This Diploma Thesis is about Internal Audit in Multinational Corporations in Energy Industry. The goal of this Diploma Thesis is to introduce Internal Audit in chosen Multinational Corporations. In each company is introduced emplacement of Internal Audit, process of Internal Audit and planning process of Internal Audit. Diploma Thesis also explores corrective actions, follow-up audits and fraud prevention program.

Every country in world has opportunities for different type of productions and this leads compensation. According to this, International Trade has become very important in all countries worldwide for ages; it helps the developing of the country and contributes more convenient area for the citizens. It is because nations have to live with trading. In this manner, many agreements are signed to get efficient merchandising because international trade contains many risks like intervention, political, non-acceptance, credit, war and also uncontrollable events. European Union can be considered as an agreement since its fundamental principal is free movement of people and goods.Increasing of movement of these goods around the European Union is seen as “easy pickings” by crime groups and nowadays society is facing with this criminal behavior. That motivation causes many problems for supply chain and logistics. Transportation systems are being tried to adjust as more secured while opportunity to thefts attacks to goods are rising.The complexity of this problem is tried to be solved by good reporting of incidents, pointing out the hot spots or the hot products which are related to EU. It is obvious that there is lack of good reporting or coordinating.According to this thesis a lot of work can be done in order to get brief look for the theft endangered goods which are on road and dangerous zones for theft attacks at EU. This thesis will map out specific countries, cities and positions that are particularly exposed to theft attacks. (For example, Schiphol Airport is chosen as the hottest spot and its hottest products are electronic and music devices while many reports and statistical works are being observed.)

Due to its high-risk nature, international construction projects are more vulnerable to adverse changes in project environment and company objectives. To achieve successful project outcomes, early provision of risks has a vital place in managing construction projects. Within the literature, several risk assessment methodologies have been offered to simulate probable consequences of risks. The majority of the proposed methodologies are limited in reflection of real project conditions as they require probabilistic measures or rely on solely intuition and experience of decision makers. In this study, it is argued that an additional assistance is needed for decision-makers when they are assessing magnitudes of risks under different project and country conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a knowledge-based risk mapping tool for international construction projects using an ontology that relates risk and vulnerability to cost overrun and a novel risk-vulnerability assessment methodology. The tool incorporates a &lsquo / lessons learned database&rsquo / that utilizes learning from previous projects in order to assist decision-makers when quantifying the risk-related variables. The database is expected to aid decision-makers by retrieving and making use of the knowledge of previous projects that have been captured, codified, and stored within the database previously. In addition, to guide decision-makers by giving better understanding of the risk variables, attributes of the risk-related variables are identified that lists probable triggering events for the occurrence of the relevant variables. The tool has also been tested on a real construction project as well as its usability has been ensured by conducting some usability tests.

O objeto deste estudo trata do impacto do ambiente de trabalho no processo de saúde-doença dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma unidade ambulatorial especializada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os objetivos foram: identificar os riscos ocupacionais no ambiente laboral dos trabalhadores de enfermagem da unidade em estudo; descrever a percepção do trabalhador de enfermagem sobre os impactos dos riscos ocupacionais em sua saúde; analisar o ambiente laboral destes trabalhadores com vistas à identificação de fatores de riscos que interferem negativamente na saúde; propor medidas de prevenção para minimização de impactos negativos na saúde dos mesmos, com destaque para a elaboração do Mapa de Riscos. Como suporte teórico, foram abordados conceitos e pressupostos relacionados às doenças do trabalho e sua relação com riscos ocupacionais, contextualizando-os com a configuração do mundo do trabalho em saúde, sua organização e processo laboral, assim como as vivências de prazer e sofrimento que podem alterar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de natureza qualitativa. Os sujeitos foram 40 trabalhadores de enfermagem, incluindo enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação não participante, aplicados entre março/abril e junho/setembro de 2011, respectivamente. E cruzando as informações coletadas a partir dos dois instrumentos, buscou-se captar dados que possibilitasse a elaboração do Mapa de Risco dos setores com mais problemas em termos de deixar vulnerável a saúde dos trabalhadores, sendo elaborado Mapa de Risco da UCAMB e da CME. Enfatiza-se que houve assinatura prévia do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e