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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

The Repeatability of Peripheral Axial Length Measurements

Noble, Andrew G. 19 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
92

Controle estatístico de qualidade aplicado a ensaios de material de irrigação / Statistical quality control applied to irrigation materials testing

Rocha, Hermes Soares da 30 November 2016 (has links)
Os ensaios laboratoriais para avaliação técnica ou estudo de material de irrigação envolvem a medição de diversas grandezas, bem como o monitoramento e controle das condições de ensaio. Qualquer sistema de medição e controle naturalmente apresenta instabilidades que podem afetar a qualidade dos resultados de ensaio, implicando em aumento da incerteza no processo de medição. A implementação do Controle Estatístico de Qualidade pode ser promissora para detecção de causas externas de variação, avaliação da variação máxima permitida aos dados de um processo e discriminação das principais componentes de variabilidade de um sistema de medição. Nesse sentido, considerando a hipótese de possibilidade de aprimoramento da qualidade dos resultados de ensaios, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo utilizar técnicas de controle estatístico de qualidade e análise de sistemas de medição para avaliar o grau de adequação de bancadas de ensaio de emissores de microirrigação, aperfeiçoar os sistemas de medição e controle adotados nas bancadas e diagnosticar a porcentagem de contribuição dos fatores inerentes aos sistemas de medição e controle na variabilidade total das medidas de vazão em ensaios de uniformidade. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Ensaios de Material de Irrigação (LEMI/INCTEI/ ESALQ/USP). Foram elaborados gráficos de controle de Shewhart, média móvel exponencialmente ponderada (MMEP), além de índices de capacidade para o processo de medição da pressão de ensaio, monitoramento de temperatura da água e vazão, consideradas como as variáveis características da qualidade para ensaios de determinação das curvas de vazão em função da pressão de entrada e uniformidade de vazão de emissores de microaspersão e gotejamento. Além disso, realizou-se estudo de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade (Gage RR) do sistema de medição da vazão, para o qual foram utilizadas 10 repetições, sob três turnos de trabalho (manhã, tarde e noite), com 13 emissores na bancada de microaspersão e 25 emissores na bancada de gotejamento. Não houve influência do turno de trabalho nas medidas de vazão obtidas e o aprimoramento do processo de ajuste da pressão de ensaio pela implantação de um controlador proporcional integrativo-derivativo (PID) ao ensaio de microaspersores foi suficientemente detectado pela aplicação dos gráficos de controle. A pressão e temperatura da água se mantiveram estáveis durante cada ensaio, e não foram identificadas causas não aleatórias de variabilidade na rotina de ensaios. O processo de controle e medição da pressão, para as duas bancadas, foi classificado como\"excelente\" quanto ao desempenho e capacidade de se manter entre os limites de especificação e centralização em relação ao valor de referência (alvo desejado). Como esperado, a variabilidade entre emissores foi a componente de maior contribuição na variância total da vazão, correspondendo a 95,47% e 96,77% para microaspersão e gotejamento, respectivamente. A repetitividade e reprodutibilidade do sistema de medição de vazão (Gage RR) foi \"aceitável\" para as duas bancadas, com as respectivas contribuições de 4,53% e 3,23%, em relação à variância total, associados às incertezas do Gage RR. / Laboratory tests for technical evaluation or irrigation material testing involve the measurement of various greatnesses, as well as monitoring and control of test conditions. Any measurement and control system naturally presents instabilities that can affect the quality of the test results, resulting in increased measurement uncertainty. The implementation of the Statistical Quality Control may be promising for detecting causes of variation non-random, evaluation of the tolerance permitted to data of the process and breakdown of the main variability components of a measuring system. In this sense, considering the hypothesis of possibility of improving the quality of test results, the present study aimed at using statistical quality control techniques and measurement systems analysis to assess the reliability of test benches of microirrigation emitters, improve measurement and control systems adopted in the benches and to diagnose percentage of contribution of the factors inherent in the measurement and control systems in the total variability of flow measurements on uniformity tests. The research was carried in Laboratório de Ensaios de Material de Irrigação (LEMI/INCTEI/ ESALQ/USP). Shewhart control charts were developed, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and capability index for the process of measuring the test pressure, temperature monitoring of water and flow, regarded as the quality variables for determination the flow curves as a function of inlet pressure and uniformity of flow for microsprinkler emitters and drip. In addition, it was made study of repeatability and reproducibility (Gage RR) of flow measurement system for which were used 10 repetitions in three work shifts (morning, afternoon and evening), with 13 emitters in the microsprinkler\'s bench and 25 emitters in the drip bench. There wasn\'t influence of the work shift in the obtained measures for flow and the improvement of the adjustment process of the test pressure for the implementation of the integrative-derivative proportional controller (PID) to microsprinklers test was sufficiently detected by control charts. The pressure and water of temperature remained stable during the tests and weren\'t identified non-random causes of variability in routine tests. The process control and measurement of pressure was classified \"excellent\" to performance and capability to remain in the range of specification and centralization in relation to the reference value (desired target), to the two benches. As expected, the variability between emitters was the greater contribution component in the total variance of flow, corresponding to 95.47% and 96.77% for microsprinkler and drip, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility for flow measurement system (Gage RR) was \"acceptable\" for the two benches, with the contributions respective of 4.53% and 3.23% relative to the total variance, associated with uncertainties of Gage RR.
93

