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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amauri Massochin.pdf: 2162523 bytes, checksum: 1086fc60e1a5e4eea08a44f62d6f5e16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-27 / The main goal of this dissertation was to verify, through sampling, is the service technical standard adopted at the biggest rural electrification program, introduced in the state of Paraná from 1983 to 1991 in the concession area of Energy Company from Paraná COPEL, named CLIC RURAL, supplies the electric power needs of the electrified rural properties and if the electric energy introducing was able to contribute to the increase of the family income. The work was based on a field research with a questionnaire application to the farmers and the inspection of the existing technical standard. The results show the rural electrification benefits in some aspects. Social aspect: improvement on the schooling grade of the farmers and the population in a general way, the increase of the average monthly consumption per capita, significant increase on the purchasing of electrical house devices, pumping and rural equipments with the generation of direct and indirect taxes. Economical benefits are identified with the increase of electrical energy consumption by property and acquisition of electrical rural equipments and electrical rural devices. The environmental benefits can be seen through the abandon of fuels derived from oil and the existence of an environmental protection area. As a negative point, the reduction in 31% in the number of inhabitants by occupied property. According to an opinion research, 76,4% are satisfied with the power standard made available at the program introducing period. From it, 4,5% made power load increase. Yet, only 37% of the rural consumers got to increase or generate income with the electrification of their properties. It can also be noticed that the main statal concessionaire has gradually abandoned the materials used in the rural electrification standard named low cost; however it continues using the monophasis system with land return (MRT). The 70 Amps biphasis standard would be the most adequate for the researched region. But, the 50 Amps biphasis standard would be the condition minimum necessary for income generation in the property. These results aim to contribute with the public politics devisers for the universalization of the electrical power service of the consumers still in the dark spread at the rural zones. / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar por meio de amostragem se o padrão técnico de atendimento adotado no maior programa de eletrificação rural, implantado no estado do Paraná no período de 1983 a 1991, na área de concessão da Companhia Paranaense de Energia COPEL, denominado CLIC RURAL, supre as necessidades energéticas das propriedades rurais eletrificadas e se a implantação da energia elétrica foi capaz de contribuir para o aumento de renda da família. O trabalho foi fundamentado em pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de um questionário aos proprietários rurais e da inspeção do padrão técnico existente. Os resultados comprovam os benefícios da eletrificação rural sob alguns aspectos. Aspecto social: melhoria no grau de escolaridade dos responsáveis pelas propriedades e da população de uma maneira geral; aumento no consumo médio mensal de energia elétrica per capita, aumento substancial na posse de eletrodomésticos e equipamentos para bombeamento e eletrorurais com a geração de impostos direta ou indiretamente. Os benefícios econômicos são comprovados pelo aumento do consumo de energia elétrica por propriedade e pela aquisição de equipamentos eletrorurais e eletrodomésticos. Os benefícios para meio ambiente verificam-se pelo abandono de combustíveis derivados do petróleo e pela existência de área de proteção ambiental. Como ponto negativo, a redução em 31% no número de habitantes por propriedade ocupada. Segundo pesquisa de opinião, 76,4% estão satisfeitos com o padrão da entrada de serviço disponibilizado na época da implementação do programa. Desses, 4,5% fizeram aumento de carga. Ainda, somente 37% dos consumidores rurais conseguiram aumentar ou gerar renda com a eletrificação de suas propriedades. Constata-se também que a principal concessionária do estado abandonou gradativamente os materiais utilizados no padrão de eletrificação rural denominado de baixo custo, porém continua a utilizar o sistema monofásico com retorno por terra (MRT). O padrão bifásico de 70 Ampères para a entrada de serviço seria o mais adequado para a região da pesquisa. Porém, a entrada de serviço com padrão bifásico de 50 Ampères seria a condição mínima necessária para geração de renda nas propriedades. Esses resultados visam contribuir com os idealizadores de políticas públicas para a universalização do atendimento com energia elétrica dos consumidores ainda no