que a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto sob número de protocolo 2528. O método de análise escolhido foi do tipo: análise temática de conteúdo, o qual possibilitou o surgimento de três categorias: riscos ocupacionais visíveis e invisíveis para o trabalhador de enfermagem; o processo de adoecimento do trabalhador no e pelo trabalho; melhorias das condições de trabalho: contribuições para proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores. Os resultados evidenciaram que o risco mais freqüentemente revelado foi de acidente, principalmente por materiais perfurocortantes, seguidos de exposição aos riscos biológicos. Porém, houve sujeitos que não perceberam a presença dos riscos ou reduziam a gravidade dos mesmos para o processo saúde-doença. As repercussões dos riscos ocupacionais no corpo dos trabalhadores foram identificadas como: estresse, varizes e distúrbios osteomusculares. Algumas sugestões elaboradas pelos sujeitos para a melhoria das condições de trabalho foram: realização de reformas estruturais, modernização dos equipamentos, incremento quantitativo dos recursos humanos, melhoria na organização do trabalho, implementação de um Núcleo da Saúde do Trabalhador. Considera-se que os objetivos deste estudo foram atingidos, no entanto, existe a clareza de que há muito a ser pesquisado sobre riscos ocupacionais e suas repercussões nos trabalhadores, assim como as intervenções necessárias para a prevenção e promoção da saúde do trabalhador. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas, como também repensar nas estratégias de ensino de formação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, e também se faz relevante a participação da categoria em movimentos sociais para a construção de políticas públicas nesta área. / The investigation object of this study approaches the impact of workplace at nursing worker's health at a specialized ambulatory unit in Rio de Janeiro city. The objectives were: to identify occupational hazard at the workplace of nursing workers in such study site; to describe nurses perception about impacts of occupational hazards in their health; to analyze their workplace in order to identify risk factors which negatively interfere in health; to propose prevention measures in order to minimize negative impacts in their health, highlighting the elaboration of a Risk Map. As theoretical support concepts and conjectures were approached related to labor disease and its relation to the occupational hazards, contextualizing them with the configuration at the universe of health work, its organization and the labour process, as well as experiences of pleasure and suffering that can alter workers health conditions. The study was supported by Taylors current labor concepts, seeking to understand transformations that occurred at the work process, as well as experiences such as suffering-pleasure generated at work. It is a descriptive-exploratory research type, qualitative nature, developed at PPC, after approval from Ethics Committee. The subjects were 40 nursing professionals, including nurses, technicians and aid nurses. Sample tools were semi-structured interviews and non participant observation, applied between march/april and june/september, 2011 respectively. And crossing information sampled from two tools, in order to obtain data it turned possible the elaboration of the Risk Map from the part of sectors concentrating more problems in terms of letting vulnerable workers' health, and it has elaborated UCAMB and CME Risk Map. It's important to highlight that there was previous signature from the Informed Consent and this research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Pedro Ernesto Hospital under protocol number 2528. The analysis method chosen was thematic content analysis, which has given rise to three categories: occupational hazards which are visible and invisible to the nursing worker; the process of disease in the worker because of work; improvement in working conditions: contributions in order to protect worker's health. Results have evidenced that the most frequently revealed risk was of accident, mainly by sharps injury material, followed by exposure to biological risks. However, there were subjects who didn't realize the presence of such risks because of misled view of ambulatory environment, by lack of critical view of work process and by bluntness of its critical and analysis ability due to excess of work. The repercussion of occupational hazards at the workers bodies were identified as stress, osteomuscular varicose veins disorders. Workers have pointed out some suggestions in terms of working conditions improvement, namely: accomplishment of new structure reformation, equipment update, quantitative human resources improvement, working organization improvement, implementation of Worker's Health Center. We consider that the objectives of this study were properly achieved, however, its clear that there is much more to be investigated concerning to occupational hazards and its repercussion on workers, as well as necessary intervention to prevent and promote workers health. It's also necessary a continuous investment on the development of scientific activities must be highlighted, once its important to have positive paradigmatic changes in nursery research. New researches can be suggested, as well as rethinking nursing formation teaching strategies, and it is also relevant to obtain participation from the part of the category into social actions towards the construction of public policies in this field.