Etude de la variabilité intra-balle des caractéristiques technologiques des fibres de coton produites en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre / Study of the within-bale variability of the technological characteristics of cotton fibers produced in Western and Central Africa

Aboe, Modeste 05 March 2012 (has links)
Grâce aux développements techniques et technologiques des dernières décennies, le commerce international du coton passe graduellement d’un classement manuel et visuel à un classement à base de résultats de mesures instrumentales. Or adopter une technique requiert d’en étudier ses modalités et ses conditions d’utilisation. Aux USA, des études périodiques de variabilité permettent d’assortir ces résultats d’analyse de tolérances commerciales afin de limiter la fréquence des litiges. Adopter en Afrique les règles et les méthodes de mesure des USA exposerait à un risque de litige accru si les conditions de production déterminent un coton de qualité plus variable. Pour la première fois en Afrique, nous avons mené une étude de la variabilité des caractéristiques technologiques des fibres dans huit pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre : Bénin, Burkina-Faso, Cameroun, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Sénégal, Tchad et Togo. Pendant deux saisons de production, nous avons réalisé une expérimentation à trois types de prélèvements de fibres : 1) huit échantillons par balle au sein de 215 balles produites dans 27 usines d’égrenage, 2) un échantillon par balle de 4286 balles constituées en séries de 200 balles consécutives en saison 1 et de 100 balles consécutives en saison 2 dans les mêmes usines, 3) deux échantillons par balle (un en haut et un en bas) sur 817 balles constituées en séries de vingt balles consécutives hebdomadairement dans cinq usines au cours de la saison 2. Ensuite, les échantillons des 5318 balles échantillonnées furent analysés sur une Chaîne de Mesures Instrumentales (CMI) dans un laboratoire respectant les recommandations internationales et les conditions d’ambiance contrôlées. L’analyse statistique des données recueillies a permis d’évaluer le niveau de variabilité de chacune des caractéristiques technologiques étudiées, au sein des balles et entre celles-ci. Une méthode d’échantillonnage et de réalisation des analyses sur CMI est proposée pour réaliser le classement des balles de coton d’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre à partir de résultats précis et répétables respectant les règles commerciales établies au niveau mondial. / Thanks to the technical and technological developments of the last decades, the international cotton trade is moving from a manual and visual classification to one based on instrument results. Now, adopting a technique requires studying its modalities and its conditions of use. In the USA, periodical studies of the variability make it possible to provide trading tolerances together with instrumental test results in order to limit the litigation event frequency. Apply USA rules and measurement methods in Africa would lead to increased litigation risk if production conditions induce more variable cotton quality. For the first time in Africa, we have conducted a study of the variability of the technological characteristics of the fibers in eight countries of Western and Central Africa: Benin, Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, Chad, the Ivory-Coast, Mali, Senegal and Togo. During two seasons of production, we conducted an experiment with three types of fiber sampling: 1) eight samples per bale within 215 bales produced in 27 ginning mills, 2) one sample per bale from 4286 bales organized in lots of 200 consecutive bales during season 1 and of 100 consecutive bales in season 2 in the same ginning mills, 3) two samples per bale (one from the top, one from the bottom) from 817 bales organized in lots of twenty consecutive bales each week in five ginning mills during season 2. Then, samples from the 5318 sampled bales were analysed with Standardized Instruments for Testing Cotton (SITC) in a laboratory which respects international recommendations and required ambient air conditions. The statistical data analysis allowed us to evaluate the level of variability of each of the studied technological characteristics, within the bales and between the bales. A sampling and testing methodology using SITC is being proposed to achieve the classification of the different sorts of cotton produced in Western and Central Africa from precise and repeatable results abidden by the worldwide established trading rules.
94

