Bakgrund: Antalet personer som lever med en demenssjukdom i Sverige är uppskattningsvis mellan 110 000 till 170 000. Den verbala och ickeverbala kommunikationen är betydelsefull för att möta denna grupp av personer i samspelet och i vårdandet. Svårigheter att förstå och tolka personen med demenssjukdomen komplicerar omvårdnadssituationen vilket gör att kommunikationen blir till en utmaning för vårdaren. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vårdares kommunikation med personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes där åtta artiklar söktes fram genom att använda kombinerade sökord. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av Fribergs metodbeskrivning över analys vid litteraturöversikt där fokus låg på att skapa en översikt över den aktuella befintliga forskningen. Resultat: I litteraturöversikten identifierades tre teman: Kommunikationens betydelse i omvårdnadssituationen berörde hur verbal och icke verbal kommunikation ökade förståelsen för personen, Kommunikationens betydelse i bekräftande omvårdnad berörde hur vårdarens följsamhet för personens känsla av verklighet präglade omvårdnadssituationen och Kommunikationens betydelse för det relationsskapande vårdandet berörde hur individuellt anpassad omvårdnad påverkade samspelet med personen. Diskussion: Diskussionen fördjupade sig kring ämnena Relationens betydelse i vårdandet, vårdares kompetens och kunskap och kommunikationsstrategier som en omvårdnadsåtgärd, samt återkopplade till Feils teori om validationsmetoden och det vårdvetenskapliga konsensusbegreppet vårdande. / Background: The number of persons with dementia disease in Sweden is approximately between being around 110 000 – 170 000. The verbal and non-verbal communication is important to meet this group of people while interacting and caring for this group. Difficulties in understanding and interpreting persons with dementia complicate the care situation, which means that communication becomes a challenge for the caregiver. Aim: The objective was to describe carers’ communication with persons with dementia disease. Method: A literature review was conducted in which eight articles were sought through the use of combined keywords such as carer, communication and dementia. The analysis was conducted using the method of literature reviews described by Friberg which focused on creating an overall summarization of the existing research. Results: The literature review identified three different main themes: The importance of communication that involves verbal and nonverbal communication and its effects in the interaction with the person. The importance of communication in confirming nursing involves how the effect of knowledge of the person’s lifeworld characterized nursing situations. The importance of communication when creating caring relationships involved how individually adapted caring actions effected interactions with the person. Discussion: The discussion focused on the topics: the meaning of the caring relationship, the knowledge and competence of the carer, and communication strategies as a caring action. It also made connections to Feil’s theory on validation and the common nursing concept of caring.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Monika Dohnalová Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Kubíček, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: HPLC analysis of drugs The diploma thesis deals with the development and optimization of HPLC method for simultaneous determination of selected polyphenolic compounds: apigenin, acteoside and luteolin. During the experiments, the most suitable conditions for separation were sought, various mobile phases and various types of gradient elution were tested. The Zorbax Eclipse XBD C18 column 250 x 4.6 mm; 5 µm was used for analysis. The detection was performed with diode array detector at wavelengths 249 nm and 350 nm,the column was thermostated at 30 řC. The injected volume was 10 µl. The best results were achieved using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous solution of formic acid (0.03 mol/l) at a flow rate 1ml/min.