O objeto deste estudo trata do impacto do ambiente de trabalho no processo de saúde-doença dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma unidade ambulatorial especializada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os objetivos foram: identificar os riscos ocupacionais no ambiente laboral dos trabalhadores de enfermagem da unidade em estudo; descrever a percepção do trabalhador de enfermagem sobre os impactos dos riscos ocupacionais em sua saúde; analisar o ambiente laboral destes trabalhadores com vistas à identificação de fatores de riscos que interferem negativamente na saúde; propor medidas de prevenção para minimização de impactos negativos na saúde dos mesmos, com destaque para a elaboração do Mapa de Riscos. Como suporte teórico, foram abordados conceitos e pressupostos relacionados às doenças do trabalho e sua relação com riscos ocupacionais, contextualizando-os com a configuração do mundo do trabalho em saúde, sua organização e processo laboral, assim como as vivências de prazer e sofrimento que podem alterar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de natureza qualitativa. Os sujeitos foram 40 trabalhadores de enfermagem, incluindo enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação não participante, aplicados entre março/abril e junho/setembro de 2011, respectivamente. E cruzando as informações coletadas a partir dos dois instrumentos, buscou-se captar dados que possibilitasse a elaboração do Mapa de Risco dos setores com mais problemas em termos de deixar vulnerável a saúde dos trabalhadores, sendo elaborado Mapa de Risco da UCAMB e da CME. Enfatiza-se que houve assinatura prévia do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e que a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto sob número de protocolo 2528. O método de análise escolhido foi do tipo: análise temática de conteúdo, o qual possibilitou o surgimento de três categorias: riscos ocupacionais visíveis e invisíveis para o trabalhador de enfermagem; o processo de adoecimento do trabalhador no e pelo trabalho; melhorias das condições de trabalho: contribuições para proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores. Os resultados evidenciaram que o risco mais freqüentemente revelado foi de acidente, principalmente por materiais perfurocortantes, seguidos de exposição aos riscos biológicos. Porém, houve sujeitos que não perceberam a presença dos riscos ou reduziam a gravidade dos mesmos para o processo saúde-doença. As repercussões dos riscos ocupacionais no corpo dos trabalhadores foram identificadas como: estresse, varizes e distúrbios osteomusculares. Algumas sugestões elaboradas pelos sujeitos para a melhoria das condições de trabalho foram: realização de reformas estruturais, modernização dos equipamentos, incremento quantitativo dos recursos humanos, melhoria na organização do trabalho, implementação de um Núcleo da Saúde do Trabalhador. Considera-se que os objetivos deste estudo foram atingidos, no entanto, existe a clareza de que há muito a ser pesquisado sobre riscos ocupacionais e suas repercussões nos trabalhadores, assim como as intervenções necessárias para a prevenção e promoção da saúde do trabalhador. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas, como também repensar nas estratégias de ensino de formação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, e também se faz relevante a participação da categoria em movimentos sociais para a construção de políticas públicas nesta área. / The investigation object of this study approaches the impact of workplace at nursing worker's health at a specialized ambulatory unit in Rio de Janeiro city. The objectives were: to identify occupational hazard at the workplace of nursing workers in such study site; to describe nurses perception about impacts of occupational hazards in their health; to analyze their workplace in order to identify risk factors which negatively interfere in health; to propose prevention measures in order to minimize negative impacts in their health, highlighting the elaboration of a Risk Map. As theoretical support concepts and conjectures were approached related to labor disease and its relation to the occupational hazards, contextualizing them with the configuration at the universe of health work, its organization and the labour process, as well as experiences of pleasure and suffering that can alter workers health conditions. The study was supported by Taylors current labor concepts, seeking to understand transformations that occurred at the work process, as well as experiences such as suffering-pleasure generated at work. It is a descriptive-exploratory research type, qualitative nature, developed at PPC, after approval from Ethics Committee. The subjects were 40 nursing professionals, including nurses, technicians and aid nurses. Sample tools were semi-structured interviews and non participant observation, applied between march/april and june/september, 2011 respectively. And crossing information sampled from two tools, in order to obtain data it turned possible the elaboration of the Risk Map from the part of sectors concentrating more problems in terms of letting vulnerable workers' health, and it has elaborated UCAMB and CME Risk Map. It's important to highlight that there was previous signature from the Informed Consent and this research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Pedro