Saccadic eye movement measurements in the normal eye : investigating the clinical value of a non-invasive eye movement monitoring apparatus

Kavasakali, Maria January 2005 (has links)
Clinicians are becoming increasingly aware of the effect of various pathologies on the characteristics of saccadic eye movements. As such, an efficient and non-invasive means of measuring eye-movement in a clinical environment is of interest to many. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the clinical application of a non-invasive eye movement recording technique as a part of a clinical examination. Eye movements were measured using an IRIS 6500 infrared limbal eye tracker, which we customized for the direct recording of oblique eye movements as well as horizontal and vertical. Firstly, the eye-tracker itself was assessed. Visually normal observers made saccadic eye movements to a 10' stimulus in eight directions of gaze. Primary (ANOVA) and secondary analyses (mean error less than 5%) resulted in acceptance that averaging four measurements would give a representative measurement of saccadic latency, peak velocity, amplitude and duration. Test-retest results indicated that this technique gives statistically (± 1.96*STDEVDifference) repeatable responses. Several factors that could potentially influence clinically based measures of eye-movements were examined. These included, the effect of ageing, viewing distances, dioptric blur and cataract. The results showed that saccadic latency and duration are significantly (p < 0.05) longer in older (60-89 years) observers compared to younger (20-39 years). Peak velocity and amplitude were not significantly affected by the age of the observer. All saccadic parameters (SP) were significantly affected by direction (Chapter 5). The compact nature of this eye movement methodology is obtainable since there is no significant effect on viewing distance (300 cm vs. 49 cm) (Chapter 6). There is also no significant effect of dioptric blur (up to +LOODS) on any of the four SP. In contrast, a higher level of defocus (+3.O ODS) has a larger probability of interfering with the measurements of peak velocity and duration (Chapter 7). Saccadic eye-movements were also recorded whilst normally sighted subjects wore cataract simulation goggles. The results suggested that the presence of dense cataract introduces significant increases in saccadic latencies and durations. No effect was found on the peak velocities and amplitudes. The effect of amblyopia on SP was also investigated in order to examine if this methodology is able to detect normal from abnormal responses (i.e. increased saccadic latencies). This set of data (Chapter9 ) showed that using IRIS 6500, longer than normal latencies may be recorded from the amblyopic eye but no consistent effect was found for the other SP (peak velocity, amplitude, duration). Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate that the IRIS 6500 eye-tracker has many desirable elements (it is non-invasive; comfortable for the observers and gives repeatable and precise results in an acceptable time) that would potentially make it a useful clinical tool as a part of a routine examination.
95

Étude numérique des chargements et de l'hydrodynamique dans des réacteurs pilotes à lits fixes / Numerical study of packing and hydrodynamics in fixed bed pilot reactors

