• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 134
  • 126
  • 27
  • 14
  • 13
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 390
  • 260
  • 95
  • 67
  • 53
  • 50
  • 50
  • 42
  • 42
  • 39
  • 39
  • 31
  • 31
  • 31
  • 28
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

Bioinformatický nástroj pro klasifikaci bakterií do taxonomických kategorií na základě sekvence genu 16S rRNA / Bioinformatic Tool for Classification of Bacteria into Taxonomic Categories Based on the Sequence of 16S rRNA Gene

Valešová, Nikola January 2019 (has links)
Tato práce se zabývá problematikou automatizované klasifikace a rozpoznávání bakterií po získání jejich DNA procesem sekvenování. V rámci této práce je navržena a popsána nová metoda klasifikace založená na základě segmentu 16S rRNA. Představený princip je vytvořen podle stromové struktury taxonomických kategorií a používá známé algoritmy strojového učení pro klasifikaci bakterií do jedné ze tříd na nižší taxonomické úrovni. Součástí práce je dále implementace popsaného algoritmu a vyhodnocení jeho přesnosti predikce. Přesnost klasifikace různých typů klasifikátorů a jejich nastavení je prozkoumána a je určeno nastavení, které dosahuje nejlepších výsledků. Přesnost implementovaného algoritmu je také porovnána s několika existujícími metodami. Během validace dosáhla implementovaná aplikace KTC více než 45% přesnosti při predikci rodu na datových sadách BLAST 16S i BLAST V4. Na závěr je zmíněno i několik možností vylepšení a rozšíření stávající implementace algoritmu.
332

Unravelling the termite digestion process complexity - a multi-omics approach applied to termites with different feeding regimes

Marynowska, Martyna 24 April 2020 (has links) (PDF)
With its unique consortium of microorganisms from all domains of life, termite gut is considered one of the most efficient lignocellulose degrading systems in nature. Recently, host diet and taxonomy as well as gut microenvironmental conditions have emerged as main factors shaping microbial communities in termite guts. The aim of this thesis was to investigate this highly efficient lignocellulolytic system at holobiont level, with a particular focus on gut microbiome function and composition in relation to the host diet. As a starting point, we optimised a complete framework for an accurate termite gut prokaryote-oriented metatranscriptomics, which was at the basis of all subsequent sequencing assay designs and analyses performed in the course of the work. Afterwards, we characterised the compositions and functions of biomass-degrading bacterial communities in guts of plant fibre- and soil-feeding higher termites, proving the existence of functional equivalence across microbial populations from different termite hosts. We also showed that each termite is a reservoir of unique microorganisms and their accompanying genes. We further extended above approach to metagenomics and bacterial genomes reconstruction and we applied it to explore the process of biomass digestion in the different sections of the highly compartmented gut of soil feeding Labiotermes labralis. We showed that primarily cellulolytic activity of the termite host was restricted to foregut and midgut, while bacterial contribution was most pronounced in P1 and P3 hindgut compartments and included activities targeting broad range of lignocellulose components. Finally, we investigated the adaptation of a laboratory-maintained grass-feeding higher termite colony of Cortaritermes spp. to Miscanthus diet at host and symbiont levels. A natural system of a termite gut was shown to progressively change in composition to yield a consortium of microbes specialised in degradation of a specific biomass. Overall, the integrative omics approach proposed here provide a framework for a better understanding of a complex lignocellulose degradation by a higher termite gut system and pave a road towards its future bioprospecting. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
333

Vliv modifikací rRNA na iniciaci translace u eukaryot / Influence of rRNA modifications on translation initiation in eukaryots

Kročová, Eliška January 2013 (has links)
Modifications of ribosomal RNA are present in every livivng organism. The function of rRNA modifications could be studied only when the process of modifications was described. Currently, scientists study not only individual modifications but also the importance of global level of modifications for maturation and function of ribosome. This thesis deals with the influence of 2'-O-methylation of citidine 1639 and adenosine 100 in 18S rRNA and uridine 2729 in 25S rRNA on initiation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with special attention of translation controlled by internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Strains with deletion in genes snR51, snR70 and duoble deletion in both genes were successfully created during my master study. Pilot experiments showed the importance of products of both genes in translation initiation.
334