Ernesto Hospital under protocol number 2528. The analysis method chosen was thematic content analysis, which has given rise to three categories: occupational hazards which are visible and invisible to the nursing worker; the process of disease in the worker because of work; improvement in working conditions: contributions in order to protect worker's health. Results have evidenced that the most frequently revealed risk was of accident, mainly by sharps injury material, followed by exposure to biological risks. However, there were subjects who didn't realize the presence of such risks because of misled view of ambulatory environment, by lack of critical view of work process and by bluntness of its critical and analysis ability due to excess of work. The repercussion of occupational hazards at the workers bodies were identified as stress, osteomuscular varicose veins disorders. Workers have pointed out some suggestions in terms of working conditions improvement, namely: accomplishment of new structure reformation, equipment update, quantitative human resources improvement, working organization improvement, implementation of Worker's Health Center. We consider that the objectives of this study were properly achieved, however, its clear that there is much more to be investigated concerning to occupational hazards and its repercussion on workers, as well as necessary intervention to prevent and promote workers health. It's also necessary a continuous investment on the development of scientific activities must be highlighted, once its important to have positive paradigmatic changes in nursery research. New researches can be suggested, as well as rethinking nursing formation teaching strategies, and it is also relevant to obtain participation from the part of the category into social actions towards the construction of public policies in this field.

El Perú es un país que se encuentra localizado en cinturón de fuego, zona donde ocurren el 90% de las actividades sísmicas del mundo, ocasionando pérdida de vidas humanas y pérdidas materiales, por lo que es necesario tomar las precauciones para salvaguardar el bienestar de la población que vive en estas zonas. En Perú existen dos placas que se encuentran en la subsuelo del océano pacifico, la placa de nazca (oceánica) que ocupa una gran parte del océano pacifico y cuyo borde colisiona con la placa sudamericana (continental) originando un proceso de convergencia de la placa de Nazca por debajo de la Placa Sudamericana originando sismos pueden dar origen a tsunamis. Este trabajo de investigación contempla la simulación de tsunamis de diferentes magnitudes históricas: 8.2 Mw (Lima –Callao 1940) y 8.5 Mw (Japon-2011) con las que se obtuvieron dos escenarios de tsunami de estudio para el distrito de Ancón. Cuyo epicentro de sismo fue tomado en 11°32'7.65"S, 77°46'17.31"O a 70 km de la costa del Distrito de Ancón, del cual partimos los siguientes resultados: Tiempo de llegada de la primera ola para los dos escenarios, cálculo de la altura máxima de la ola empleando las formulas empíricas de Yamaguchi y Silgado. Obteniendo como resultado la probabilidad del daño con las curvas de fragilidad de Dichato y American Samoa esto en relación al tipo de material predominante de la zona de estudio. Todos los resultados que se obtuvo con la plataforma S.I.G fueron representados en mapas y diagramas estadísticos. De los cuales podemos decir que en el distrito de Ancón para los dos escenarios se obtuvieron resultados para poder planificar y mitigar los efectos que trae consigo un tsunami haciendo conocer el probable comportamiento del tsunami mostrando en los mapas cuales son las áreas que serán afectadas con los cuales se podrá tomar planes de contingencia. Peru is a country that is located in the Ring of Fire, an area where 90% of the world's seismic activity occur, causing life's human and property losses, making it necessary to take precautions to safeguard the welfare of the people living in these areas. In Peru there are two plaques found in the subsoil of the Pacific Ocean, the Nazca plate (oceanic) that occupies a large part of the Pacific Ocean and whose edge collides with the South American plate (continental) causing a process of convergence of the Nazca plate under the South American plate, causing earthquakes that may give rise to tsunamis. This research involves the simulation of tsunamis from different historical magnitudes: 8.2 Mw (Lima -Callao 1940) and 8.5 MW (Japan, 2011). We obtained two study tsunami scenarios for the district of Ancon. The epicenter of the Earthquake was taken in 11°32'7.65"S, 77°46'17.31"W at 70 km from the coast district of Ancon, of these we assume the following results: Time of arrival of the first sea wave for the two scenarios, calculation of the max height of the sea wave using empirical formulas of Yamaguchi and Silgado. Obtaining as a result the likelihood of damage with the fragility's curves of Dichato and American Samoa in relation to this type of predominant material of the study area. All the results obtained with the GIS platform , were represented in maps and statistical charts. In the two scenarios of the district of Ancon were obtained results to plan and mitigate the effects that brings a tsunami, making known the likely behavior of the tsunami, this work shows the maps the areas that will be affected and these could have contingency plans.