Dorai, Ferdaous 15 January 2015 (has links)
Une étape clé du développement de nouveaux catalyseurs est l'évaluation de leurs performances. Les tests de catalyseurs sont généralement opérés dans des unités pilotes de "petite" taille dont les avantages sont une consommation moindre de réactif et un coût d'opération plus réduit. Les réacteurs d'unité pilote ont des diamètres de l'ordre de 3 à 10 fois la taille des catalyseurs qui sont généralement des sphères ou des cylindres dont la dimension typique est 2 à 3 mm. Des données expérimentales ont mis en évidence des difficultés de répétabilité des résultats sur certains réacteurs très courts. L’objectif de ce travail est de comprendre le lien entre la micro-structure de l’empilement, qui est aléatoire et localement hétérogène, l'hydrodynamique locale et la réactivité dans des réacteurs à lit fixe de petite taille, en vue de définir des critères de conception et des méthodologies de chargement permettant d'obtenir des performances chimiques répétables. La démarche retenue est purement numérique basée sur deux codes développés à IFPEN : Grains3D pour générer numériquement l'empilement et PeliGRIFF pour simuler l'écoulement réactif dans le lit fixe. Une analyse de l'état de l'art sur le sujet donne des informations abondantes sur les lits de particules sphériques, et très peu sur les cylindres, en particulier sur les couplages écoulements et transfert/réaction. En effet, ces travaux ne permettent pas de lier les performances réactives à la structure locale hétérogène de ces empilements. Dans ce travail, la caractérisation globale et locale d'empilements de sphères et de cylindres a permis de confirmer et compléter la littérature sur certains points : porosité au centre décrite de façon approximative par les corrélations, porosité axiale, orientations des cylindres... Des variations sont présentes à l’intérieur des lits de petite taille, variations qui ne s’atténuent pas avec l’augmentation du volume d’étude et qui sont équivalentes d’un chargement à l’autre. L'étude de l'hydrodynamique dans des lits de sphères et de cylindres mono- et polydisperses a également permis de quantifier l'effet de la répétition du chargement sur la perte de pression et les champs de vitesse. Les premiers résultats d'écoulement réactif ont montré que, qualitativement, le champ de concentration dans la particule réactive est sensible à l’écoulement en présence d'une limitation interne au transfert de matière. Ces résultats préliminaires ont permis de définir une méthodologie de travail qui pourra servir pour continuer l'étude. / The evaluation of catalyst performances is needed for their development. Catalytic tests are generally operated in pilot units of "small" size. Their advantages are : the reduction of reactant consumption and the reduction of operating costs. The pilot plant reactors have diameters of about 3 to 10 times the size of the catalyst (mainly spheres and cylinders) and the results obtained should be representative of the same performance of the catalysts in industrial units whose characteristic scale is around 5 meters. Experimental data have shown unacceptable repeatability in some small size reactors. The objective of this work is to understand the link between the local micro-structure of the packed bed, which is random and locally heterogeneous, local hydrodynamics and chemical responses in fixed bed reactors of small size. This study aims to define design criteria, and packing methodologies in order to obtain repeatable results. The approach adopted for this work is essentially based on numerical simulations. Two IFPEN codes are used for this study: Grains3D which is used to generate numerically the packed bed, and PeliGRIFF to simulate the reactive flow within the reactor. Previous works give information on packing, hydrodynamics and reactive flow characterization, mostly on spheres, much less is available on cylinders. However, they do not link local structure to reactive performance of the bed. In our work, geometrical characterization of the randomly packed beds of spheres and cylinders confirm and complete literature on several points: porosity at the centre of the reactor for which the correlations are inaccurate, the effect of bed height on the axial bed porosity, cylinder orientations... Some variations are present within small size beds, variations that are not dampened with an increase of averaging volume, and are similar from one packing to another. Hydrodynamics study carried out in packed beds of spheres and cylinders of different sizes allowed to link the packing local structure to pressure drop and velocity field. Only preliminary simulations have been performed on reactive flow. First qualitative results show an evolution of the concentration field inside pellets with flow in case of internal mass transfer limitations. Continuing these preliminary results will yield to the definition of a methodology that can be used to link local structure to reactive performance in randomly fixed packed bed reactors of small size.
96

Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre o intervalo desmame-cio em fêmeas suínas

Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto [UNESP] 16 February 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_cds_me_jabo.pdf: 286709 bytes, checksum: 5dbd29633c088bfd8c09e91c549a77c3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A seleção baseada em características reprodutivas tem sido muito empregada em programas de melhoramento genético de suíno. Assim, objetivaram-se avaliar os efeitos ambientais e genéticos que influenciam o intervalo desmame-cio (IDC) e verificar sua influência no número de nascidos total (TL), nascidos vivos (NV) e mortos (NM) em fêmeas suínas. Para análise dos efeitos ambientais, utilizaram-se 8.104 dados da 1ª a 6ª ordem de parição, e, para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, apenas as informações do 1º ao 3º IDC, o que resultou em 6.548 observações, que foram analisadas pelo método REML, utilizando-se modelos uni e multicaracterística. Para este último, considerou-se cada IDC (1º, 2º e 3º) como uma característica distinta. Avaliaram-se, também, as correlações genéticas entre o IDC, TL, NM e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP). Para os fatores ambientais, o modelo incluiu como efeitos fixos rebanho, linhagem, ano (AP) e estação (EP) de parto, e as covariáveis idade da porca ao parto (IDPP), TL e duração da lactação (DL). A DL, na forma linear, e a IDPP, na forma quadrática, influenciaram o IDC. Rebanho, AP e EP foram fontes de variação significativas, enquanto TL e linhagem não o foram. Não foi observada influência do IDC sobre TL, NV, nem sobre NM. A herdabilidade estimada para o IDC pelo modelo de repetibilidade foi baixa. As correlações genéticas entre os IDC (1º, 2º e 3º) foram de moderada a baixa magnitude, evidenciando que o modelo multicaracterística é mais indicado para as estimativas de parâmetro genético nessa população. As correlações genéticas entre IDC, TL e NM, assim como IDC e IPP foram favoráveis à seleção. / Selection for reproductive traits has been largely used in swine breeding programs. The aims of this study were to evaluate environmental and genetic effects that affect the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in sows and to assess their influence on litter size (LS), number of live born (LP) and dead born piglets (DP). Data consisting of 8,104 WEI from the 1st to 6th farrowing recorded in two herds were used for environmental analysis, but for estimating the genetic parameters only data from the 1st to 3rd farrowing were used, totalling 6,548 records. Genetic analysis was performed using the REML method with single and multitrait models, where each WEI was considered as a different trait. Genetic correlations among WEI, LS, DP and age at first farrowing (AFF) were also estimated using a multitrait model. For the environmental analysis, the model included as fixed effects the herd, line, and year (YF) and season (SF) of farrowing, and as covariates the sow’s age at farrowing (SAF), LS, and lactation length (LL). The effects were linear for LL and quadratic for SAF. The herd, YF and SF were important sources of variation, whereas LS and line were not significant. There were no effects of WEI on the litter traits (LS, LP and DP). The heritability estimated for WEI was low, and genetic correlations among its different intervals were of moderate to low magnitude, evidencing that a multitrait model was more indicated for estimating the genetic parameters for this trait in this population. The genetic correlations between WEI and LS, DP and AFF would be favourable in a selection.
97

