Being a low-income person of color trying to survive in a society that subscribes to a colorblind ideology can be more than difficult, it can be impossible. This thesis seeks to examine the racial implications of the racial project of HOPE VI. To demonstrate that impact, I perform a Critical Discourse Analysis on the "The Final Report of the National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing: A Report to the Congress and the Secretary of housing and Urban Development" and the United States Housing Act of 1937 as it was amended by the "Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998." I plan to demonstrate how removing race and racism from the national conversation only aids in furthering racial discrimination and inequality.

La percepción racial, definida como la forma en que una persona interpreta a otra de una diferente etnia racial, nos ayuda a entender el aprendizaje sobre las diferentes razas que los niños tienen a corta edad y saber si sobre ésta predominan aspectos positivos o negativos en su expresión. Los participantes (n= 65; 33 mujeres y 32 hombres), de edades entre 6 y 7 años, de primer grado de primaria de dos centros educativos diferentes (estatal y particular), fueron expuestos a la presencia de dos muñecos de diferente etnia racial (raza blanca y raza negra) y a preguntas para poder determinar sus preferencias sobre estos. Resultados obtenidos reflejan que hay una alta preferencia de los participantes hacia el muñeco de raza blanca, además de una alta identificación con su color a pesar de los participantes ser de raza mestiza, además hay tendencia de atribuir al muñeco de raza negra aspectos negativos. La percepción de los participantes hacia el muñeco negro corresponde el ser feo, ser malo, pobre, poco estudioso, mientras que por el blanco corresponde el ser bueno, bonito, millonario, estudioso. Por lo que se puede discutir en los resultados, es que se observa que la percepción racial a esta edad ya es inadecuada debido a la atribución negativa que se hace sobre los muñecos de raza negra, lo que puede condicionar las actitudes que se tengan sobre esta raza. The racial perception, defined as the way a person interprets another of a different racial ethnicity, helps us to understand learning about the different races that children are at a young age and whether this expression are predominantly positive or negative. Participants (n = 65; 33 women and 32 men) aged between 6 and 7 years, from first grade of two different schools (public and private), were exposed to the presence of two dolls of different racial ethnicity (white and black) and questioned to determine their preference over them. Results show that there is a high preference of participants to the white doll, along with a high identification with their color despite the participants being of mixed race; in addition, there is a tendency to attribute negatives concepts to the black doll. The perception of the participants on the black doll corresponds being ugly, bad, poor, little studious, while to the white doll corresponds being good, beautiful, millionaire, studious. As can be discuss in the results, it is shows that the racial perception at this age is already inadequate by negative attribution on the black dolls, which can influence the attitudes on this race.

