Contamination of groundwater that is suitable for drinking is of growing concern as the water supply of South Africa is becomingincreasingly limited. This is especially the case in the North West province, with its semi – arid climate and variable rainfall patterns. The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbiological and physico – chemical qualities of groundwater obtained from selected DWA (Department of Water Affairs) monitoring boreholes in the Mooi River and Harts River catchment areas. Physico -chemical parameters included temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate and nitrate concentrations. Physical parameters were measured using a calibrated submerge-able multimeter and chemical parameters using specialised kits and a spectrophotometer. Microbiological parameters included heterotrophic plate counts and total and faecal coliform enumeration. Membrane filtration and culture based methods were followed for enumeration of bacteria. During the identification procedures multiplex PCR for E. coli identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identification of heterotrophic plate count bacteria and amoeba resistant bacteria were used. For antibiotic resistance, the Kirby- Bauer (1996) disk diffusion method was used. During the warm and wet season high electrical conductivity and salinity were observed in the Trimpark (65.3 mS/m; 325 ppm), School (125.1 mS/m; 644 ppm), Warrenton (166.9 mS/m; 867 ppm) and Ganspan (83.3 mS/m; 421 ppm) boreholes. Warrenton borehole had a high sulphate level (450 mg/l) as well. High chemical oxygen demand was observed in the Blaauwbank (62 mg/l) and Warrenton (98.5 mg/l) boreholes. In the dry and cold season similar observations were made for the various boreholes. Electrical conductivity and salinity levels remained high for the Trimpark (70.1 mS/m; 427.5 ppm), School (127 mS/m; 645 ppm), Warrenton (173.3 mS/m; 896.5 ppm) and Ganspan (88.1 mS/m; 444.5 ppm) boreholes. Nitrate levels for the Trimpark (14.1 mg/l) and School (137 mg/l), as well as sulphate levels for the Warrenton (325 mg/l) borehole were also high. Total coliforms, faecal streptococci and HPC bacteria were enumerated from water samples from all boreholes, except Blaauwbank where no faecal streptococci were enumerated. Faecal coliforms were enumerated from 5 of the possible 7 boreholes during a warm and wet season (Trimpark – 42 cfu/100ml; School – 2 cfu/100ml; Cemetery – 175 cfu/100ml; Warrenton – 3.84 x 10³ cfu/100ml; Ganspan – 1.9 x 10³ cfu/100ml). Indicator bacteria (FC, TC, HPC) exceeded target water quality ranges (TWQR) for drinking water in each case. During the cold and dry sampling season, faecal coliforms were enumerated mainly from the Trimpark (11 cfu/100ml) borehole. Total coliforms, faecal streptococci and HPC bacteria were enumerated from all the boreholes, except for Blaauwbank that contained no faecal streptococci or total coliforms. Enumerated indicator bacteria levels again exceeded TWQR for domestic use. Total coliform counts for the Pad dam borehole, however, complied with TWQR for domestic use. Identified E. coli were resistant to Erythromycin, Cephalothin and Amoxicillin and susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. Escherichia coli isolated from the Mooi River catchment shared the same antibiotic resistance phenotype. The most abundant HPC bacterial genus identified was Pseudomonas spp. (7 isolates). Opportunistic pathogens isolated included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Bacillus cereus and Mycobacterium spp. Varying degrees of antibiotic resistance were observed. Generally, the same pattern between the same genera were observed. All HPC isolates were resistant to Cephalothin and Amoxicillin and a lower degree Erythromycin and Streptomycin. The most abundant amoeba resistant bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas spp. Other isolates included Alcaligenes faecalis and Ochrobactrum sp. and Achromobacter sp. All of these are opportunistic pathogens, except for Achromobacter. Resistance to more antibiotics (Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Cephalothin, and Amoxicillin) was observed in ARBs compared to HPC (Cephalothin, Amoxicillin) from bulk water from the same borehole. The water of all the aquifers sampled is of very poor physico - chemical or microbiological quality or both. Water may be used for irrigation or livestock watering only in the case where these boreholes comply with TWQR for said purposes. Results obtained indicate that the groundwater is faecally contaminated. Amongst the bacteria, opportunistic pathogens displaying various degrees of antibiotic resistance were frequently isolated. These