Identifying Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) through the Nasal Microbiome

Ruth Eunice Centeno Martinez (10716147) 30 April 2021 (has links)
<p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic issue in the dairy and beef cattle industry. Also, there are multiple risk factors that make an animal susceptible to BRD and it's diagnosis and treatment is a challenge for producers. Four bacterial species, <em>Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, </em>and<em> Mycoplasma bovis</em> have been associated with BRD mortalities. Hence, this study aims to characterize the cattle nasal microbiome as a potential additional diagnostic method to identify animals suspected to have a lung infection. Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to determine the bacterial load of these four bacterial pathogens in the nasal microbiome of apparently healthy (N=75) and (N=58) affected by BRD Holstein steers. We then sought to identify a value or equation that could be used to discriminate between BRD and healthy animals using a Linear Discriminant Model (LDA). Additionally, co-occurrence between commensal bacterial and BRD-pathogens were also identified. Cattle diagnosed with BRD presented lower richness, evenness and phylogenetic diversity than healthy pen-mates. Bacterial species and genera <em>Truperella pyrogenes </em>and <em>Bibersteina</em> were increased in the BRD group, and the species <em>Mycoplasma bovirhinis</em> and <em>Clostridium sensu stricto</em> increased in the healthy group. Prevalence of <em>H. somni </em>(98%)<em> </em>and <em>P. multocida </em>(97%) were the highest regardless of disease diagnosis in all the samples. Prevalence of <em>M. haemolytica </em>(81 vs. 61%) and<em> M. bovis </em>(74 vs. 50.7%) were higher in the BRD group. The bacterial density of <em>M. haemolytica</em> and<em> M. bovis </em>was also higher in the BRD group, whereas <em>Histophilus somni</em> was lower in the BRD group. Five different models were tested using LDA, and one model produced a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 81% agreement with diagnosis based on animal symptoms. Co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that the nasal microbiome members are more likely to interact with each other than associations between BRD-pathogens and nasal microbiome members. This study offers insight into the BRD-pathogens prevalence and difference in nasal microbiome between healthy and BRD animals and provides a potential platform for future studies and potential pen-side diagnostic testing.</p>
335

Veränderungen in der fäkalen Mikrobiota im Verlauf einer zweijährigen energiereichen Fütterung bei Pferden und Ponys

