgrupo LNS positivo comparado com o negativo; sobrevida livre de doença no subgrupo LNS positivo comparada com o negativo; sobrevida dos pacientes submetidos ao EL. Para metanálises, utilizaram-se RevMan 5.3 e StatsDirect 3.0.121. Resultados: Foram identificados 1872 estudos, destes, seis estudos observacionais foram incluídos, totalizando 449 pacientes. O LNS foi encontrado em 98% das BLS (IC 95-100%, I2=53,7% - seis estudos). LNS com 32% de positividade para melanoma (IC 19-47%, I2= 84,6% - seis estudos). A chance de sobrevida global em cinco anos foi 2,49 vezes maior no subgrupo com LNS negativo (IC 95% 1,41-4,38, I2=0% - qua... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: In primary melanoma, the applicability of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLB), followed or not by complete lymph node dissection (CLND) is known. In locoregional recurrence (LR) of melanoma, some groups may indicate it for more accurate staging to support individualized management, even with scarce evidence. Objective: To evaluate success in SLB and its positivity in LR. Compare survival between patients with positive and negative sentinel lymph node (SLN). Check for survival modification after CLND. Methods: Systematic review through databases such as MEDLINE via PUBMED, LILACS, SCOPUS, EMBASE and CENTRAL, searching for experimental and observational studies on SLB in melanoma LR. Outcomes assessed: success in SLB by finding the SLN, positivity for melanoma in the SLN; survival in the positive SLN subgroup compared to the negative one; disease-free survival in the positive versus negative SLN subgroup; survival of patients undergoing CLND. For meta-analyzes, RevMan 5.3 and StatsDirect 3.0.121 were used. Results: The total number of patients in six observational studies was 449, over 1872 studies indentified. The SNL was found in 98% of SLB (95-100% CI, I2 = 53.7%, 6 studies). SLB detected 32% positivity for melanoma on SNL (CI 19-47%, I2 = 84.6%, 6 studies). The chance of five year overall survival was 2,49 higher in the negative SNL subgroup (95% CI 1.41-4.38, I2 = 0%, 4 studies). Meta-analyzes were not performed due to lack of objective data for disease-free survi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Resocialization of individuals based on the execution of a sentence is a very demanding process, which is not always successful. It is influenced by number of factors, such as personality, physical and mental condition, or family background. We, as social workers, must make a huge effort to strive for successful resocialization. We cannot influence the above-mentioned factors, but we should make great efforts to motivate the client, and employment with education can help us to do so. Firstly, prison was mentioned in the history, then individual terms were introduced, the Prison Service of the Czech Republic was described, the consequences of staying in prison was mentioned, the issue of resocialization of offenders from excluded localities was summarised and drug-free zones in prisons and treatment programs were described. The chapter on employment summarized this issue, current figures, specific examples and future plans of the Prison Service. The chapter on education introduced formal and non-formal education, educational opportunities for convicts, educational activities of non-governmental non-profit organizations and the educational function of clergy. In the practical part, a questionnaire survey was conducted with professional staff of the Prison Service. Respondents stated that employment...

The crime of theft according to section 205 of Czech Criminal Code This diploma thesis focuses on crime of theft according to section 205 of the Act No. 40/2009 Coll. Criminal code. Crime of theft is the most committed crime out of them all. It is therefore possible to think that one of the causes of such a high frequency may be its inadequate regulation in the Criminal Code. For this reason, the aim of thesis was to describe and evaluate its development and propose possible changes. Thesis also includes a comparison with the foreign regulation and extensive work with the judicial case law, which significantly contributed to the completion of the individual qualified crime elements Thesis is divided into five chapters and many subchapters. The introductory chapter is devoted to the inclusion of theft into the system of property crimes. In the following section are mentioned earlier opinions on the protection of property as such and how ownership is protected today. The second chapter describes, evaluates and compares the historical development of the legal regulation of the theft with the current regulation, especially in the Czech territory. This chapter discusses how different the perception of the property protection was and over the period has been. Also, next part in this chapter is devoted to...