Orientador: Maria Isabel Pedreira de Freitas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T06:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_TiagoCristianode_M.pdf: 1535364 bytes, checksum: 7b5de5b8b0439282a6b93391a8447157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A epidemia causada pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), representa fenômeno global, dinâmico e instável, cuja forma de ocorrência nas diferentes regiões do mundo depende, entre outros determinantes, do comportamento humano individual e coletivo. Com a finalidade de se obter subsídios para propor ações educativas, que possam contribuir para a melhoria da assistência ao idoso portador ou não do HIV/aids e, para prevenir o contágio dessa população, desenvolveu-se esta pesquisa que foi composta por duas etapas. Primeira: teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um instrumento para caracterização de uma população com 50 anos ou mais portadora de HIV/aids. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de concordância de Kendall e o teste de Cochran para verificar a concordância entre juízes quanto à pertinência, clareza e abrangência das questões que compunham o instrumento. Observou-se discordância entre os peritos no primeiro momento da validação e após reformulação obteve-se concordância no segundo. O instrumento para caracterização dessa população apresenta-se validado em relação ao conteúdo e foi empregado na segunda etapa do estudo. Segunda: teve como objetivo caracterizar sociodemográfica e clinicamente a população, identificar comportamentos em saúde, crenças e atitudes sobre a doença e o tratamento de uma população soro positiva para o HIV com 50 anos ou mais de idade. Para descrever o perfil da população utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Para verificar associação entre duas variáveis categóricas utilizaram se os testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e Kappa. Para comparações de variáveis contínuas entre dois grupos, utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Como resultado, observou-se predominância de pessoas do sexo masculino, associação entre menor nível de escolaridade e abandono de tratamento, desacordo entre o que o paciente acredita ter como doença oportunista e o que está registrado em seu prontuário, predominância de pessoas sexualmente ativas que se contaminaram principalmente pela via sexual e não fazem uso de drogas de estimulação sexual, que atualmente se protegem em suas relações sexuais, mas que não o faziam antes de se saberem infectadas. Os homens não utilizavam preservativo pela falta deste no momento da relação, enquanto que as mulheres não o utilizavam pois confiavam em seus parceiros sexuais. Este estudo permitiu obter dados importantes para se planejar a acolhida e assistência ao paciente portador ou não de HIV/aids com 50 anos ou mais de idade e demonstrou a vitalidade sexual dessa população / Abstract: The epidemic caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) represents a global phenomenon, dynamic and unstable, which form of occurrence in different regions of the world depends on, among other determinants, individual and collective human behavior. In order to obtain basis to provide education to contribute improving the care provided to elderly HIV/AIDS positive or not, the developed research was composed of 2 stages. First, aimed to develop and validate tools to study the characterization of population from 50 years old and on HIV/AIDS positive. The Kendall coefficient of concordance and the Cochran test were applied to check the agreement among judges regarding the pertinent, clarity and range of the questions that compose the instrument. A disagreement was noticed among the experts at the first moment of validation and after a recasting an agreement was reached in the second validation. The instrument for characterization of that population was validated regarding its content and was used for development of the second stage of the study. Second, aimed to feature the socio-demographic and clinical population, identify health behaviors, beliefs and attitudes about the illness and treatment of a population from 50 years old and on HIV positive. In order to describe the profile of the population descriptive statistics and charts with frequencies and percentages were applied. In order to verify the association between two categorical variables the chi-square or Fisher's Exact, and Kappa were applied. For the analysis of a continuous and a categorical variable, we used the Mann-Whitney test and the adopted level of significance was 5%, that means, p-value £ 0.05. As a result, there was a slight predominance of males, relation between education level and abandonment of treatment, disagreement between the patient belief of having an opportunistic illness and what is registered in his medical records, predominance of people who are sexually active contaminated mainly through sexual relation and do not use drugs for sexual stimulation, did not use to protect themselves during the sexual relation before being aware of their contamination but currently do it. Those men did not use condoms for not having one available at the moment of the sexual relation, while women did not use it due to the confidence they had in their sexual partners. The study led to some important data in order to plan the reception and assistance to the patient from 50 years old and on HIV /AIDS positive or not, as well as evidenced that population sexual vitality / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

Certificate validation is today a vital part of keeping communication secure over the internet. It allows secure daily communication for roughly 5 billion people using the internet. This is done by the help of Certificate Authorities, who use the technique of certificate validation chains for a more relentless validation and to widen the possibilities of secure communication. These chains have been in a changing process since the beginning, which has not been in a single direction. In this thesis, the changes in properties of the certificate chains are studied during the time period 2013 until 2021. The datasets of certificate chains are generated from the crt.sh database. The focus is put on finding changes in the length of the certificate chains and where in the chains these changes appear. Being able to understand and explain these changes is of great value in order to know about the further development of these chains and to predict the future direction that these chains might take. Based on the findings from the analysis of the chains included in the dataset, it was possible to conclude that the average length of the chains has increased over the time period. Though there have been special occasions in the industry-leading to decline in later years of the time period.The findings in this thesis indicates that what is important for the industry has changed. From having a focus on increasing the length to shift focus to shorten the length to provide better performance in terms of speed.