escuro espalhados pelo campo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amauri Massochin.pdf: 2162523 bytes, checksum: 1086fc60e1a5e4eea08a44f62d6f5e16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-27 / The main goal of this dissertation was to verify, through sampling, is the service technical standard adopted at the biggest rural electrification program, introduced in the state of Paraná from 1983 to 1991 in the concession area of Energy Company from Paraná COPEL, named CLIC RURAL, supplies the electric power needs of the electrified rural properties and if the electric energy introducing was able to contribute to the increase of the family income. The work was based on a field research with a questionnaire application to the farmers and the inspection of the existing technical standard. The results show the rural electrification benefits in some aspects. Social aspect: improvement on the schooling grade of the farmers and the population in a general way, the increase of the average monthly consumption per capita, significant increase on the purchasing of electrical house devices, pumping and rural equipments with the generation of direct and indirect taxes. Economical benefits are identified with the increase of electrical energy consumption by property and acquisition of electrical rural equipments and electrical rural devices. The environmental benefits can be seen through the abandon of fuels derived from oil and the existence of an environmental protection area. As a negative point, the reduction in 31% in the number of inhabitants by occupied property. According to an opinion research, 76,4% are satisfied with the power standard made available at the program introducing period. From it, 4,5% made power load increase. Yet, only 37% of the rural consumers got to increase or generate income with the electrification of their properties. It can also be noticed that the main statal concessionaire has gradually abandoned the materials used in the rural electrification standard named low cost; however it continues using the monophasis system with land return (MRT). The 70 Amps biphasis standard would be the most adequate for the researched region. But, the 50 Amps biphasis standard would be the condition minimum necessary for income generation in the property. These results aim to contribute with the public politics devisers for the universalization of the electrical power service of the consumers still in the dark spread at the rural zones. / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar por meio de amostragem se o padrão técnico de atendimento adotado no maior programa de eletrificação rural, implantado no estado do Paraná no período de 1983 a 1991, na área de concessão da Companhia Paranaense de Energia COPEL, denominado CLIC RURAL, supre as necessidades energéticas das propriedades rurais eletrificadas e se a implantação da energia elétrica foi capaz de contribuir para o aumento de renda da família. O trabalho foi fundamentado em pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de um questionário aos proprietários rurais e da inspeção do padrão técnico existente. Os resultados comprovam os benefícios da eletrificação rural sob alguns aspectos. Aspecto social: melhoria no grau de escolaridade dos responsáveis pelas propriedades e da população de uma maneira geral; aumento no consumo médio mensal de energia elétrica per capita, aumento substancial na posse de eletrodomésticos e equipamentos para bombeamento e eletrorurais com a geração de impostos direta ou indiretamente. Os benefícios econômicos são comprovados pelo aumento do consumo de energia elétrica por propriedade e pela aquisição de equipamentos eletrorurais e eletrodomésticos. Os benefícios para meio ambiente verificam-se pelo abandono de combustíveis derivados do petróleo e pela existência de área de proteção ambiental. Como ponto negativo, a redução em 31% no número de habitantes por propriedade ocupada. Segundo pesquisa de opinião, 76,4% estão satisfeitos com o padrão da entrada de serviço disponibilizado na época da implementação do programa. Desses, 4,5% fizeram aumento de carga. Ainda, somente 37% dos consumidores rurais conseguiram aumentar ou gerar renda com a eletrificação de suas propriedades. Constata-se também que a principal concessionária do estado abandonou gradativamente os materiais utilizados no padrão de eletrificação rural denominado de baixo custo, porém continua a utilizar o sistema monofásico com retorno por terra (MRT). O padrão bifásico de 70 Ampères para a entrada de serviço seria o mais adequado para a região da pesquisa. Porém, a entrada de serviço com padrão bifásico de 50 Ampères seria a condição mínima necessária para geração de renda nas propriedades. Esses resultados visam contribuir com os idealizadores de políticas públicas para a universalização do atendimento com energia elétrica dos consumidores ainda no escuro espalhados pelo campo.