results indicate health risks if untreated groundwater is consumed. Therefore groundwater needs to be treated before distribution especially if the water is for human consumption. / Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Contamination of groundwater that is suitable for drinking is of growing concern as the water supply of South Africa is becomingincreasingly limited. This is especially the case in the North West province, with its semi – arid climate and variable rainfall patterns. The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbiological and physico – chemical qualities of groundwater obtained from selected DWA (Department of Water Affairs) monitoring boreholes in the Mooi River and Harts River catchment areas. Physico -chemical parameters included temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate and nitrate concentrations. Physical parameters were measured using a calibrated submerge-able multimeter and chemical parameters using specialised kits and a spectrophotometer. Microbiological parameters included heterotrophic plate counts and total and faecal coliform enumeration. Membrane filtration and culture based methods were followed for enumeration of bacteria. During the identification procedures multiplex PCR for E. coli identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identification of heterotrophic plate count bacteria and amoeba resistant bacteria were used. For antibiotic resistance, the Kirby- Bauer (1996) disk diffusion method was used. During the warm and wet season high electrical conductivity and salinity were observed in the Trimpark (65.3 mS/m; 325 ppm), School (125.1 mS/m; 644 ppm), Warrenton (166.9 mS/m; 867 ppm) and Ganspan (83.3 mS/m; 421 ppm) boreholes. Warrenton borehole had a high sulphate level (450 mg/l) as well. High chemical oxygen demand was observed in the Blaauwbank (62 mg/l) and Warrenton (98.5 mg/l) boreholes. In the dry and cold season similar observations were made for the various boreholes. Electrical conductivity and salinity levels remained high for the Trimpark (70.1 mS/m; 427.5 ppm), School (127 mS/m; 645 ppm), Warrenton (173.3 mS/m; 896.5 ppm) and Ganspan (88.1 mS/m; 444.5 ppm) boreholes. Nitrate levels for the Trimpark (14.1 mg/l) and School (137 mg/l), as well as sulphate levels for the Warrenton (325 mg/l) borehole were also high. Total coliforms, faecal streptococci and HPC bacteria were enumerated from water samples from all boreholes, except Blaauwbank where no faecal streptococci were enumerated. Faecal coliforms were enumerated from 5 of the possible 7 boreholes during a warm and wet season (Trimpark – 42 cfu/100ml; School – 2 cfu/100ml; Cemetery – 175 cfu/100ml; Warrenton – 3.84 x 10³ cfu/100ml; Ganspan – 1.9 x 10³ cfu/100ml). Indicator bacteria (FC, TC, HPC) exceeded target water quality ranges (TWQR) for drinking water in each case. During the cold and dry sampling season, faecal coliforms were enumerated mainly from the Trimpark (11 cfu/100ml) borehole. Total coliforms, faecal streptococci and HPC bacteria were enumerated from all the boreholes, except for Blaauwbank that contained no faecal streptococci or total coliforms. Enumerated indicator bacteria levels again exceeded TWQR for domestic use. Total coliform counts for the Pad dam borehole, however, complied with TWQR for domestic use. Identified E. coli were resistant to Erythromycin, Cephalothin and Amoxicillin and susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. Escherichia coli isolated from the Mooi River catchment shared the same antibiotic resistance phenotype. The most abundant HPC bacterial genus identified was Pseudomonas spp. (7 isolates). Opportunistic pathogens isolated included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Bacillus cereus and Mycobacterium spp. Varying degrees of antibiotic resistance were observed. Generally, the same pattern between the same genera were observed. All HPC isolates were resistant to Cephalothin and Amoxicillin and a lower degree Erythromycin and Streptomycin. The most abundant amoeba resistant bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas spp. Other isolates included Alcaligenes faecalis and Ochrobactrum sp. and Achromobacter sp. All of these are opportunistic pathogens, except for Achromobacter. Resistance to more antibiotics (Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Cephalothin, and Amoxicillin) was observed in ARBs compared to HPC (Cephalothin, Amoxicillin) from bulk water from the same borehole. The water of all the aquifers sampled is of very poor physico - chemical or microbiological quality or both. Water may be used for irrigation or livestock watering only in the case where these boreholes comply with TWQR for said purposes. Results obtained indicate that the groundwater is faecally contaminated. Amongst the bacteria, opportunistic pathogens displaying various degrees of antibiotic resistance were frequently isolated. These results indicate health risks if untreated groundwater is consumed. Therefore groundwater needs to be treated before distribution especially if the water is for human consumption. / Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

