Rezension zu: Rajmund Hanke, Silesia Cantat. Dzieje polskiego śpiewactwa kościelnego na Śla̧sku [Silesia Cantat. The History of Polish Sacred Choral Societies in Silesia], Katowice 1996,333 S.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Surgical correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) carries a substantial risk of complication. The literature supports improved perioperative outcomes through the two surgeon strategy in other complex orthopedic procedures. Does the presence of 2 versus 1 attending surgeons affect the perioperative morbidity of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in patients with AIS curves greater than 70°? We reviewed the database from a large regional children’s hospital of all patients with AIS curves greater than 70° who underwent PSF from 2009‐2014 and divided the cohort into single versus 2‐surgeon groups (28 vs. 19 cases, respectively). We analyzed cases for length of surgery, estimated blood loss, and length of stay. The groups were identical when comparing age, gender, spinal levels fused, and average ASA score. However, the average Cobb angle in the single surgeon group was significantly less than in the 2 surgeon group at 78.4 vs 84.0 degrees, respectively (p=0.049). Mean operative time for single versus 2 surgeons was 238 (SD 48) vs 212 (SD 46) minutes (p=0.078). Mean percent estimated blood loss was 26% (SD 14.1) for single surgeon vs 31% (SD 14.9) for 2 surgeons (p=0.236), and mean estimated blood loss for single surgeon vs 2 surgeons was 830ml (SD 361) vs 1045ml (SD 346) (p=0.052). Mean length of stay was significantly decreased in the 2 surgeon group at 5.16 days (SD 1.7) versus the single surgeon group at 6.82 days (SD 6.82) (p=0.002). The use of 2 surgeons in AIS deformity correction at an experienced regional children’s hospital did not improve clinical outcomes. The average length of stay was reduced in the two‐surgeon group, but there was no significant impact on blood loss or operative time. However, this study does not rule out the potential for positive impact with a two‐surgeon strategy, and given previous supportive data in the literature, this approach should further evaluated to determine its effect on improving perioperative outcomes.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer som lever med en demenssjukdom i Sverige är uppskattningsvis mellan 110 000 till 170 000. Den verbala och ickeverbala kommunikationen är betydelsefull för att möta denna grupp av personer i samspelet och i vårdandet. Svårigheter att förstå och tolka personen med demenssjukdomen komplicerar omvårdnadssituationen vilket gör att kommunikationen blir till en utmaning för vårdaren. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vårdares kommunikation med personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes där åtta artiklar söktes fram genom att använda kombinerade sökord. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av Fribergs metodbeskrivning över analys vid litteraturöversikt där fokus låg på att skapa en översikt över den aktuella befintliga forskningen. Resultat: I litteraturöversikten identifierades tre teman: Kommunikationens betydelse i omvårdnadssituationen berörde hur verbal och icke verbal kommunikation ökade förståelsen för personen, Kommunikationens betydelse i bekräftande omvårdnad berörde hur vårdarens följsamhet för personens känsla av verklighet präglade omvårdnadssituationen och Kommunikationens betydelse för det relationsskapande vårdandet berörde hur individuellt anpassad omvårdnad påverkade samspelet med personen. Diskussion: Diskussionen fördjupade sig kring ämnena Relationens betydelse i vårdandet, vårdares kompetens och kunskap och kommunikationsstrategier som en omvårdnadsåtgärd, samt återkopplade till Feils teori om validationsmetoden och det vårdvetenskapliga konsensusbegreppet vårdande. / Background: The number of persons with dementia disease in Sweden is approximately between being around 110 000 – 170 000. The verbal and non-verbal communication is important to meet this group of people while interacting and caring for this group. Difficulties in understanding and interpreting persons with dementia complicate the care situation, which means that communication becomes a challenge for the caregiver. Aim: The objective was to describe carers’ communication with persons with dementia disease. Method: A literature review was conducted in which eight articles were sought through the use of combined keywords such as carer, communication and dementia. The analysis was conducted using the method of literature reviews described by Friberg which focused on creating an overall summarization of the existing research. Results: The literature review identified three different main themes: The importance of communication that involves verbal and nonverbal communication and its effects in the interaction with the person. The importance of communication in confirming nursing involves how the effect of knowledge of the person’s lifeworld characterized nursing situations. The importance of communication when creating caring relationships involved how individually adapted caring actions effected interactions with the person. Discussion: The discussion focused on the topics: the meaning of the caring relationship, the knowledge and competence of the carer, and communication strategies as a caring action. It also made connections to Feil’s theory on validation and the common nursing concept of caring.

Within research regarding superior-subordinate conflict there is noticeable variation. Scientists have found different answers to the question: what causes superior-subordinate conflicts in the workplace. A literature-study was conducted to examine the different scientific studies in the area and try to find a conclusion to what causes the variation and how it affects how one views the social phenomena that is superior-subordinate conflicts. The results indicate that (1) depending on theoretical standpoint the responsibility for the conflict is shifted. (2) Depending on methodical preference the conflict is more or less likely to be viewed as collectively created. In addition to this a Marxian perspective was added in an analytical discussion. Showing that using this theoretical standpoint conflicts can be portrayed as something positive.