Viabilidade de aplicação da seleção precoce e tamanho de parcelas em testes clonais de Eucalyptus spp

Massaro, Renata Alves Meira [UNESP] 01 December 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 massaro_ram_me_jabo.pdf: 216510 bytes, checksum: 2763687448a6171d058929194d17b2a2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da seleção precoce e tamanho ótimo de parcelas em Eucalyptus spp., foram usados dados de dois testes clonais avaliados quanto ao crescimento em altura (ALT), diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e volume individual de madeira (VOL) aos 25, 50 e 72 meses de idade. O delineamento experimental nos dois testes clonais foi o de blocos casualizados, com 30 tratamentos (clones), seis repetições, sendo um deles com seis plantas por parcelas (teste clonal 1) e o outro com 10 plantas (teste clonal 2). Foram obtidas as estimativas de coeficiente de determinação genotípico e de correlações genotípicas entre os caracteres nas idades juvenis e na idade de rotação. Para verificar a viabilidade da aplicação da seleção precoce foi simulada a seleção de 30% dos clones nas idades juvenis e na idade de rotação, para cada um dos caracteres e idades avaliadas, obtendo-se as estimativas de ganhos com a seleção direta e indireta. Para verificar o tamanho de parcelas, foi utilizado o coeficiente de repetibilidade calculado através dos métodos: Análise de Variância, dos Componentes Principais e o de Análise Estrutural, os dois últimos calculados através da matriz de correlação. Houve diferenças significativas entre os clones avaliados nos dois experimentos para todos os caracteres e idades. Com os resultados obtidos, recomenda-se a seleção precoce sobre DAP praticada em torno de dois anos de idade. O uso de seis repetições constituídas de pelo menos quatro plantas por parcela e a avaliação em apenas uma idade proporciona coeficiente de determinação superior a 80%. / Aiming evaluate the Eucalyptus spp. early selection efficiency and optimum size of plots, were used data of height, diameter at breast height and individual wood volume evaluated in two clonal tests at 25, 50, and 72 months old. The experimental design in both clonal tests was randomized blocks, using 30 treatments (clones), 6 replications, at 3.0 x 3.0m spacing and linear plots, and one of them with 6 plants per plot (clonal test 1) and the other with 10 plants (clonal test 2). Variance analysis to each trait and age was done to each experiment. The estimates of genotypic determination coefficient and the correlation between the early and mature age traits were obtained. To check the viability of early selection, was simulated the selection in young and mature age, adopting 30% of selection to each one of the traits and ages evaluated, estimating the gains by the direct and indirect selection. To check the size of plots, we used the repeatability coefficient calculated by the methods: Analysis of Variance, and the Principal Components of Structural Analysis, the last two calculated through the matrix of correlation. There were significant differences among clones evaluated in the two experiments to all traits and ages. From the results obtained is suggested the practice of early selection from 2 years old age to eucalyptus clonal tests. The use of six replications consisting of at least four plants per plot and evaluation at one age provides a coefficient of determination more than 80%.
98

Do epitáfio ao epitáfio fabuloso : parodiando identidades e reatualizando discursos