Criminological Aspects of Crime Recidivism The Diploma Thesis Bc. Petra Urbánková Abstract The main goal of the Diploma Thesis "Criminological Aspects of Crime Recidivism" is analysing recidivism, which is considered to be one of the most important criminal factors. We can analyse recidivism based on the criminal law, penology, criminal statistics and mainly criminology. The Criminological aspect is the widest one, because it focuses on the all crimes committed by the offender, not only those crimes which were investigated by Police or the prosecutors. We will also theoretically describe all statistic sources where the recidivism has been recorded, but mainly we will analyse practically the statistical data of The Prison Service of the Czech Republic and the data of the Police of the Czech Republic where we could find out the actual rate of recidivism in the Czech Republic. The data of the Prison Service contain mainly the offenders which are imprisoned repeatedly for more than once. The data of Police are focused on type of crimes which have the highest rate of recidivism and whose are committed repeatedly by the offenders. This thesis also tries to analyse recidivism based on the historical development of the Czech legislation on recidivism starting since 1918 till nowadays. This thesis also tries to...

El cáncer de laringe sigue teniendo alta incidencia en nuestro medio a pesar de las medidas de salud pública que se han tomado en los últimos 10 años que han promovido la reducción del consumo de tabaco, factor causal conocido de múltiples tumores de entre ellos los del ámbito otorrinolaringológico. El hecho de que un paciente presente un factor pronóstico para una enfermedad aumenta la probabilidad de muerte y recidiva de dicha enfermedad. Proponemos la creación y desarrollo de un modelo pronóstico de recidiva y mortalidad para cáncer glótico a los 5 años, cuyas variables principales sean tiempo hasta la muerte o tiempo hasta la recidiva. Y otras secundarias: el estadio, la histología del tumor, el consumo de tabaco o alcohol y el tratamiento recibido. Para ello realizaremos un estudio de cohortes recogiendo todos los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer glótico entre los años 2004 y 2014 en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Se construirá un modelo de regresión de Cox y se adaptará a un sistema de puntos. El modelo será validado internamente por bootstrapping y se determinará el estadístico C, realizando una calibración de tal forma que las probabilidades observadas sean similares a las esperadas. Todo esto se integrará en una aplicación móvil del sistema de puntos para facilitar el manejo de la misma en la práctica clínica. Con los resultados obtenidos se conocerá el pronóstico de mortalidad y recidiva de los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer glótico a los 5 años, dato que podrá ayudar y reforzar una decisión terapéutica de las propuestas en las guías clínicas oncológicas internacionales usadas en la actualidad.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-09T14:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1648 bytes, checksum: e095249ac7cacefbfe39684dfe45e706 (MD5) 000239.pdf: 1746615 bytes, checksum: b1538d716409c5efb4a08da0bc08f73d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Objetivo: avaliar a evolução clínica, morbidade e mortalidade de crianças e adolescentes portadores de cardiopatia reumática em acompanhamento ambulatorial num centro terciário. Material e Métodos: estudo descritivo observacional longitudinal de base hospitalar. Foi realizada análise de prontuários de pacientes com 3-18 anos, acompanhados por no mínimo 2 anos no ambulatório do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia no Rio de Janeiro. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelos critérios de Jones e/ou exame ecocardiográfico com lesão reumática típica mitral e/ou aórtica. Banco de dados foi elaborado com o programa ACCESS 2000, e a análise estatística realizada com o programa EPI-INFO 2000. Foi considerado significativo o valor de α- 0,05. Resultados:139 prontuários foram incluídos no estudo. A mediana da idade no início do seguimento foi de 11 anos, 52,6% eram do sexo feminino. Quanto à forma de apresentação clínica 45,3% estavam no primeiro surto, 14,4% em recidiva e 40,3% na fase crônica. A mediana de idade dos pacientes crônicos e em recidiva era superior aos pacientes do primeiro surto de febre reumática (p-0,0001). O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 9,9 anos (2-21 anos). A lesão valvar predominante foi a insuficiência mitral (82,7%), seguida da insuficiência aórtica (55,9%) e da insuficiência mitro-aórtica em 45,3% dos casos. Houve redução importante dos percentuais de lesões valvares graves - tanto mitrais como aórticas - ao final do seguimento.Recidivas foram evidenciadas em 32,3%. Pacientes com profilaxia irregular ou sem profilaxia apresentaram a média do número total de surtos (2,4 surtos por paciente) superior a do grupo em profilaxia regular (1,4 surtos por paciente), com diferença entre os grupos estatisticamente significante (p-0,0009).A mortalidade foi de 4,3% (n=6) Todos os pacientes que evoluíram para óbito eram portadores de próteses valvares. O abandono de tratamento foi de 10,8%, sendo que 1,4% desses pacienteseram portadores de próteses mecânicas (n-=2). Procedimentos intervencionistas foram realizados em 45,3% dos pacientes - valvuloplastia por cateter balão em 2,9% e cirurgia cardíaca valvar em 42,4%. Reoperação foi necessária em 8,6% (2ª cirurgia) e 2,8% (3ª cirurgia). O procedimento mais realizado foi o implante de prótese mecânica mitral (31,3%), seguido por prótese mecânica aórtica (20,9%) e plastia mitral (18,6%). A endocardite infecciosa foi evidenciada em 8,6%, sendo a endocardite de prótese em 3,6%, responsável por 50% da mortalidade desta amostra, com letalidade de 25%. Outrascausas de mortalidade incluíram estenose grave de prótese biológica (n=1), estenose grave de prótese mecânica (n=1) e trombose de prótese biológica (n=1). / Objective: to investigate the outcome, mortality and morbidity of children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease followed up in an outpatient care unit of a terciarie center. Methods– descriptive longitudinal observational study of an hospitalar based population. Medical file of patients – 3 to18 years old - with rheumatic heart disease, followed-up for at least 2 years from in the outpatient care unit of the National Cardiology Institute (InstitutoNacional de Cardiologia) in Rio de Janeiro were reviewed. Diagnosis were confirmed through medical file register of the revised Jones criteria for rheumatic fever and/or Doppler echocardiographic report of typical chronic mitral or aortic lesions. Database program ACCESS 2000, statistical analysis was performed using EPI-INFO 2000 software, with significant αvalue 0,05. Results–139 medical files were reviewed. Median age at the first visit to the service was 11 years, 52,5% were female. At the first exam, 45,3% presented with acute rheumatic fever- first attack, 14,4% recurrence; while 40,3% had chronic valvular lesions. Median age of the chronic and recurrent group was greater than median age of the first attack group (p-0,0001). Mean follow-up time was 9,9 years (2 to 21 years). Mitral regurgitation was the most common valvular lesion (82,7%), followed by aortic regurgitation (55,9%) and combined mitral and aortic regurgitation (45,3%). There was a significant percent decrease in severe valvular lesions - both mitral and aortic – at the end of follow-up period. Recurrences were present in 32,3% of cases. There was a significant difference (p-0,0009) between the mean rate of the total number of attacks of patients under irregular or no prophylaxis (2,4 attacks / patient) compared with patients under regular prophylaxis (1,4 attacks / patient). Mortality rate were 4,3% (n=6). All these patients that died had prosthesis. 10,8% were lost of follow-up - 1,4% of these patients had mechanical prostheses (n=2). 45,4% underwent valve procedures: 2,9% balloon dilatation and 42,4% valve surgery. Reoperation wererequired by 8,6% (2 nd surgery) and rereoperation by 2,8% (3 rd surgery). The most common surgical procedure was mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesesimplantation (31,3%), followed by aortic valve replacement with mechanical prostheses implantation (20,9%) and mitral valve repair (18,6%). A total of 8,6% presented with endocarditis - 3,6% had prosthetic valve endocarditis, that accounted for 50% mortality of this group, and for a letality rate of 25%.Another causes of death included severe bioprosthesis stenosis (n=1), severe mechanical prosthesis stenosis (n=1) and bioprosthesis valve trombosis (n=1).