With examples from a single classroom situation, several educational moments show what goes on between the teacher and the student. The teacher’s responsibility in the learning process is, with a gesture frozen in the air of the moment, to lead and follow the student in her tentative efforts at seeking knowledge. Initially, it is an attempt to shed light upon the "not yet seen" with a certainty that the student herself possesses the capacity and the aptitude to reach greater insight and clarity in her understanding. The Validation/Feil Method presented in this instructional situation illustrates how best to communicate with elderly people suffering from Alzheimer’s dementia. This essay examines thoughts, reflections and somewhat deeper studies concerning the importance of the moment, or rather the various moments that appear along our journey. From this wandering, the importance of being open-minded, spontaneous and perceptive come to light as well as new concepts such as improvisation and lingering along the way. The art of perceiving is enhanced by concepts such as reading and intuition with the help and support of earlier philosophical tradition, primarily Aristotle’s various forms of knowledge and Hans-Georg Gadamer with his work within the hermeneutic tradition. The author also offers an example of knowledge and learning which, taken together, display the importance of being aware of the body of knowledge incorporated in the area of Practical Knowledge. This is one way of gaining understanding in harmony with others of existing reality and of life itself.

Cis-regulatory elements are the short regions of DNA to which specific regulatory proteins bind and these interactions subsequently influence the level of transcription for associated genes, by inhibiting or enhancing the transcription process. It is known that much of the genetic change underlying morphological evolution takes place in these regions, rather than in the coding regions of genes. Identifying these sites in a genome is a non-trivial problem. Experimental (wet-lab) methods for finding binding sites exist, but all have some limitations regarding their applicability, accuracy, availability or cost. On the other hand computational methods for predicting the position of binding sites are less expensive and faster. Unfortunately, however, these algorithms perform rather poorly, some missing most binding sites and others over-predicting their presence. The aim of this thesis is to develop and improve computational approaches for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) by integrating the results of computational algorithms and other sources of complementary biological evidence. Previous related work involved the use of machine learning algorithms for integrating predictions of TFBSs, with particular emphasis on the use of the Support Vector Machine (SVM). This thesis has built upon, extended and considerably improved this earlier work. Data from two organisms was used here. Firstly the relatively simple genome of yeast was used. In yeast, the binding sites are fairly well characterised and they are normally located near the genes that they regulate. The techniques used on the yeast genome were also tested on the more complex genome of the mouse. It is known that the regulatory mechanisms of the eukaryotic species, mouse, is considerably more complex and it was therefore interesting to investigate the techniques described here on such an organism. The initial results were however not particularly encouraging: although a small improvement on the base algorithms could be obtained, the predictions were still of low quality. This was the case for both the yeast and mouse genomes. However, when the negatively labeled vectors in the training set were changed, a substantial improvement in performance was observed. The first change was to choose regions in the mouse genome a long way (distal) from a gene over 4000 base pairs away - as regions not containing binding sites. This produced a major improvement in performance. The second change was simply to use randomised training vectors, which contained no meaningful biological information, as the negative class. This gave some improvement over the yeast genome, but had a very substantial benefit for the mouse data, considerably improving on the aforementioned distal negative training data. In fact the resulting classifier was finding over 80% of the binding sites in the test set and moreover 80% of the predictions were correct. The final experiment used an updated version of the yeast dataset, using more state of the art algorithms and more recent TFBSs annotation data. Here it was found that using randomised or distal negative examples once again gave very good results, comparable to the results obtained on the mouse genome. Another source of negative data was tried for this yeast data, namely using vectors taken from intronic regions. Interestingly this gave the best results.