This thesis deals with the question of whether planktonic protits of the genus Dinophysis have permanent plastids (=chloroplasts) or practice kleptoplasty, i.e. acquire plastids via predation on other microorganisms. Sequencing the plastid 16S rDNA of Dinophysis spp. collected from 4 different geographical regions unveiled two different plastid genotypes within this genera: one that was found at all locations investigated, identical to that of the free-living cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia, and another found only in the Greenland Sea, closely related to that of the cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila. Both types were found within the species D. acuminata. These findings imply that the plastids in Dinophysis spp. were not inherited from a common ancestor, but acquired from feeding. By using flow cytometry in combination with an acidotrophic probe, it was shown that 71 % of the cells in a D. norvegica population in the aphotic zone of the Baltic Sea had food-vacuoles. Dinophysis used to be regarded as a primarily phototrophic organism, and this was a higher proportion of cells with food-vacuoles than reported earlier. To further study if Dinophysis needs constant refill of new plastids from the environment, a new method combining flow-cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR was developed to compare the levels of nuclear and plastid DNA in different phases of the cell-cycle. Results showed that plastid acquisition in Dinophysis was uncoupled with the cell-cycle, which is different than the pattern seen in microalgal species with permanent plastids. Furthermore, when quantitative real-time PCR combined with flow-cytometry was used to follow D. caudata cultures during a 65 days starvation/feeding experiment, the cells first went through a steady decrease in plastid DNA during starvation. In contrast, after feeding on the ciliate Myrionecta rubra, plastid DNA in starved cells increased 7-fold, thereby directly revealing the kleptoplastic behavior. The main conclusion from this thesis is that Dinophysis cells are actively taking up kleptoplastids from the ciliates on which they feed, and that kleptoplasty is an important key to understand Dinophysis ecology. Part of this thesis work has also been dedicated to the application and optimization of new methods, and it shows how quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry and molecular methods in different combinations can be used as powerful tools for the study of plankton ecology.

This thesis attempts to broaden what is known about bacterial symbionts within amoebae by the use of a number of different molecular methods. Initially a number of different amoeba strains were screened for bacterial symbionts by 16S rRNA gene PCR, then the symbionts were identified by comparative sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis. The amoeba strains containing bacterial symbionts were characterised by cell morphology, 18S rRNA gene sequencing, internal transcribed spacer sequencing and allozyme electrophoresis. Amoebae belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Ripidomyxa and Saccamoeba were identified as containing symbionts that belonged to a wide range of different bacterial genera. Relationships between bacterial symbionts and their host amoebae were analysed by the use of transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridisation using symbiont specific probes. Also described are attempts that were made to isolate and grow the bacterial symbionts outside of their host amoebae as well as experiments to try to transfer bacterial symbionts from one amoeba strain to another. Lastly the results from this study are discussed as a whole to put into perspective how they contribute to the body of knowledge of symbionts within protozoa.