Access to electricity is a crucial component of achieving SDG 7, which aims to ensure clean energy for all. However, not all people in Botswana have access to electricity, and power generation is dominated by coal power. To address the electricity access issue, the Botswana government has implemented two programs: the Rural Electrification Programand the National Electricity Standard Connection Cost Program. This study focuses on investigating the effectiveness of these government programs, as well as the drivers of and barriers to residential rooftop solar PV. The primary aim of the study is to provide recommendations for policy makers, while also contributing to enhanced knowledge among solar PV distributors and academia. To achieve the research objectives, a field trip to Botswana was conducted to interview various stakeholders. Additionally, a literature review and ananalysis of policy documents were executed. The study’s results reveal a difference in the success of the two government programs, leading to a gap between the share of grid-connected villages and the share of people with access to electricity. Interms of residential rooftop solar PV, the study identifies numerous drivers, such as increased reliability and reduced power bills. However, there are also several barriers to residential rooftop solar PV, including a conservative mindset among decision-makers that favors coal power, lack of incentives, low affordability, social acceptance risks, lacking maintenance, and insufficient knowledge among both inhabitants and policymakers. Based on the results, the study provides recommendations for policymakers to ensure full electricity access and accelerated residential rooftop solar PV implementations. / Tillgång till el är avgörande för att uppnå SDG 7 som syftar till att säkerställa hållbar energi för alla. Samtidigt har samtliga invånare i Botswana inte tillgång till electricitet och dessutom domineras elproduktionen av kolkraft. För att överkomma problemet med tillgång till electricitet har Botswanas regering implementerat programmen Rural Elecrtification Program och National Electricity Standard Connection Cost Program.  Den här studien fokuserar på att utvärdera dessa statliga program samt på att identifiera drivkrafterna och hindren för solkraft för hushåll. Det primära syftet med studien är att ge rekommendationer till beslutsfattare. Studien ämnar även bidra till ökad kunskap bland solcellsdistributörer och den akademiska världen. För att åstadkomma detta genomfördes en studieresa till Botswana under vilken intervjuer med olika intressenter hölls. Dessutom genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en analys av policydokument.  Studiens resultat påvisar en skillnad i framgång hos de statliga programmen och att det leder till att andelen nätanslutna byar är högre än andelen invånare med tillgång till el. När det gäller solkraft för hushåll har flertalet  drivkrafter för dess implementering identifieras. Till dessa hör ökad försörjningstrygghet och minskade elräkningar. Det finns dock även många hinder för ökad implementering av solkraft för hushåll. Några av dessa är ett konservativt tankesätt bland beslutsfattare som gynnar kolkraft, brist på incitament, låg betalningsförmåga, låg grad av social acceptans, bristande underhåll samt otillräcklig kunskap bland både invånare och beslutsfattande. Baserat på resultaten presenteras rekommendationer riktade till beslutsfattare för att säkerställa att alla i Botswana har tillgång till elektricitet samt för att öka implementeringen av solkraft för hushåll i Botswana.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to inadequate financial resources and lack of managerial skills, in this case study the local level of governance does not have appropriate mechanisms to manage their resources adequately. It is observed that the Nigerian government cannot provide all basic amenities for the people at the grass-root level of development. Following the above scenario, rural communities do not have access to basic amenities such as electricity and pipe borne water. In Nigeria, little research has been done with regard to sustainable development in rural electrification. This study is based on the impact of community and individual participation in a rural electrification project, and shows how sustainable development plays a leading role. The study is based on a rural electrification project initiated and facilitated in 1996, and was completed in 2000 by the Ipari-Efugo Otukpa community members in Benue State in the North Central part of Nigeria. In spite of prevailing poverty in rural areas, Ipari-Efugo community members were able to be responsible for their own development without government intervention. The research includes literature studies of rural electrification projects and demonstrates how participation and sustainable development can lead to a successful community project. Irrespective of obstacles such as poverty and lack of economic empowerment, Ipari- Efugo community members are resilient and were able to provide electricity. Access to electricity can serve as a prerequisite for economic development and growth. The benefits accruable from the use of electricity outweigh the costs of providing the amenity to the community. Participation through sustainable development remains the core instrument responsible for the completion of the electricity project in Ipari-Efugo. This study encourages rural communities to take responsibility for their own development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van onvoldoende finansiële middele en 'n gebrek aan bestuursvaardighede, in die gevallestudie beskik die plaaslike regering nie oor die toepaslike meganismes om hulle hulpbronne na behore te bestuur nie. Boonop blyk dit dat nasionale regerings nie alle basiese geriewe aan diegene op voetsoolvlak kan voorsien nie. Die genoemde scenario impliseer dus dat landelike gemeenskappe nie toegang het tot basiese geriewe soos elektrisiteit en kraanwater nie. In Nigerië word weinig navorsing gedoen op die gebied van volhoubare ontwikkeling in landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsiening. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op die impak van gemeenskaps- en individuele deelname aan 'n landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojek, en toon hoe volhoubare ontwikkeling 'n toonaangewende rol hierin speel. Die studie spruit uit 'n landelike elektrifiseringsprojek wat in 2000 deur die gemeenskap van Ipari-Efugo Otukpa in die staat Benue in die noordelik-sentrale deel van Nigerië aangevoer en gefasiliteer is. Ondanks die heersende armoede in landelike gebiede, het lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap sonder die tussenkoms van die regering verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling aanvaar. Die navorsing sluit literatuurstudies van landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojekte in, en demonstreer hoe deelname en volhoubare ontwikkeling tot 'n suksesvolle gemeenskapsprojek kan aanleiding gee. Ongeag struikelblokke soos armoede en 'n gebrek aan ekonomiese bemagtiging, was die lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap vasberade en kon hulle uiteindelik elektrisiteit aan die gemeenskap verskaf. Toegang tot elektrisiteit kan as 'n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling en groei dien. Die voordele verbonde aan elektrisiteitsverbruik oortref uiteindelik by verre die koste verbonde aan die voorsiening van hierdie gerief aan die gemeenskap. Deelname by wyse van volhoubare ontwikkeling bly die sleutelinstrument vir die voltooiing van die elektrisiteitsprojek in Ipari-Efugo. Hierdie studie moedig landelike gemeenskappe aan om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling te aanvaar.

The expansion of the electrical grid and infrastructure is an essential part of development since it contributes to improved standard of living among the population. Solar home systems (SHS) are one solution to generate electricity for households where the national grid does not reach or is too sparsely populated to build a local mini-grid. Solar home system programs have been used as a solution for rural electrification in developing countries all over the world with various success, one of these countries is Namibia. A large fraction of the population in Namibia lacks access to electricity where most of the people live in rural areas not reached by the national electrical grid. However, several SHS clients in Namibia have been dissatisfied with their systems due to several issues regarding the service providers. Several service providers have limited technical know-how and therefore frequently over- and undersize system components and make mistakes during installations. An opportunity to improve SHS in Namibia is to develop a software tool that service provider can use to quickly calculate an optimum SHS in a user friendly way based on the electricity demands of the clients. An optimization model was developed using MS Excel which calculates the optimal SHS component capacities regarding cost and reliability with the use of Visual Basic macros. Various field studies and sensitivity analyses were conducted with the MS Excel model. The results were validated and compared with other software programs such as PVsyst and a Matlab model used in a previous study regarding solar power. Results show that several components in existing systems are incorrectly sized and that the MS Excel model could improve future installations and improve the reputation of SHS. The sensitivity analyses focused on cost, system reliability, system size and PV-module tilt and were implemented in the MS Excel model to optimize the results in a techno-economic perspective. The MS-Excel model was approved by Namibia Energy Institute and will be available for all service providers in Namibia.

Le but de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie permettant d’évaluer les performances et la durabilité des systèmes de production d’électricité par gazéification de biomasse en milieu rural en pays en développement. Cette thèse propose un cadre méthodologique général qui décrit les démarches visant: (1) à définir les critères d’évaluation de performance, (2) à choisir les méthodes ou modèles d’évaluation des critères et (3) à choisir la méthode permettant d’analyser la fiabilité de l’évaluation. A partir de ce cadre méthodologique, une méthodologie d’évaluation des systèmes de production d’électricité par gazéification de biomasse en Afrique de l’Ouest est développée. Quatorze (14) critères d’évaluation sont définis en prenant en compte les quatre dimensions de la durabilité (technique, économique, environnemental, social). Des modèles sont élaborés pour l’estimation de chacun des critères considérés. Le modèle d’évaluation global est appliqué sur un projet de système de production d’électricité par gazéification de biomasse au Burkina Faso. Douze (12) configurations de système sont évaluées pour satisfaire les mêmes profils de charge. Les résultats de simulation ont permis d’identifier d’un point de vue de l’opérateur et des consommateurs, la configuration qui permet de valoriser au mieux la ressource en biomasse locale disponible avec un coût d’électricité abordable et qui offre à l’opérateur une flexibilité relative pour s’adapter aux évolutions de la demande en énergie électrique / This thesis aims to develop a performance assessment methodology of power generation systems based on biomass gasification in a rural area case in developing countries. The general methodological framework of this thesis is described in the approaches as follow: (i) defining performance assessment criteria, (ii) selecting methods or models for assessing the criteria, and (iii) choosing the method of analyzing the reliability of the assessment. Based on this methodological framework, a methodology for the assessment of electricity generation by biomass gasification systems in West Africa is developed. Fourteen assessment criteria are defined by taking in account technical, economic, environmental and social aspects. Models are developed for the calculation of each criterion considered. The models are then applied to carry out a performance assessment of the electricity generation by biomass gasification project in Burkina Faso. Twelve (12) system configurations are studied to satisfy the same load profiles. Simulation results allowed identifying from the point of view of the operator and the consumers the configurations which give better valorization of biomass available with an affordable electricity cost and which offer to operator a relative flexibility to adapt to changes in electricity demand.