85 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-08T13:22:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NORMANDO DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (1).doc: 1373696 bytes, checksum: 6e6f4afc01a6708ec44c276e63213713 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br), reason: transformar em pdf. on 2013-06-06T12:59:17Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-06T13:43:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação NORMANDO DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (1).pdf: 1416415 bytes, checksum: 4927e2bf2b9b19287f6adb42fc059ccf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-06T13:47:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação NORMANDO DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (1).pdf: 1416415 bytes, checksum: 4927e2bf2b9b19287f6adb42fc059ccf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-06T13:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação NORMANDO DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (1).pdf: 1416415 bytes, checksum: 4927e2bf2b9b19287f6adb42fc059ccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES / O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um procedimento analítico empregado Cromatografia Líquida Ultra Rápida acoplada a Detector de Fluorescência (UFLC-FLU) para determinação de interferentes endócrinos (IEs; bisfenol A (BPA), 4n-nonilfenol (4NP), 4-octifenol (4OP), 4-t-octifenol (4TOP), estriol (E3), estrona (E1), 17β- estradiol (E2) e 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2)) em água do mar. Foi utilizado um sistema de pré-concentração em fase solida (cartucho SPE com fase estácionária C18) para extração e pré-concentração dos IE em as amostras de água do mar. A separação foi otimizada e realizada em um tempo total de corrida de 10 min, em uma coluna cromatográfica Shim-pack XR-ODS C-18 (2,0 mm ID x 50 mm), com a fase móvel de acetonitrila e água ultra pura com gradiente de eluição. A vazão foi de 0,12 mL min-1, a temperatura da coluna foi mantida em 60°C e os comprimentos de onda de emissão e excitação foram de 306 nm e 280 nm, respectivamente. O método validado foi aplicado em amostras de água coletadas na Baia de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas na Baía da Ribeira, Feira do São Joaquim, Santo Amaro da Purificação, São Francisco do Conde, Cachoeira e Acupe. As recuperações para o IE variaram entre 84,9% (para o composto 4nOP) e 104% (para o composto 4nNP), e a repetibilidade foi adequada (RSD < 4,5%). Os limites de detecção e quantificação encontrados para os compostos estudados variaram de 4 a 27 µg L-1 e de 19 a 185 µg L-1, respectivamente para o método cromatográfico. Considerando o fator de concentração de 2000 vezes, o LD e LQ variaram de 2 a 23 ng L-1 e de 9 a 96 ng L-1, respectivamente quando calculados para amostra real. Foi observada a ocorrência dos seguintes IE nas amostras reais: bisfenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) e 4n-octifenol (4NOP) em concentrações que variaram de 5 ng L-1 em Santo Amaro a 18,3 ng L-1 em Cachoeira para o E2, 20 ng L-1 do 4NOP na Ribeira a 135 ng L-1 no estuario do Rio Subaé (Santo Amaro), sendo o 4NOP o contaminante onipresente nas amostras analisadas. A concentração de 38 ng L-1 de E3 foi encontrada apenas nas amostras da Ribeira. A presença de BPA foi detectada em quase todas as amostras (o BPA não foi detectado na Ribeira), em níveis entre 13 ng L-1 no estuário do rio Paraguaçu em Cachoeira e aproximadamente 77 ng L-1 no estuário do rio Subaé. Os resultados sugerem que as regiões estudadas encontram-se possivelmente impactadas em relação os IE estudados e que as concentrações encontradas poderiam indicar possíveis danos ao ecossistema marinho local. O método analítico empregando SPE e UFLC-FLU se mostrou eficiente na determinação dos oito compostos de interesse usando um volume de amostra de 4 litros. / Salvador

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire portent sur l'étude, la conception et le développement de deux nouveaux prototypes de reconstruction tridimensionnelle, spécifique aux objets transparents. La numérisation 3D d'objets opaques est abondamment traitée dans la littérature et de nombreux systèmes sont d'ailleurs commercialisés. Cependant, lorsqu'il s'agit de la numérisation 3D d'objets transparents, les publications se font rares et aucun système de scanning n'existe sur le marché. La technique de numérisation de surfaces transparentes demeure compliquée et non maîtrisée à l'heure actuelle. L'opacification de la surface avant le scanning s'avère être la solution retenue dans le domaine du contrôle qualité. Néanmoins, cette alternative n'est pas optimale en raison du coût de traitements et du manque de précision éventuellement engendré. Afin de solutionner les problèmes de la numérisation d'objets transparents, nous avons développé deux approches dites non conventionnelles en étendant les méthodes existantes (dans le visible) aux longueurs d'onde dans lesquelles les sujets apparaissent opaques (IR et UV). Les deux méthodes de mesure sans contact retenues sont : - la reconstruction par polarisation dans l'IR, en vue de s'affranchir des problèmes d'inter-réflexions; - le scanning par laser UV, pour satisfaire les contraintes industrielles (précision, rapidité et coût) tout en résolvant de manière efficace le problème de réfraction. La première approche est fondée sur la réflexion spéculaire de l'objet dans l'IR tandis que la seconde exploite la propriété de l'objet à fluorescer sous l'irradiation UV. L'inexistence des lentilles télécentriques dans l'IR nous a conduits à adapter la reconstruction par polarisation dans l'IR à l'aide d'une lentille non télécentrique. Pour ce faire, une méthode d'approximation du modèle