Pereira, Alécia Lucélia Gomes 04 March 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2194564 bytes, checksum: a4f1dd1be4d99183df9c7c2411264c8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The various discourses that circulate in society, to be materialized on the textual form, and are subject trace of truth wills that follow a regime of repeatability. With this, we find different discursive materiality, refracting the events and presenting statements already said. In this paper we produce gestures interpretation of the inscriptions around posthumous. It's about gender epitaph we turn our eyes, based on a reading of discursive practice that enables us to understand the meanings through the production conditions of utterances. Our study takes a look toward production of discourse epitáfico, official and fabulous, from the procedures used in his speeches, how they are organized and redistributed. Therefore, we, the light of the theoretical assumptions of Discourse Analysis of French line, the general objective, analyze the genre both in the epitaph "official" as in fabulous shape, as evidenced by observing the redefinition of gender through memory and discursive power relations that are involved in their sayings. The "new" epitaphs, to break the discursive order established in the original epitaphs, fall into a place unofficial, and utopian comic grotesque, inscribing new meanings through a subversive and weaving complaints glimpse wires in the text a socio-historical characteristic of postmodern thought. / Os vários discursos que circulam na sociedade, ao serem materializados, sobre a forma textual, constituem sujeitos e traçam vontades de verdade que obedecem a um regime de repetibilidade. Com isso, encontramos diferentes materialidades discursivas, refratando os acontecimentos e apresentando enunciados já ditos. No presente trabalho produzimos gestos de interpretação em torno das inscrições póstumas. É sobre o gênero epitáfio que voltamos nossos olhares, tendo por base uma prática de leitura discursiva que nos possibilita compreender os sentidos através das condições de produção dos enunciados. Nosso estudo tem um olhar direcionado à produção do discurso epitáfico, oficial e fabuloso, a partir dos procedimentos utilizados em seus discursos, na forma como são organizados e redistribuídos. Para tanto, temos, a luz dos pressupostos teóricos da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, como objetivo geral, analisar o gênero epitáfio tanto em sua forma oficial , quanto em sua forma fabulosa, observando como se evidencia a ressignificação desse gênero através da memória discursiva e das relações de poder em que estão envolvidos seus dizeres. Os novos epitáfios, ao quebrar a ordem discursiva estabelecida nos epitáfios originais, inserem-se em um lugar não-oficial, cômico grotesco e utópico, inscrevendo novos sentidos por meio de um caráter subversivo e tecendo denúncias que deixam entrever, nos fios do texto, um contexto sócio-histórico próprio do pensamento pós-moderno.
99

Controle estatístico de qualidade aplicado a ensaios de material de irrigação / Statistical quality control applied to irrigation materials testing