Com base nos dados do IBGE, estima-se que aproximadamente 2,4 milhões de domicílios brasileiros não têm acesso ao serviço de energia elétrica. Ainda, projeções da Aneel indicam que, após a alteração dos critérios determinados pela Lei nº 10.438/2002, o número de unidades consumidoras classificadas na subclasse residencial baixa renda passou de 8 para 14 milhões. Conforme estimativas atuais, são necessários recursos da ordem de R$ 7,3 bilhões para equacionar o acesso à energia elétrica daqueles domicílios, bem como de aproximadamente R$ 1 bilhão por ano para compensar as distribuidoras pela perda de receita decorrente do aumento do número de consumidores baixa renda. Os dois aspectos são complementares na conceituação da universalização, na visão do autor. Deste modo, este estudo apresenta uma visão sistêmica sobre ambos os aspectos da universalização: a garantia do acesso físico e do uso contínuo; sendo este último considerado como as condições para a manutenção do acesso ao serviço de eletricidade por meio de uma tarifa social ou de programas compensatórios. O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é, então, analisar e avaliar as normas legais e os regulamentos que norteiam as políticas públicas de universalização dos serviços de energia elétrica, como também dos que indiretamente interferem nessas ações, buscando identificar eventuais necessidades de sua complementação ou mesmo de sua alteração. Para isso, mostra-se a evolução recente das ações do Estado, da legislação pertinente e da regulamentação promovida pela Aneel para cada um das duas vertentes da universalização. Apresenta-se também a dimensão dos recursos financeiros envolvidos, identificando os possíveis impactos decorrente da nova regulamentação da subclasse residencial baixa renda e também do programa de universalização Luz para Todos. / IBGE data has shown that approximately 2.4 million Brazilian households do not have access to electricity service. Moreover, Aneel´s projections indicate that, after the alteration of the criteria determined by Law 10,438/2002, the number of households classified as low income residential subclass has increased from 8 to 14 million. Further studies imply that R$ 7.3 billion would be necessary to enable those 2.4 million households to have access to electric energy, as well as R$ 1 billion per year to compensate the utilities for the loss resulting from the increase of low income consuming domiciles. The two aspects are complementary as for the universal electricity service, in the vision of the author. Hence, this work proposes to overview both aspects: to ensure physical access and the continuous use through social tariffs or compensating programs. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze and to evaluate the regulations which guide the public policies of universal electricity service in order to identify whenever its complementation or its alteration is required. Thus, this study shows relevant government policies and Aneel regulation as well as necessary resources, possible and likely impacts to improve the current situation.