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-09-06T20:24:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoAndreCidral_DISSERT.pdf: 3578139 bytes, checksum: bcb8c85feab01e028e946691a0776a04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-06T23:31:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoAndreCidral_DISSERT.pdf: 3578139 bytes, checksum: bcb8c85feab01e028e946691a0776a04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T23:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoAndreCidral_DISSERT.pdf: 3578139 bytes, checksum: bcb8c85feab01e028e946691a0776a04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-15 / Os Estafilococos Coagulase Negativos (ECN) s?o microrganismos pertencentes ? microbiota normal da pele e de mucosas dos seres humanos e de animais. A maioria das infec??es causadas por ECN est?o relacionadas ao uso de dispositivos m?dicos invasivos que ao lesionar a integridade da pele servem de base para a forma??o de biofilmes, um importante fator de virul?ncia. Grande parte dos isolados de coagulase negativo s?o provenientes de hemoculturas e pontas de cateter e nos ?ltimos anos vem se tornando um grave problema no que diz respeito ? antibioticoterapia, em virtude do n?mero elevado de cepas multirresistentes descritas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar resist?ncia ? linezolida em estafilococos coagulase negativos resistentes ? meticilina isolados de ponta de cateter e hemocultura de hospitais p?blicos e privados da cidade do Natal. Os isolados bacterianos foram coletados a partir de demanda espont?nea em Hospitais P?blicos e Privados. O g?nero Staphylococcus foi confirmado atrav?s dos testes de rotina como colora??o de Gram, prova da catalase da coagulase livre. A identifica??o a n?vel de esp?cie foi realizada atrav?s de testes bioqu?micos convencionais. Algumas amostras tiveram sua identifica??o confirmada pelos sistemas VITEK 2 e MALDI-TOF. O perfil de resist?ncia aos antimicrobianos foi avaliado atrav?s da t?cnica de disco-difus?o (CLSI 2013). A Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima para vancomicina e linezolida foi determinada atrav?s do uso de E-test e a presen?a dos genes mecA e cfr foi confirmada pela t?cnica da Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase. Algumas amostras tiveram a regi?o V da subunidade 23S do gene do rRNA sequenciadas e analisadas. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram submetidas a t?cnica do PFGE para determina??o do seu pulsotipo. Dos 43 estafilococos coagulase negativos resistentes ? oxacilina inclu?dos neste estudo, 33 (77%) foram identificados como S. epidermidis, 6 (14%) como S. haemolyticus, 3 (7%) como S. homins e 1 (2%) como S. capitis. Os isolados de hemocultura representaram 86% (37) e os de ponta de cateter 14% (6). As amostras apresentaram um perfil de multirresist?ncia, uma vez que 42 dos 43 isolados apresentaram resist?ncia ? 4 ou mais classes de drogas. Todas apresentaram o gene mecA. Nenhuma amostra apresentou resist?ncia ? vancomicina. Tr?s cepas de S. hominis e duas de S. epidermidis, apresentaram resist?ncia ? linezolida com CIM variando entre 6 e 64 ?L/mL. Quando investigadas, apresentaram duas muta??es pontuais (C2190T e G2603T) na regi?o V do gene para rRNA 23S. Nenhuma destas apresentou o gene cfr. O PFGE dos S. hominis revelou a presen?a de um ?nico pulsotipo em 3 hospitais, enquanto n?o foi encontrado semelhan?a gen?tica entre os S. epidermidis. Estes achados destacam a import?ncia da vigil?ncia continuada em rela??o a resist?ncia a linezolida no g?nero Staphylococcus. / Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) belong to the normal microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. The most of the infections caused by CoNS are a serious problem, since an elevated number of multi-drug resistant strains. The objective of this study was to investigate resistance to linezolid in methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci isolates from hospitals in the city of Natal. Bacterial samples were collected from spontaneous demand from Public and Private Hospitals of the city of Natal-RN. The identification staphylococci of the species were conducted by conventional biochemical. Some Samples had the identification to the species level confirmed by automated methodologies VITEK 2? and VITEK MS?. The resistance profile was evaluated with use of the disk diffusion technique (CLSI, 2013). The MIC to vancomycin and linezolid were determined by using E-test method. The antimicrobial resistance profile was evaluated by disk diffusion technique (CLSI 2013). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration linezolid and vancomycin were determined by using E-test and the presence of the mecA gene and cfr was confirmed by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction. Some samples had the V region of the subunit 23S rRNA gene sequenced and subjected to PFGE technique for determining its pulsotype. Of the 43 coagulase negative staphylococci resistant to methicillin included in this study, 33 (77%) were identified as S. epidermidis, 6 (14%) as S. haemolyticus, 3 (7%) as S. homins and 1 (2%) as S. capitis. The catheter tip isolates accounted for 14% (6) and the blood culture 86% (37). Samples showed an alarming resistance profile, since 98% of the isolates were resistant to four or more class drugs. All were positive for mecA gene. No samples were resistant to vancomycin. Three S. hominis and two S. epidermidis exhibited linezolid resistance with MIC ranging from 6 to 64 ?L/mL. None of the samples had the cfr gene. When investigated, they showed two point mutations each (C2190T and G2603T) in the V region of the 23s rRNA gene. None of them was the cfr gene. The S.hominis of PFGE showed the presence of a single pulsotype in three hospitals, suggesting a clonal spread, while it was not found genetic similarity among S. epidermidis. These findings highlight the importance of continued vigilance of linezolid resistance in the genus Staphylococcus.

The complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA from Diuraphis noxia was obtained and characterized. The mitogenome contains a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 19 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes. A+T-rich and ?repets? regions in the same order as those of the other analyzed aphids. Comparison to mtDNAs from other Sternorrhyncha species obtained from GenBank revealed possible markers for studies on population differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and maximum likelihood confirmed the classification of Diuraphis noxia into the Aphididae.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lf_me_sjrp.pdf: 986291 bytes, checksum: e879f8c79aac66ac197646cb214878eb (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / No Brasil, o queijo Mussarela elaborado com leite de búfala, tem uma boa aceitação pelos consumidores e mercado em expansão. Entretanto, poucas são as pesquisas em âmbito nacional sobre a microbiota e influência das bactérias ácido-láticas utilizadas na produção, sobre a qualidade tecnológica deste queijo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compor um banco de culturas representativo da microbiota isolada de queijo Mussarela fabricado com leite de búfala e efetuar a caracterização das bactérias ácido-láticas (BAL). Foram realizadas três coletas em dois laticínios (Laticínios A e B), em diferentes etapas do processo de fabricação, assim como no produto acabado (queijo Mussarela e soro de conservação) recém processado e com 14 e 28 dias de estocagem. Foi feita a contagem de colônias viáveis, isolamento dos mesófilos e termófilos, caracterização morfológica por coloração de Gram e teste de catalase. Foram obtidos 313 isolados que apresentaram características de BAL. As culturas isoladas das amostras do queijo do Laticínio B foram identificadas pela técnica de RAPD e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e caracterizadas quanto à atividade acidificante, capacidade de utilizarem o citrato, atividade proteolítica e capacidade de produzirem compostos voláteis precursores de aromas. Para os dois laticínios, a população de microorganismos termófilos prevaleceu sobre os mesofilos. Os isolados foram identificados como Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A velocidade máxima de acidificação para os isolados variou de 0,0005 e 0,0305 unidades de pH por minuto após 20 min e 18 h 50 min do início do processo de fermentação, respectivamente para termófilos e mesófilos. O tempo... / In Brazil, the Mozzarella cheese prepared with buffalo milk has a good acceptance and market expansion. However, there are few national studies about microflora and influence of lactic acid bacteria, used in production, on the technological quality of this cheese. The aim this study was to compose a representative bank of the microbial cultures isolated from Mozzarella cheese produced with buffalo milk and to characterize the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Three collections were performed in two dairy (Dairy A and B) at different stages of the manufacturing process as well as the finished product (Mozzarella cheese and whey conservation) newly processed and with 14 and 28 days of storage. It was followed a count of viable colony, isolation of mesophiles and thermophiles, morphological characterization by Gram staining and catalase test. It was obtained 313 isolates that exhibited characteristics of LAB. The cultures isolated of the cheese samples of the cheese from the Dairy B were identified by RAPD and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and characterized by acidifying activity, ability to utilize citrate, proteolytic activity and ability to produce volatile compounds that are flavor precursors. At