Hermes Soares da Rocha 30 November 2016 (has links)
Os ensaios laboratoriais para avaliação técnica ou estudo de material de irrigação envolvem a medição de diversas grandezas, bem como o monitoramento e controle das condições de ensaio. Qualquer sistema de medição e controle naturalmente apresenta instabilidades que podem afetar a qualidade dos resultados de ensaio, implicando em aumento da incerteza no processo de medição. A implementação do Controle Estatístico de Qualidade pode ser promissora para detecção de causas externas de variação, avaliação da variação máxima permitida aos dados de um processo e discriminação das principais componentes de variabilidade de um sistema de medição. Nesse sentido, considerando a hipótese de possibilidade de aprimoramento da qualidade dos resultados de ensaios, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo utilizar técnicas de controle estatístico de qualidade e análise de sistemas de medição para avaliar o grau de adequação de bancadas de ensaio de emissores de microirrigação, aperfeiçoar os sistemas de medição e controle adotados nas bancadas e diagnosticar a porcentagem de contribuição dos fatores inerentes aos sistemas de medição e controle na variabilidade total das medidas de vazão em ensaios de uniformidade. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Ensaios de Material de Irrigação (LEMI/INCTEI/ ESALQ/USP). Foram elaborados gráficos de controle de Shewhart, média móvel exponencialmente ponderada (MMEP), além de índices de capacidade para o processo de medição da pressão de ensaio, monitoramento de temperatura da água e vazão, consideradas como as variáveis características da qualidade para ensaios de determinação das curvas de vazão em função da pressão de entrada e uniformidade de vazão de emissores de microaspersão e gotejamento. Além disso, realizou-se estudo de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade (Gage RR) do sistema de medição da vazão, para o qual foram utilizadas 10 repetições, sob três turnos de trabalho (manhã, tarde e noite), com 13 emissores na bancada de microaspersão e 25 emissores na bancada de gotejamento. Não houve influência do turno de trabalho nas medidas de vazão obtidas e o aprimoramento do processo de ajuste da pressão de ensaio pela implantação de um controlador proporcional integrativo-derivativo (PID) ao ensaio de microaspersores foi suficientemente detectado pela aplicação dos gráficos de controle. A pressão e temperatura da água se mantiveram estáveis durante cada ensaio, e não foram identificadas causas não aleatórias de variabilidade na rotina de ensaios. O processo de controle e medição da pressão, para as duas bancadas, foi classificado como\"excelente\" quanto ao desempenho e capacidade de se manter entre os limites de especificação e centralização em relação ao valor de referência (alvo desejado). Como esperado, a variabilidade entre emissores foi a componente de maior contribuição na variância total da vazão, correspondendo a 95,47% e 96,77% para microaspersão e gotejamento, respectivamente. A repetitividade e reprodutibilidade do sistema de medição de vazão (Gage RR) foi \"aceitável\" para as duas bancadas, com as respectivas contribuições de 4,53% e 3,23%, em relação à variância total, associados às incertezas do Gage RR. / Laboratory tests for technical evaluation or irrigation material testing involve the measurement of various greatnesses, as well as monitoring and control of test conditions. Any measurement and control system naturally presents instabilities that can affect the quality of the test results, resulting in increased measurement uncertainty. The implementation of the Statistical Quality Control may be promising for detecting causes of variation non-random, evaluation of the tolerance permitted to data of the process and breakdown of the main variability components of a measuring system. In this sense, considering the hypothesis of possibility of improving the quality of test results, the present study aimed at using statistical quality control techniques and measurement systems analysis to assess the reliability of test benches of microirrigation emitters, improve measurement and control systems adopted in the benches and to diagnose percentage of contribution of the factors inherent in the measurement and control systems in the total variability of flow measurements on uniformity tests. The research was carried in Laboratório de Ensaios de Material de Irrigação (LEMI/INCTEI/ ESALQ/USP). Shewhart control charts were developed, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and capability index for the process of measuring the test pressure, temperature monitoring of water and flow, regarded as the quality variables for determination the flow curves as a function of inlet pressure and uniformity of flow for microsprinkler emitters and drip. In addition, it was made study of repeatability and reproducibility (Gage RR) of flow measurement system for which were used 10 repetitions in three work shifts (morning, afternoon and evening), with 13 emitters in the microsprinkler\'s bench and 25 emitters in the drip bench. There wasn\'t influence of the work shift in the obtained measures for flow and the improvement of the adjustment process of the test pressure for the implementation of the integrative-derivative proportional controller (PID) to microsprinklers test was sufficiently detected by control charts. The pressure and water of temperature remained stable during the tests and weren\'t identified non-random causes of variability in routine tests. The process control and measurement of pressure was classified \"excellent\" to performance and capability to remain in the range of specification and centralization in relation to the reference value (desired target), to the two benches. As expected, the variability between emitters was the greater contribution component in the total variance of flow, corresponding to 95.47% and 96.77% for microsprinkler and drip, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility for flow measurement system (Gage RR) was \"acceptable\" for the two benches, with the contributions respective of 4.53% and 3.23% relative to the total variance, associated with uncertainties of Gage RR.
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Avaliação de descritores morfológicos e seleção de diferentes tipos de progênies de Pennisetum sp.