CAMARGO, Ednaldo J. S. Programa Luz para Todos da eletrificação rural à universalização do acesso à energia elétrica. Da necessidade de uma política de Estado, 2010, 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Energia) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2010 A criação do Programa Luz para Todos, em 11 de novembro de 2003, por meio da Lei 10.762, e sua regulamentação pelo Decreto 4.873, da mesma data, trouxe novos temas para o âmbito do estudo da eletrificação rural. O Programa luz para Todos acumulou em sua estruturação uma somatória de conhecimentos e experiências anteriores, com um arranjo financeiro que possibilitou uma solução até então inédita para o atendimento do morador pobre das áreas rurais: a total gratuidade da ligação. Esta solução foi possível graças a um arranjo financeiro que envolveu diversas partes. O Governo Federal, com recursos de dois fundos setoriais a RGR Reserva Global de Reversão e a CDE Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético, sendo a CDE lançada a fundo perdido, como subvenção e a RGR na forma de financiamento, os Governos Estaduais e os agentes concessionários e permissionários, não havendo qualquer participação financeira de parte do consumidor a ser ligado. Este arranjo tripartite varia dependendo do impacto tarifário que a ligação ou conjunto de ligações gerar para o agente executor da obra, assim, eventualmente o percentual de CDE pode ser superior ao da RGR ou mesmo o valor do governo do Estado pode ser igual ao da CDE. Essa estrutura de custo viabilizou em pouco mais de seis anos a ligação de mais de dois milhões e cem mil domicílios muitos deles que jamais poderiam ser atendidos de outra forma, pois que mais de 60% desses atendimentos foram em famílias com renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo. O problema que se coloca é que o Programa tem prazo para acabar: 31 de dezembro de 2.010 e o quadro que se vislumbra é o retorno às normas anteriores ao Programa que possuem viés excludente. O principal problema apontado é o retorno às normas da Resolução 456, de 29 de novembro de 2000. Esta regulação estabelece que o atendimento da concessionária se dá até o limite da propriedade, decorrendo que, a partir desse ponto, todos os custos são suportados pelo consumidor que solicitou o serviço. Durante a vigência do Programa Luz para Todos estas normas estiveram suspensas para as ligações efetuadas sob a égide do Programa, pois o Decreto que regulamentou a Lei que criou o Programa efetuou uma transferência de titularidade normativa, determinando que o Ministério de Minas e Energia criaria um Manual de Operacionalização com as normas para a efetivação do Programa, deste modo suspendeu a aplicabilidade das normas que fossem conflitantes com o Manual de Operacionalização. Com o fim do Programa e o retorno do quadro regulatório anterior se prevê uma situação de exclusão, pelo que são propostas alterações normativas para transformar o que é Programa de Governo em Política de Estado e, assim, garantir que as futuras gerações não sejam vítimas de um sistema elétrico baseado na exclusão dos moradores pobres das áreas rurais.. / CAMARGO, Ednaldo J. S. Luz para Todos - from rural electrification to universal access to electricity. The need for a state policy, 2010, 131 p. Dissertation (Master in Energy) - Post-Graduation in Energy at the Universidade de São Paulo, 2010 The creation of Luz para Todos Program, at November, 11, 2003, through Law 10.762, and its regulation by Decree 4.873, at the same day, brought new themes for the study of rural electrification. The Luz para Todos Program accumulated in their structure a sum of knowledge and previous experience with a financial solution that enabled a hitherto unprecedented solution for meeting the resident poor rural areas: a totally free connection. This solution was possible through a financial arrangement involving various parties. The Federal Government, with funds from two sector funds - RGR Reserve Global Reversion and CDE - Energy Development Account, CDE released the grant and RGR in the form of funding, the state governments and agents dealers and authorized the absence of any contribution of the consumer to be connected. This tripartite arrangement varied depending on the tariff impact that the connection or set of links would generate for the executive agent of the work, so eventually the percentage of CDE could be higher than the RGR or the value of the state government could be equal to the CDE. This cost structure made possible in just over six years the connection of more than two million one hundred thousand homes, many of which could never be met otherwise, for more than 60% of these visits were in families with income less than minimum wage. The problem that arises is that the program has a term to end: December 31, 2010 and the picture that is emerging is the return to the pre program regulations that are exclusionary. The main problem cited is return to the norms of Resolution 456 of 29 November 2000. This regulation requires the attendance of the licensee is given to the extent of the property, with the result that, from that point, all costs are borne by the consumer who requested the service. During the term of Luz para Todos Program these rules have been suspended for calls made under the auspices of the Program. Because the Decree implementing the Law that created the program effected a transfer of ownership regulations, determining that the Ministry of Mines and Energy would an Operating Manual to the standards for the realization of the program, thus suspended the applicability of the rules that would conflict with the Operating Manual. With the end of the program and return the previous regulatory framework provides for an exclusion, so that legislative changes are proposed to transform what is government\'s programs in state policy and thus ensure that future generations do not suffer a electric system based on the exclusion of the poor residents of rural areas