two dairies, the population of thermophilic microorganisms was higher than mesophylic. The isolates were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The top speed of acidification for the isolates ranged from 0.0005 and 0.0305 pH units per minute after 20 minutes and 18:50 of the beginning of the fermentation process, respectively for thermophiles and mesophiles. The time required to reach the pH 5.0 ranged from 4h50min to 60h the beginning of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 furlan_b_me_rcla.pdf: 3556255 bytes, checksum: b8dadd1a50eb8caa4d6eb51e31dc8f1e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O gênero Burkholderia compreende um grupo de bactérias muito diversificado, ocupando vários nichos ecológicos e possui espécies que causam doenças, mas outras espécies apresentam habilidades importantes para os ramos da agricultura, biotecnologia e do ambiente, como a biodegradação. Essas bactérias são morfologicamente semelhantes e o gênero está dividido em dezessete genomovars, onde espécies semelhantes geneticamente são agrupadas, formando o Complexo Burkholderia cepacia (CBC). Por meio de estudos moleculares do gene 16S rRNA e do gene recA foi possível fazer a classificação adequada em espécies dos 450 isolados obtidos da Terra Preta Antropogênica (TPA) e adjacentes, em quatro sítios (TPA Caldeirão Cultivado; TPA Caldeirão Capoeira; TPA Hatahara e TPA Mina-I), foram obtidos 177 isolados do gênero Burkholderia. Desses isolados, pela análise do gene 16S rRNA foi possível classificar 157 isolados ao nível de espécie e pela análise do gene recA somente 105 isolados foram classificados neste mesmo nível. Esses isolados foram utilizados no teste de biodegradação dos hidrocarbonetos. Os hidrocarbonetos poliaromáticos (HPAs) são compostos orgânicos resultantes da combustão incompleta da matéria orgânica e dos derivados de petróleo, são pouco solúveis em água e muito tóxicos para as células, por isso, não são metabolizados por muitos micro-organismos e acabam contaminando e inviabilizando os ambientes. Nos testes de biodegradação os substratos utilizados foram o naftaleno, o fenantreno e o diesel, juntamente com o indicador redox 2,6- diclorofenol-indofenol (DCPIP), que sofre descoloração (de azul para incolor) quando as células utilizam os substratos como fonte de carbono para o crescimento celular, gerando elétrons que vão reduzir o indicador. Pela análise do teste, 19 isolados degradaram o naftaleno, 16 degradaram... / The genus Burkholderia comprises a very diverse group of bacteria occupying various ecological niches and has species that cause disease, but other species have important skills to the branches of agriculture, biotechnology and the environment, as biodegradation. These bacteria are morphologically similar genus and is divided into seventeen genomovars, where genetically similar species are grouped together, forming the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). Through molecular studies of 16S rRNA and recA gene was possible to make the appropriate classification of species in 450 isolates of Terra Preta Antropogênica (TPA) and adjacent at four sites (TPA Caldeirão Cultivado; TPA Caldeirão Capoeira; TPA Hatahara e TPA Mina-I) were obtained 177 isolates of the genus Burkholderia. These isolates by 16S rRNA gene analysis was possible to classify 157 isolates to species level and the recA gene analysis only 105 isolates were classified in the same level. These isolates were used to test the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds resulting from incomplete combustion of organic matter and petroleum derivatives, are not very soluble in water and very toxic to cells, therefore, are not metabolized by many microorganisms to contaminate and render environments. In biodegradation tests the substrates used were naphthalene, phenanthrene and the diesel, along with the redox indicator 2,6- dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), who suffers discoloration (blue to colorless) when cells use the substrates as a source of carbon for cell growth, generating electrons that will reduce the indicator. By analysis of the test, 19 isolates degraded naphthalene, phenanthrene degraded the 16 and 126 degraded diesel, generating a total of 132 isolates of the genus Burkholderia that have the ability to degrade at least... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T14:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1597259 bytes, checksum: eaba4f2d4108bede1b543c3806717952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Bacteria play a fundamental role in the health of corals. The interest in the study of microorganisms associated with corals has increased since the confirmation that they can be pathogenic or mutualistic. In the coastal reefs of the State of Paraiba the cases of the pigmentation changes of scleractinian Siderastrea stellata, that probably occurs in the process of coral bleaching, are observed. The aim of this work was to analyze the density and diversity of culturable bacteria associated with healthy and with pattern pigmentation altered (pink) colonies of coral S. stellata of coral reefs of Cabo Branco, João Pessoa - PB, as well as the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of seawater in the study area over one year. Among the environmental variables (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity) of the reefs and beach water of Cabo Branco, only turbidity showed higher differences among the sites studied. The thermotolerant fecal coliforms, enterococci and Escherichia coli of seawater at the study sites were within the limits recommended for saline water class I (CONAMA 274/00). In general, the values of density of total heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio spp. were significantly higher in the seawater during the months of December, January and February. According to the results of the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was found that bacteria isolated from healthy and pink S. stellata belonged to the classes Alpha-Proteobacteria and Gamma-Proteobacteria, and the variety of genera of bacteria were very different among the isolates from the two colonies. The high percentage of Vibrio spp., bacteria that are usually related to the diseases of corals, were observed among the isolates from pink colony. / Bactérias desempenham um papel fundamental na saúde dos corais. Devido à confirmação de que elas podem ser patogênicas ou mutualistas, aumentou o interesse no estudo de microrganismos associados aos corais. Nos recifes costeiros do Estado da Paraíba observam-se casos de alteração de pigmentação no escleractíneo Siderastrea stellata, que provavelmente ocorre no processo de branqueamento de corais. Neste trabalho objetivou-se analisar a quantidade e diversidade de bactérias cultiváveis associadas ao coral S. stellata sadio e com coloração alterada (roxo) dos recifes de corais de Cabo Branco, João Pessoa PB, bem como os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos de água do mar da área estudada durante um ano. Entre as variáveis ambientais (temperatura, salinidade, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez) da água dos recifes e da praia de Cabo Branco apenas a turbidez apresentou maiores diferenças entre os locais estudados. Na base das análises de coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e enterococos foi constatado que a água dos locais analisados se enquadra dentro dos parâmetros para águas salinas de classe I (CONAMA 274/00). Em geral, os valores da densidade de bactérias totais e Vibrio spp. foram significativamente maiores em água do mar nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro. Na base de dados de sequenciamento parcial do gene RNAr 16S foi constatado que as bactérias isoladas de S. stellata sadia e roxa pertenceram ás classes de Alfa-proteobactéria e Gama-proteobactéria, sendo que a variedade dos gêneros de bactérias foi bastante distinta entre os isolados das duas colônias. Os isolados da colônia roxa apresentaram um alto percentual de Vibrio spp., que são bactérias geralmente relacionadas com as doenças de corais.

Beauveria bassiana is used in biological control against the economically significant pests. Detection of morphological and genetic polymorphism between different species and strains isolated in the natural environment is important to study the distribution and effects in the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to determine in which links are "local tribes" with ecological aspects of biological control in protected zone and assess the polymorphism of the sections by using molecular markers. Were analyzed 36 strains collected in the National Park Šumava in the Czech Republic. Polymorphism of these strains was determined according to a sequence of LSU (28S Large Subunit Ribosomal DNA). It is observed that the populations from National Park is closed, "the local tribes" because these methods can be very well characterized and compared with other strains from different parts of the Czech Republic and other countries. Populations from National Park showed no differences in polymorphism. Through this analysis, the sample Bba I101 was aligned. This preparation is re-used for bark beetle occurring in the National Park Šumava in the Czech Republic. This study was supported by grants GACR 521/08/H042, MSM 60076658-06, MGA SP/2d1/41/08.