orthographique a été développée et une méthode de validation visant à améliorer la précision des résultats a été en outre intégrée dans le processus de reconstruction après l'étape d'estimation des paramètres de Stokes. Nos résultats sont très satisfaisants et attestent la faisabilité de la reconstruction par polarisation dans l'IR. Quatre configurations de système de scanning par triangulation ont été déployées afin d'exploiter la propriété de fluorescence des objets transparents irradiés sous un rayonnement UV. Des expérimentations visant à caractériser la fluorescence induite à la surface des objets considérés et à vérifier l'éligibilité de notre approche ont été menées. Les mesures spectroscopiques nous ont permis d'élaborer des critères de "tracking" (détection et localisation) des points fluorescents en présence des bruits inhérents à l'acquisition. Nous avons également mis au point des méthodes de validation des paramètres du modèle de reconstruction 3D estimés lors de la calibration, permettant ainsi d'optimiser la configuration du système de scanning. Les méthodes de "tracking" et de validation ont contribué considérablement à l'amélioration de la précision des résultats. Par ailleurs, la précision obtenue n'a jamais été atteinte au regard de ce que l'on trouve dans la littérature. / Two non-conventional methods for the 3D digitization of transparent objects via non-contact measurement are reported in this thesis. 3D digitization is a well acknowledged technique for opaque objects and various commercial solutions based on different measurement approaches are available in the market offering different types of resolution at different prices. Since these techniques require a diffused or lambertian surface, their application to transparent surfaces fails. Indeed, rays reflected by the transparent surface are perturbed by diverse inter-reflections induced by the refractive properties of the object. Therefore, in industrial applications like quality control, the transparent objects are powder coated followed by their digitization. However, this method is expensive and can also produce inaccuracies. Among the rare methods suggested in the literature, shape from polarization provides reliable results even though their accuracy had to be improved by coping with the inter-reflections. The two proposed solutions handle the extension of the existing methods to wavelengths beyond visible ranges: - shape from polarization in Infra Red (IR) range to deal with the above-mentioned inter-reflections; - scanning by Ultra Violet (UV) laser (based on triangulation scheme) to overcome the refraction problem that can be feasibly applied in industrial applications. The characteristic physical properties of transparent objects led us to explore the IR and UV ranges; since, transparent glass has strong absorption bands in the IR and UV ranges and therefore has opaque appearance. The first approach exploits the specular reflection of the considered object surface in IR and the second one exploits the fluorescence property of the object when irradiated with UV rays. Shape from polarization traditionally based on telecentric lenses had to be adapted with non-telecentric lenses to be used in the IR range. Thus, an approximation of the orthographic model is developed in this thesis while a validation method is implemented and integrated in the reconstruction process after Stokes parameters estimation, in order to improve the accuracy of the results. Some results of digitized objects are presented, which prove the feasibility of the shape from polarization method in the IR range to be used for transparent objects. A total of four configurations of the triangulation system are implemented in this thesis to exploit fluorescence produced by the UV laser scanning of the second approach. Experimental investigations aimed at characterizing the fluorescence are done. A specific fluorescence tracking method is carried out to deal with the inherent noise in the acquisitions. The uniqueness of the method relies on the criteria that are derived from the analysis of spectroscopic results. A validation method is made to optimize the configuration system while reducing the accuracy of reconstruction error. The results of some object digitization are presented with accuracies better than previously reported works.

This thesis presents work on a holistic approach for improving the overall design of solar cooling systems driven by solar thermal collectors. Newly developed methods for thermodynamic optimization of hydraulics and control were used to redesign an existing pilot plant. Measurements taken from the newly developed system show an 81% increase of the Solar Cooling Efficiency (SCEth) factor compared to the original pilot system. In addition to the improvements in system design, new efficiency factors for benchmarking solar cooling systems are presented. The Solar Supply Efficiency (SSEth) factor provides a means of quantifying the quality of solar thermal charging systems relative to the usable heat to drive the sorption process. The product of the SSEth with the already established COPth of the chiller, leads to the SCEth factor which, for the first time, provides a clear and concise benchmarking method for the overall design of solar cooling systems. Furthermore, the definition of a coefficient of performance, including irreversibilities from energy conversion (COPcon), enables a direct comparison of compression and sorption chiller technology. This new performance metric is applicable to all low-temperature heat-supply machines for direct comparison of different types or technologies. The achieved findings of this work led to an optimized generic design for solar cooling systems, which was successfully transferred to the market.