SILVA, Maria da Conceição 21 February 2006 (has links)
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-17T13:27:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria da Conceicao Silva.pdf: 422850 bytes, checksum: 4b388d1fcf7876d6fb60e11e3c30f751 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:27:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria da Conceicao Silva.pdf: 422850 bytes, checksum: 4b388d1fcf7876d6fb60e11e3c30f751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Two experiments were performed at the Itambé Experimental Station (IPA). The objective was to analyze morphologic descriptors and different type of progenies in the selection of clones of Pennisetum sp. The experiments were conducted from March 2003 to May 2005 at Itambé. The first experiment analyzed repeatability ( 2) estimations, correlation and number of measures to predict 2 with coefficient of determination great tham 0.80. It was utilized 472 Pennisetum clones from 25 crosses, with clones represented by tussock (plot), without replication. It was evaluated the following measured characters: dry matter production (DMP), dry matter concentration (%DM), plant height (PH) and number of basal tillers (Nº BT). Visual observations included desejability (D), disease susceptibility (DS), total tillering (TT), basal tillering (BT), axilar tillering (AT), plant height (PHV), internode length (IL) and stem diameter (SD). The general 2 were 0.31,0.65, 0.20,0.55, 0.02, 0.41, 0.22, 0.11, 0.21, 0.45 and 0.29 from DMP, %DM, PH, Nº BT, DS, TT, BT, AT, PHV, IL and SD, respectively. An indirect way to select a given response is when a character shows low 2 but high correlation with other character with high 2 by characters of larger 2. The dry matter concentration was the most easily predicted character in elephantgrass clones. The genotypic value of this character was adequately predicted ( 2=0.80) with from measurements. The second experiment analyzed different type of progenies in the selection of clones of Pennisetum sp. The experimental treatments were two elephantgrass cultivars (Guaçu 122 and Cuba 116) and two fecundation forms {crossbreeds (F1) and self pollination (S1)}. Were evaluated 82 progenies (F1) origined from cv. Guaçu 122; 116 progenies (F1) from cv. Cuba 116; 10 progenies (S1) from cv. Guaçu 122 e 30 progênies (S1) from cv. Cuba 116. The evaluatedcharacters were DMP, % DM, PH, Nº BT and suvirval index. The Cuba 116 cultivar presented larger general capacity of combination than the Guaçu 122 cultivar. The selfpollination of Cuba 116 cultivar showed potential to selection S1 individuals from dry matter production and basal tillering characters. The suvirval index was the charater most depressed by self-pollination and present values to 58.40 %, 0.00 %, 65.80 % and 26.67 % for the treatment F1 from cv. Guaçu 122, S1 from cv. Guaçu 122, F1 from cv. Cuba 116 and S1 from cv. Cuba 116, respectively. / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na Estação Experimental de Itambé-PE, pertencente a Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA), objetivando avaliar diferentes descritores morfológicos e diferentes tipos de progênies de Pennisetum sp. sob seleção. As parcelas experimentais foram representadas por uma touceira/clone, sem repetição, com espaçamento de 1,0 m x 1,0 m. No primeiro experimento, conduzido no período de 03/2003 a 09/2004, foram avaliados 472 clones de Pennisetum sp. oriundos de 25 tipos de cruzamentos. Foi determinado coeficiente de repetibilidade ( 2), coeficiente de correlação e número de medidas necessário para predizer o valor genotípico ( 2=0,80) dos caracteres avaliados. Por meio de medição direta na planta foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: produção de matéria seca (PMS), teor de matéria seca (% MS), altura de planta (AP) e número de perfilhos basilares (Nº PB). Observações visuais baseadas em escalas denotas foram utilizadas para determinação dos caracteres: desejabilidade (D), susceptibilidade a doenças (SD), perfilhamento total (PT), perfilhamento basilar (PB), perfilhamento axilar (PA), altura de planta (APV), comprimento do entrenó (CE) e diâmetro de colmo (DC). Os caracteres PMS, % MS, AP, Nº PB, SD, PT, PB, PA, APV, CE e DC apresentaram coeficiente de repetibilidade geral de 0,31; 0,65; 0,20; 0,55; 0,02; 0,41; 0,22; 0,11; 0,21; 0,45 e 0,29, respectivamente. A alta correlação entre caracteres possibilita a seleção indireta de um caráter de baixa repetibilidade por meio de um outro caráter de maior repetibilidade. A estimativa de que com no máximo quatro medidas (avaliações) é possível predizer o valor genotípico ( 2=0,80) do teor de matéria seca, classifica-o entre os caracteres avaliados, como o de maior facilidade de predição em clones de Pennisetum sp. O segundo experimento foi conduzido no período de 03/2003 a05/2005. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois cultivares de capim-elefante (Guaçu 122 e Cuba 116) e duas formas de fecundação {cruzamento (F1) e autofecundação (S1)}. Foram avaliadas 82 progênies provenientes da (F1) do cv. Guaçu 122, 116 progênies da (F1) do cv. Cuba 116, 10 progênies da (S1) do cv. Guaçu 122 e 30 progênies da (S1) do cv. Cuba 116. Os caracteres avaliados foram: PMS, % MS, AP, Nº PB e índice sobrevivência. O cultivar de capim-elefante Cuba 116 apresenta maior capacidade geral de combinação do que o cultivar Guaçu 122. Existe possibilidade de seleção de clones S1 do cultivar Cuba 116 promissores quanto à produtividade e ao perfilhamento basilar. O índice de sobrevivência foi o caráter mais afetado pela autofecundação, com médias de 58,40 %, 0,00 % 65,80 %, e 26,67 % nos tratamentos F1 do cv. Guaçu 122, S1 do cv. Guaçu 122, F1do cv. Cuba 116 e S1 do cv. Cuba 116, respectivamente.

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