La presente tesi di dottorato affronta il tema della gestione dei rischi che ha assunto sempre maggiore importanza nella vita dell'impresa. E'importante per tutti gli stakeholder, dai dipendenti agli azionisti, comprendere quale sia il trade - off tra rischio e rendimento potenziale poiché la mancata identificazione dei rischi e la loro non corretta gestione può compromettere la capacità dell'impresa di raggiungere i propri obiettivi. Dopo aver introdotto il concetto di rischio, la tesi si sofferma sul modello dell'Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) e sui benefici associati al suo utilizzo. In particolare l'attenzione viene posta sull'importanza, all'atto di un'operazione di natura straordinaria, quale un'acquisizione o la quotazione su mercati regolamentati, della valutazione dei rischi e delle risposte che l'organizzazione pone in essere. Viene illustrato il processo di due diligence e, in particolare, la due diligence assicurativa e di risk management viene indicata quale valido strumento per comprendere quali siano i rischi a cui un'impresa è esposta e come essa li gestisca. In conclusione, vengono descritte alcune soluzioni (i.e. assicurazione delle representation & warranty, assicurazione della responsabilità da prospetto informativo, assicurazioni ambientali) utilizzabili dall'impresa, durante una transazione, per mitigare il proprio profilo di rischio trasferendo particolari rischi a mercati assicurativi specializzati. / This thesis outlines the importance that risk management is getting in the life of organizations. Stakeholders, ranging from employees to investors, must understand how to quantify the tradeoffs of risk against the potential return, because the failure to identify and manage the essential nature of risk can have consequences on the possibility for an organization to achieve its objectives. After introducing the concept of risk, it is analyzed the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach and the benefits for companies that decide to adopt it. In particular there is a focus on its importance in some circumstances in the life of an organization and it is shown how evaluation of risk profile and responses can be critical in mergers and acquisitions, public offer of securities and other corporate finance decisions. Due diligence process and, in particular, risk management and insurance due diligence is described as an effective instrument to understand to what risks a company is exposed to and how it manages them. In conclusion, some transaction solutions (i.e. representations & warranties insurance, public offering of securities insurance, environmental solutions) - that can be used to mitigate the company risk profile, transferring some risks to specialized insurance markets - are illustrated.

Orientador: Ricardo Carlos Cordeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T15:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mafra_AnaCarolinaCintraNunes_D.pdf: 19877794 bytes, checksum: a74a4b2bf9bccffacddd691b458d1fd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A busca em compreender determinados fenômenos epidemiológicos muitas vezes envolve uma ferramenta denominada análise espacial do risco. O estudo do espaço em que ocorrem determinados desfechos permite ao pesquisador considerar informações não coletadas através de questionários ou prontuários médicos. Também insere questões sobre o que faz com que determinada área dentro da região de estudo se associe com maior risco ou proteção para o desfecho estudado. Existem muitos métodos para obter análises espaciais do risco, como os modelos aditivos generalizados, que permitem incluir nestas análises outras informações de interesse dos indivíduos estudados. Porém, atualmente, os estudos epidemiológicos que consideram a distribuição espacial do risco são analisados apenas com desfechos dicotômicos como, por exemplo, quando se classifica o indivíduo em doente ou não-doente. Esta é uma limitação que este trabalho visa superar ao apresentar um processo analítico da distribuição espacial do risco quando se tem uma variável resposta multinomial. Além de apresentar esta nova ferramenta, este trabalho analisou dois desfechos epidemiológicos: o primeiro é proveniente de um estudo caso-controle sobre acidentes de trabalhado na cidade de Piracicaba em que a resposta foi: casos graves, casos leves ou controles; outra ilustração provém de um estudo transversal sobre criadouros de mosquitos no Distrito Sul de Campinas, onde se encontrou muitos criadouros, poucos criadouros ou nenhum criadouro. Primeiramente, faz-se necessária uma discussão sobre a adequação de cada modelo multinomial a alguns estudos epidemiológicos. Também se discute a escolha de um entre diversos modelos multinomiais e apresenta-se a maneira de interpretar os resultados da análise. Para tornar este método acessível a outros pesquisadores, são apresentadas funções computacionais para o processo analítico / Abstract: The search for understanding