Bakgrund: Mindfulness är ett nytt koncept inom omvårdnad. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) är ett program som utvecklats från mindfulness inom vården. MBSR har studerats i samband med olika sjukdomar däribland cancer. Bröstcancer är den vanligaste maligna cancern hos kvinnor världen över och att få en cancerdiagnos medför både fysiska och psykiska svårigheter. Syfte: Att beskriva effekter av MBSR på personer med bröstcancer. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på RCT-studier (randomised controlled trials). Datainsamling gjordes via CINAHL, Medline och PsychINFO och tolv RCT-studier granskades med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Resultatet bygger på tolv RCT studier som jämför MBSR med vanlig behandling (VB) och är indelat i effekter avseende fysiskt välmående, effekter avseende psykiskt välmående, effekter avseende hantering och effekter avseende socialt välmående. Slutsats: Generellt finns kortsiktiga positiva effekter till följd av MBSR-programmet hos personer med bröstcancer. Dock är dessa effekter ofta uppmätta direkt efter interventionen och flera studier visar att dess effekt minskar efter tolv månader. Evidensen för att använda MBSR i vården av personer med bröstcancer är ännu låg och fler studier med längre uppföljning bör göras. / Background: Mindfulness is a fairly new concept in nursing. The MBSR-programme (Mindfulness based stress reduction) was developed from mindfulness in healthcare. MBSR has been studied in relation to different healthcare settings and illnesses there among cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women worldwide. To live with cancer entails both psychological and physical issues. Aim: To describe the effects of MBSR on persons with breast cancer. Method: A literature review based on RCT-studies (randomised controlled trials). Data collection was done using CINAHL, Medline and PsychINFO and twelve RCT-studies was examined with an inductive approach. Results: The result is based on twelve RCT-studies comparing MBSR with standard treatment and presented in effects related to: physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, coping and social wellbeing. Conclusion: Generally, there are short term positive effects of the MBSR-programme on persons with breast cancer. These effects are often measured directly after the intervention and several studies show that the effects diminish after twelve months. Evidence to use MBSR in healthcare for persons with breast cancer is still low and more studies with longer follow up should be conducted.

UA Open Access Publishing Fund / Background: Internet and mobile health (mHealth) apps hold promise for expanding the reach of evidence-based health interventions. Research in this area is rapidly expanding. However, these studies may experience problems with recruitment and retention. Web-based and mHealth studies are in need of a wide-reaching and low-cost method of recruitment that will also effectively retain participants for the duration of the study. Online recruitment may be a low-cost and wide-reaching tool in comparison to traditional recruitment methods, although empirical evidence is limited. Objective: This study aims to review the literature on online recruitment for, and retention in, mHealth studies. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature of studies examining online recruitment methods as a viable means of obtaining mHealth research participants. The data sources used were PubMed, CINAHL, EbscoHost, PyscINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies reporting at least one method of online recruitment were included. A narrative approach enabled the authors to discuss the variability in recruitment results, as well as in recruitment duration and study design. Results: From 550 initial publications, 12 studies were included in this review. The studies reported multiple uses and outcomes for online recruitment methods. Web-based recruitment was the only type of recruitment used in 67% (8/12) of the studies. Online recruitment was used for studies with a variety of health domains: smoking cessation (58%; 7/12) and mental health (17%; 2/12) being the most common. Recruitment duration lasted under a year in 67% (8/12) of the studies, with an average of 5 months spent on recruiting. In those studies that spent over a year (33%; 4/12), an average of 17 months was spent on recruiting. A little less than half (42%; 5/12) of the studies found Facebook ads or newsfeed posts to be an effective method of recruitment, a quarter (25%; 3/12) of the studies found Google ads to be the most effective way to reach participants, and one study showed better outcomes with traditional (eg in-person) methods of recruitment. Only one study recorded retention rates in their results, and half (50%; 6/12) of the studies recorded survey completion rates. Conclusions: Although online methods of recruitment may be promising in experimental research, more empirical evidence is needed to make specific recommendations. Several barriers to using online recruitment were identified, including participant retention. These unique challenges of virtual interventions can affect the generalizability and validity of findings from Web-based and mHealth studies. There is a need for additional research to evaluate the effectiveness of online recruitment methods and participant retention in experimental mHealth studies.

Rezension zu Mahn, Lisa: Felix Petyrek : Lebensbild eines vergessenen Komponisten, erschienen 1998 im Verlag Hans Schneider in Tutzing

Zusammenfassung der Autorin des 1997 erschienenen Werkes Jeronimas Kačinskas

Rezension zu Werken zur slowakischen Musik

Auditors form judgments by integrating the evidence they gather with information stored in memory (knowledge). As they acquire experience, auditors have the opportunity to learn how different patterns of evidence are associated with particular audit problems. Research in experimental psychology has demonstrated that individuals with task-specific experience can match the cues they encounter with patterns they have learned, and form judgments without consciously analyzing the individual cues. Accounting researchers have suggested that auditors develop judgment templates through task-specific experience, and that these knowledge structures automatically provide decisions in familiar situations. I examined whether auditor knowledge leads to reliance on judgment templates. To test this thesis, I synthesized a theoretical framework and developed research hypotheses that predict relationships between task-specific experience (my surrogate for knowledge) and (1) measures of cognitive effort, (2) accuracy of residual memory traces, and (3) performance with respect to identifying potential problems. To test these predictions, I provided senior auditors with comprehensive case materials for a hypothetical client and asked them to use analytical procedures to identify potential audit problems. Subjects acquired information and documented their findings on personal computers using software that I developed to record their activities.