Langner, Katharina 04 May 2022 (has links)
Einleitung Adipositas und die damit verbundenen Erkrankungen wie Hyperlipidämie, Insulindysregulation und Hufrehe stellen ein großes gesundheitliches Problem domestizierter Pferde und Ponys dar. Besonders Ponys, die als „leichtfuttrig“ gelten, sind öfter von Adipositas und den damit verbundenen Erkrankungen betroffen. Aktuelle Untersuchungen der intestinalen Mikrobiota bei Mäusen, Menschen und Pferden deuten darauf hin, dass es einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Mikrobiota und der Gewichtsentwicklung gibt und bei adipösen Individuen eine andere Zusammensetzung der Mikrobiota als bei normalgewichtigen Individuen vorliegt. Untersuchungen zu den Veränderungen der fäkalen equinen Mikrobiota während einer mehrmonatigen Gewichtszunahme bei Pferden und Ponys fehlen. Ziele der Untersuchungen Zweck der vorliegenden Studie war die Überprüfung der Effekte einer zweijährigen energiereichen Fütterung auf die fäkale Mikrobiota bei Pferden und Ponys. Dabei sollten folgende Hypothesen geprüft werden: (1) Die equine fäkale Mikrobiota verändert sich im Laufe der Gewichtszunahme hin zu einer Zusammensetzung wie sie für adipöse Individuen beschrieben ist. (2) Ponys besitzen eine andere Zusammensetzung der fäkalen Mikrobiota als Pferde. Tiere, Material und Methoden Zehn Shetlandponys (Alter 6 ± 3 Jahre) und zehn Warmblutpferde (Alter 10 ± 3 Jahre) erhielten zwei Jahre 200 % ihres Erhaltungsbedarfs an umsetzbarer Energie. Monatlich wurde der Energiebedarf an die aktuelle Körpermasse (KM) angepasst. Die Ration bestand zu 60 % aus Heu und zu 40 % aus einem Ergänzungsfutter (Rohprotein 13,4 %, Rohfett 14,4 %, Rohfaser 9,8 %, stickstofffreie Extraktstoffe 54,3 %). Morphometrische Daten (Body Condition Score (BCS), Cresty neck score (CNS) und Körpermasse (KM) wurden wöchentlich erfasst. Kotproben wurden 5 (t1), 11 (t2) und 23 (t3) Monate nach Beginn der energiereichen Fütterung bei den Pferden und Ponys gewonnen. Aus den Kotproben wurde die DNA extrahiert und die V3-V4 Region auf der 16S rRNA wurde mittels PCR vervielfältigt. Die PCR Produkte wurden mit Ilumina MiSequ sequenziert. Die Sequenzierungsdaten wurden mit FROGS ausgewertet und zur Beurteilung der Zusammensetzung der fäkalen Mikrobiota wurden die Diversität mittels Shannon und Simpson Index sowie das beobachtete Artenreichtum kalkuliert. Die Konzentrationen der gesamten kurzkettigen Fettsäuren (SCFA) sowie von Azetat, Propionat, Butyrat, Isobutyrat, Valerat und Isovalerat wurden mittels flüssig Gaschromatographie bestimmt. Der Laktatgehalt im Kot wurde mittels enzymatisch kolorimetrischer Messung ermittelt. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit der Software Statistica ©. Der Zeiteffekt wurde mit einer Friedmanns ANOVA und anschließendem Wilcoxen Rangsummentest mit Bonferroni Korrektur ermittelt. Für die Rasseneffekte wurde ein Mann- Whitney- U Test verwendet. Das Signifikanzniveau lag bei p < 0,05. Ergebnisse KM, BCS und CNS stiegen signifikant während der zweijährigen hochkalorischen Fütterung an. Beim Pony kam es zu einem Anstieg des Phylums Firmicutes (p = 0,025) zwischen t2 und t3 und bei beiden Rassen wurde ein signifikanter Anstieg des Phylums Actinobacteria in der fäkalen Mikrobiota zwischen t1 und t3 beobachtet. Bei Pferden konnte während der größten Gewichtszunahme zwischen t1 und t2 ein Abfall des Phylums Fibrobacteres (p = 0,028) beobachtet werden. In der fäkalen Mikrobiota der Ponys zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg des Phylums Proteobacteria zwischen t1 und t2, gefolgt von einem Abfall zwischen t2 und t3. Der einzige signifikante Unterschied zwischen der fäkalen Mikrobiota der Pferde und der Ponys zum Zeitpunkt t1 war ein vermehrtes Vorkommen der Familie F082 in der fäkalen Mikrobiota der Ponys. Zum Zeitpunkt t2 wurde das Phylum Proteobacteria seltener in der Mikrobiota der Ponys beobachtet (p = 0,01). Die größten Unterschiede in der fäkalen Mikrobiota von Pferden und Ponys konnten zum Zeitpunkt t3 beobachtet werden. Dort kam das Phylum Fibrobacteres (p = 0,026) häufiger in der fäkalen Mikrobiota der Pferde vor und 5 Bakterienfamilien unterschieden sich signifikant in ihrem Vorkommen bei Pferden und Ponys.Während der größten Gewichtszunahme zwischen t1 und t2 zeigte sich ein signifikanter Abfall in der Artenvielfalt in der fäkalen Mikrobiota der Ponys. Im Kot der Pferde konnten, verglichen mit dem der Ponys, signifikant höhere SCFA Konzentrationen gemessen werden: t1: Isobutyrat, t2: Isobutyrat und Azetat und t3: gesamt SCFA, Propionat und Isovalerat. Zwischen t1 und t2 zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der Laktat Konzentration in den Fäzes der Pferde und Ponys, der bei den Pferden anschließend von einem Abfall zwischen t2 und t3 begleitet wurde. Schlussfolgerungen Während der energiereichen Fütterung konnte ein Abfall der Artenvielfalt sowie Änderungen in den Phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria und Fibrobacteres beobachtet werden. Unterschiede in der Mikrobiota von Pferden und Ponys konnten vor allem gegen Ende der 23-monatigen hochkalorischen Fütterung beobachtet werden. Während beim Pony die Bakterienfamilien F082, Bacteroidales UCG- 001, Rikenellaceae und Ruminococcaceae vermehrt in der fäkalen Mikrobiota auftraten, kam beim Pferd das fibrolytischen Phylum Fibrobacteres und die fibrolytische Familie Fibrobacteraceae sowie verschiedene SCFAs häufiger vor. Dies könnte ein Hinweis auf eine verbesserte Faserfermentation der Pferde sein. Die funktionellen Konsequenzen dieser Mikrobiota Verschiebungen sollten zukünftig über Metabolomanalysen weiter abgeklärt werden.
336