some epidemiological phenomena often involves an tool called spatial analysis of risk. The study of space in which certain outcomes occur allows the researcher to consider information that can not be collected through questionnaires or medical records. It also puts questions about what makes a certain area within the study region was associated with greater risk or protection for the outcome studied. Many techniques are used for this kind of study as the generalized additive models that fit the spatial analysis of the risk with others informations of interest. But now, epidemiological studies that consider the spatial distribution of risk are analyzed only with dichotomous outcomes, such as when it classifies the individual in case or control. This is a limitation that this study aims to overcome when presenting an analytical process of the spatial distribution of risk when you have a multinomial response variable. In addition to presenting this new tool, this study analyzed two outcomes: first, from a case-control study of precarious workers in the city of Piracicaba in which the response was: severe cases, mild cases or controls. Another illustration comes from a cross-sectional study on mosquito breeding sites in the Southern District of Campinas, where we met many breeding sites, few or no breeding sites. First, it is necessary a discussion on the appropriateness of each multinomial model to some epidemiological studies. It also discusses the choice of one among several multinomial models and shows the way to interpret the results of the analysis. We present the computational functions for the analytical process to make this method accessible to other researchers / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VirgilioMoraisRenno-Dissertacao.pdf: 1063928 bytes, checksum: 3d5fdb1a5e11e796c27cba685ec600e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Brazil is among the six countries with the highest indices of fatal occupational accidents. One of the social rights of Brazilian workers, established in the 1988 Constitution, is the right to the reduction of work accident risks by virtue of health, hygiene and security norms. So, it is necessary to know the environmental risks of the various workplaces with the purpose of guaranteeing the most fundamental human right the right to life. This paper analyzes the occupational risks of the employees of a waste and composting plant in Turvolândia, a town of 4,608 inhabitants in the south of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from August 2008 to August 2009. Analyses of residues handled in the selection site determined the chemical composition of the organic matter and the possible microbiological risks of the samples. The gravimetric characteristics of the material was assessed by separating paper and cardboard, metal, plastic, glass, organic matter and refuse. The levels of noise, illumination, humidity and temperature were measured in the work setting. The workers use of PPE (personal protection equipment) and posture adequation were observed during work. The physical arrangement of the facilities, and the protective and conservative conditions of the equipment were analyzed concerning mechanical risks, and likewise the storing conditions of the processed material and of the security system against fire. The qualification and quantification of occupational risks were done by means of check lists, with technical parameters, tables and calculations, according with Iida (2006), NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health USA), the Regulatory Norms (NRs) of the Ministry of Labor and Employment, and the Ergonomic Analysis of Labor . It was found out that the Sorting and Composting Plant did not meet labor norms, being classified as environmental risk of level 3 , according with the National Classification of Economic Activities established by NR-4, what means high risk of the workers contamination by chemical and biological agents, in addition to their exposure to ergonomic, mechanical and physical risks. It was also noted that the workers did not use the PPE recommended for the type of work they were doing, according with the Ministry of Labor and Employment regulatory rules for labor safety. As a result of the analyses, a Risk Map of the business was drawn, based on the appendix IV of the NR-5, identifying the different production sectors. The Risk Map was made available as a contribution to the programs for occupational accident reduction in that workplace under the responsibility of the municipal public power. / O Brasil encontra-se entre os seis países com os maiores índices de acidentes ocupacionais de ocorrências fatais. Um dos direitos sociais dos trabalhadores brasileiros instituídos pela Constituição da República de 1988 é o direito à redução dos riscos decorrentes do trabalho, por meio de normas de saúde, higiene e segurança. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário conhecer os riscos ambientais que incidem sobre os mais variados ambientes laborais e apontar soluções visando à tutela desse direito fundamental do ser humano que é o direito à vida. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os riscos ocupacionais a que estavam expostos os trabalhadores na usina de triagem e compostagem de resíduos sólidos em Turvolândia MG, município com 4.608 habitantes, no sul de Minas Gerais, no período entre agosto de 2008 e agosto de 2009. Através de análises dos resíduos manipulados no centro de triagem, foram determinados os componentes químicos da matéria orgânica e os possíveis riscos microbiológicos relativos às amostras analisadas. Foram realizadas caracterizações gravimétricas do material mediante a separação de papéis e papelões, metais, plásticos, vidros, matéria orgânica e rejeitos. Foram medidos os níveis de ruído, iluminação, umidade e temperatura no ambiente laboral, bem como foram observadas a utilização de EPIs e a adequação postural por parte dos trabalhadores ao longo de suas jornadas de trabalho. Em relação à avaliação dos riscos mecânicos, foram analisados o arranjo físico das instalações, as condições de proteção dos equipamentos e seu estado de conservação. Foram analisadas as condições de armazenamento dos materiais processados e dos sistemas de segurança contra incêndios. A qualificação e quantificação dos riscos ocupacionais foram feitas por meio de check lists, através das quais aplicaram-se parâmetros técnicos, tabelas e cálculos, conforme recomendado por Iida (2005), NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health USA) e pelas Normas Regulamentadoras (NRs) do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Foi aplicada também a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho . Constatou-se que a Usina de Triagem e Compostagem não atendia às normas trabalhistas e enquadrava-se como grau 3 de risco ambiental conforme a Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas instituída pela NR-4, portanto, possuindo alto risco de contaminação dos trabalhadores por agentes químicos e biológicos, além da exposição a riscos ergonômicos, mecânicos e físicos. Foi constatado, também, que os operários não utilizavam os EPIs recomendados para o tipo de trabalho desenvolvido, conforme estabelecem as normas regulamentadoras de segurança do trabalho do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Como resultado das análises, foi confeccionado o Mapa de Riscos do empreendimento, com base no anexo IV da NR-5, identificando os diferentes setores de produção. O Mapa de Riscos foi disponibilizado como subsídio aos programas de redução dos acidentes ocupacionais naquele ambiente de trabalho sob a responsabilidade do poder público municipal.

Improving Sinkhole Mapping Using LiDAR Data and Assessing Road Infrastructure at Risk in Johnson City, TN. Kingsley Fasesin1, Dr. Ingrid Luffman 1, Dr. Eileen Ernenwein 1 and Dr. Arpita Nandi1 1 Department of Geosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN; Abstract Predicting infrastructure damage and economic impact of sinkholes along roadways requires mapping of sinkhole distribution and development of a model to predict future occurrences with high accuracy. The study is carried out to define the distribution of sinkholes in Johnson City, TN and risks they pose to roads in the city. The study made use of a 2.5 ft Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data acquired from Tennessee Geospatial clearing house (TNGIS) and an inventory of known sinkholes identified from topographic maps. Depressions were identified using the LiDAR-derived DEM by subtracting a filled-depressions DEM from the original study area DEM. Using a spatial join, mapped sinkholes were matched to depression polygons identified from the LiDAR-derived DEM. For all matched sinkhole-polygon pairs, three indices were calculated: circularity index, area ratio of minimum bounding rectangle, and proximity to train tracks and roads. The dataset was partitioned into training (70%) and validation (30%) subsets, and using the training dataset, thresholds for each index were selected using typical values for known sinkholes. These rules were calibrated using the 30% validation subset, and applied as filters to the remaining unmatched depression polygons to identify likely sinkholes. A portion of these suspected sinkholes were field checked. The future direction of this research is to generate a sinkhole formation model for the study area by examining the relationship between the mapped sinkhole distribution, and previously identified sinkhole formation risk factors. These factors include: proximity to fault lines, groundwater and streams; depth to bedrock; and soil and land cover type. Spatial Logistic Regression analysis will be used for model development, and results will be used to generate a sinkhole susceptibility map which will be overlain on the road network to identify the portions of interstate and state highways at risk of sinkhole destruction.