The impact of the estrous cycle on the vaginal microbiota and its association to pregnancy rates in dairy cows

Giroux, Adèle 03 1900 (has links)
Plusieurs recherches ont été conduites pour déterminer les phases du cycle œstrus chez les vaches. Toutefois, peu est connue de leur microbiote vaginal. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer la composition du microbiote vaginal de vaches laitières durant les quatre phases du cycle œstrus, pour détecter son impact sur la fertilité de ces vaches. Cette information nous permettra d’un jour manipuler le microbiote vaginal d’autres vaches afin d’améliorer leur taux de fécondité. Vint-et- une vaches Holstein multipares de la même ferme ont subi l’insémination artificielle (IA) suite à la détection du début des chaleurs. Quatre frottis vaginaux ont été faits aux jours 1,3,15 et 19 du cycle. Au jour 31, une échographie a confirmé que neuf vaches étaient enceintes. Les données ont ensuite été analysées avec avec le séquençage rRNA 16S de la région hypervariable V4. Les résultats ont montré une prédominance nette de certains embranchements bactériens. Les firmicutes, bacteroidetes et protéobacteéries composait plus de 80% de la population microbiotique vaginale avec certaines fluctuations importantes. Une analyse statistique a déterminé qu’il y a eu des changements significatifs entre l’œstrus et le proestrus chez les vaches qui ne sont pas devenues enceintes de (P=0.028), et entre l’œstrus et le dioestrus chez les vaches enceintes de (P=0.043). Cette recherche est un premier pas important dans l’identification du microbiote vaginal et son impact possible sur la santé vaginale et la fertilité de vaches laitières. Cette recherche pourrait contribuer aux études futures tentant d’améliorer la fécondité bovine avec la manipulation du microbiote vaginal. / A great deal of research has been done on the four phases of the estrous cycle in cows, yet very few studies exist regarding their vaginal microbiota. This study explored the various differences in the vaginal microbiota in pregnant and non-pregnant multiparous Holstein dairy cows. This information will allow us to see what a healthy vaginal microbiota looks like in pregnant cows and to someday try to achieve similar microbiomes in other cows to aid in fertility issues on farms. The objective of this study is to investigate variations in microbiota populations during the estrous cycle and their possible association with pregnancy rates using next generation sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows on the same farm underwent artificial insemination (AI) after estrous detection. Vaginal swabs were collected four times, on days: 1 (before AI), 3, 15, and 19. Ultrasonography performed at day 31 confirmed that 9 cows became pregnant. A clear predominance of certain phyla was found, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria making up over 80% of the vaginal microbiota composition throughout, with notable variations between individuals. Differences in beta-diversity (community composition) that were proven statistically significant were between the estrus- proestrus phases in non-pregnant cows (P=0.028) and between the estrus and diestrus phase in pregnant cows at (P=0.043). These findings are a clear first step in identifying possible beneficial vaginal microbiota in pregnant cows that may help to determine how to proceed in manipulating other cows’ vaginal microbiota that have suffered from reproductive failure in the past.
337

Change in the Structure of Soil Microbial Communities in Response to Waste Amendments

Buckley, Elan January 2020 (has links)
Soil microbial communities are affected extensively by addition of amendments to their environment. Of particular concern is the addition of poultry litter, which contains a substantial C, energy, and nutrient supply, but also antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), antimicrobials, and a multitude of microbial species. This project seeks to primarily assess if there is a change in bacterial community structure in response to poultry litter amendments to pasture land across geographically independent land across northern Georgia. It may be that changes in the relative abundance of bacterial communities also result in alteration in ARGs, and the community resistance to antibiotics (“resistome”) which in turn increases the potential threat of antibiotic resistance genes. While another part of this study will determine changes in integrons and specific ARGs, this project will focus on changes in bacterial communities and the potential functional changes in the community, which in turn have consequences for ARG levels and its horizontal transfer to various members of the soil community. Addition of waste from livestock is a historical method for increasing nutrients needed in the soil for the cultivation of crops, and in turn causes pronounced shifts in soil microbial communities due to the addition of large amounts of carbon, nutrients, foreign microbes, and other material. This study is unique because it utilizes a novel and relatively large landscape-scale to determine if there are discernable and repeatable patterns of bacterial community structure change in response to amendment regardless of exact soil type or source of chicken litter amendment. In the future, these data can also provide insight into the changes in the relative abundance antibiotic related genes associated with community change. / M.S. / Soil is complicated, both in terms of its physical makeup and the organisms that live inside of it. Predicting changes in soil based on the addition of foreign material such as chemicals or biological waste is not an easy process, and whether or not it is even possible to reliably predict those changes is a matter of some dispute. This study is designed to illustrate that such changes can in fact be reliably and consistently predicted even with regard to the addition of complicated materials to the soil. In this study, specifically, the material in question is chicken litter. A mix of the bedding and waste produced by chickens, litter is commonly handled by composting and is added to soil in farms as a fertilizer rich in organic matter. It is possible to point at specific elements of the soil such as the chemistry and bacteria and see how it is changed with the addition of chicken litter, which allows us to determine the nature and extent of the change that chicken litter has on soil. This study is conducted on a larger scale than similar experiments conducted in the past, making it apparent that these relationships exist on a repeated basis. It is the object of this study to pave the way and make it easier for scientists in the future to determine these relationships in other unique contexts.
338

The Effect of Mismatch Primers on the Efficiency of Amplification in Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reactions

Dawkins, Molly C 01 January 2018 (has links)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method used in many research protocols to amplify a small amount of a short segment of DNA to millions of copies. PCR is used for many taxonomic studies, as well as for some medical diagnostic procedures. Through PCR, short DNA primers bind to the template DNA to allow the thermostable DNA polymerase to copy the DNA. Often, researchers create universal primers to target a conserved region of DNA in multiple species, for example, the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria. The problem with these universal primers is that they do not always perfectly match the target DNA. The mismatch primers can still bind to the template, but could affect the efficiency of the PCR amplification. The effect of mismatch primers on the efficiency of the amplification in PCR is the focus of this thesis. Four forward primers with various mismatch overhangs were generated and incorporated into a DNA template through an initial PCR. These primers contained the binding region complementary to the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. Further quantitative PCR (qPCR) reactions were run on these newly-made templates using two sets of primers complementary to the 16S rRNA gene region – one with ambiguous base pairs, one with unambiguous base pairs. The qPCR amplification curves, the Cq values, and the initial concentrations of DNA products (seed values) were analyzed and compared. The results showed differences in the Cq values and seed values between the reactions containing mismatches and those not containing mismatches. Other variables including annealing temperature, addition of Illumina sequencing tails to the primers, and initial primer concentration were also tested to determine if these variables had an effect on the amplification. The results from these reactions using different variables were inconclusive.
339

Genomic analysis of ribosomal DNA and its application to the investigation of disease pathogenesis

Zentner, Gabriel Etienne January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
340

DISPERSAL CAPABILITIES OF TWO PLECOPTERAN SPECIES AND MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY FROM FOUR WATERSHEDS IN NORTHEAST OHIO.

Yasick, Alison L. 31 July 2014 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0199 seconds