Orientador: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira / Resumo: A raça Spitz Alemão Anão ganhou recente aumento de popularidade e algumas das particularidades oftalmológicas desta ainda são desconhecidas. Com o presente estudo objetivou-se conhecer parâmetros oftálmicos na raça. Estudaram-se 48 olhos de 24 cães, machos e fêmeas, com idades entre 1 e 7,5 anos, oriundos de canil de criação. Sob contenção física delicada, foram empregados teste lacrimal de Schirmer, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste de Jones, estesiometria de Cochet-Bonnet, biomicroscopia com lâmpada em fenda, pressão intraocular, microscopia especular de não contato, flaremetria a “laser”, oftalmoscopia indireta e ultrassonografia. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. As médias e erros padrões encontrados foram, quanto ao teste lacrimal de Schirmer 24,310±0,448mm/min e ao tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal 14,570±0,406s. Ao teste de Jones 8,420±1,571min sendo 62,5% dos olhos positivos. À estesiometria, a medida foi 3,667±0,157cm. À biomicroscopia, 43,75% dos olhos apresentaram pelos na carúncula, 25% cromodacriorreia, 25% discreto entrópio de canto medial, 10,42% distiquíase, 6,25% mácula corneal, 4,16% nódulo palpebral e 2,08% triquíase de canto medial. À tonometria de rebote, os valores obtidos média e erro padrão foram 17,960±0,697mmHg. À microscopia especular foi encontrada densidade de células endoteliais 1958,285±36,760células/mm². À hexagonalidade, 62,229±2,183% e para área das células endoteliais, 519,231±9,853mm². A espessura corneal ce... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Spitz German Klein breed has shown a substantial increase in popularity and ophthalmic particularities of this breed are still unknown. The present study aimed to establish ophthalmic parameters in German Spitz Klein. The research for this study was made through 48 eyes of 24 male and female dogs, aged between 1 and 7.5 years old, from a breeding kennel. Thru physical restraint it was used Schirmer tear test, break up time test, Jones test, Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, rebound tonometry, specular microscopy of non-contact, laser flaremetry, ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography. With the purpose of analyzing data this study was applied descriptive statistics. The means and standard errors found were, for the Schirmer tear test 24.310±0.448mm/min and the break up time test 14.570±0.406s. For the Jones test 8.420±1.571min being 62.5% of the positive eyes. For the esthesiometry was found 3.667±0.157cm. The biomicroscopy, it was found that 43.75% of the eyes presented hair on the caruncle, 25% chromodacryreia, 25% discrete medial entropion, 10.42% of distichiasis, 6.25% of corneal macula, 4.16% of palpebral nodule and 2.08% of medial trichiasis. For the rebound tonometry, the values obtained and standard error were 17.960±0.679mmHg. Furthermore, under the specular microscopy was found density of endothelial cells 1958.285±36.760cells/mm². The hexagonality, 62.229±2.183% and for endothelial cell area, 519.231±9.853mm². The central corneal thickness was 0.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The current study examined the differences in perceptions of three types of microaggressions experienced by African Americans and Latino Americans. Additionally, this study addressed how the coping mechanism of confrontation may be perceived depending on the level of the microaggression. Finally, colorblind attitudes were examined as an individual difference variable in predicting responses to microaggressions. The study used a 2 (target ethnicity: African American and Latino American) x 3 (types of microaggression: microassault, microinsult, and microinvalidation) between subjects design. A sample of 304 White participants was obtained via MTurk. Participants first read a vignette showing an interaction between a White supervisor and a subordinate of color (African American or Latino American). After reading the vignette, participants were asked to complete the Microaggression Perception Scale, a course of action scale to assess their perception of what the target should have done after the microaggressive incident, the Color-Blind Racial Attitude Scale (COBRA), and a demographic survey. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and regression analyses and the results indicated five major findings. First, White participants were found to be able to perceive microaggressions as having occurred as they became more blatant (from microinvalidation to microinsult to microassault). Second, there were no significant differences in their perceptions of the types of microaggression between the African American and Latino American targets. However, they perceived microinvalidation when it occurred for the White target more clearly than they did the microinvalidation for the African American target. Third, color-blind racial attitudes were related to White individuals’ perception of microinsults and microassaults, but not microinvalidation, indicating those who identified more strongly with the colorblind racial attitude were less likely to perceive the microaggression as being biased even when the microaggression was blatant. Fourth, participants also recommended that individuals of color should take more drastic action for microassault and less drastic action for microinvalidation. This suggested that the microassaults were perceived as not acceptable behavior and that these behaviors should be reported in writing to upper administration in the organization. Finally, color-blind racial attitudes moderated the relationship between the perceptions of microinvalidations and microassaults, and the course of action to deal with aggression. Implications of the study are further discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente, o tema da violência racial/étnica contra as mulheres ainda se constitui em uma fonte de pesquisas pouco explorada no contexto social. Faz-se imprescindível uma reflexão sobre a importância da produção de conhecimentos referentes a aspectos teóricos e conceituais de questões que perpassam a vida em sociedade e a forma como essa sociedade encontra-se estruturada. Para que se possa avançar na compreensão das especificidades da violência contra as mulheres negras, que repercutem na subjetividade e na constituição da identidade dessas mulheres, é preciso que áreas das Ciências da Saúde – Saúde Mental e Saúde Coletiva - construam um olhar sobre esse tema, pesquisem e sistematizem os conhecimentos produzidos.

acase@tulane.edu / Abstract Future racial socialization (FRS) is a future-oriented concept that speaks to how adolescents intend to racially socialize their own children. This future-oriented parenting decision has been associated with the existing racial socialization messages that adolescents receive from their own caregivers prior to becoming parents themselves. Research has posited that parental racial socialization is arguably one of the most important developmental processes for African American youth (Hughes, 2006), and has been largely conceptualized as a process between parents and children. However, a new force called Social Networking Sites (SNS) has entered our ecological world over the last 20 years; possibly catalyzing a shift to occur in the racial socialization processes of adolescents, especially the African American adolescents of today known as being a part of the Generation Z or as the iGeneration (approximately born 1995-2012). It is important to understand how SNS are altering the adolescent development processes so that we can understand its benefits and risks. This study is a secondary data analysis of archived data that examines the relation of Parental Racial Socialization to Future Racial Socialization (FRS) as moderated by SNS and Racial Identity (RI), in African American Adolescents. In the current study, the participants are 300 African American high school students in a large southern urban city. The students ranged in age from 13 to 19 years old and attended a predominately (98%) African American high school in the United States. Findings demonstrate that racial identity plays a significant role in the relation between PRS (cultural socialization type) and FRS, and when specifically examining African American girls, racial centrality (a subcomponent of racial identity) and SNS play a significant role in moderating the relation between two types of PRS and FRS. / 1 / Ashlee Yates

Much research has been conducted on the police-minority relationship, primarily from the view of the civilian. As central actors, the police view is noticeably absent from the research. I employed in-depth interviews and open-ended survey questions of patrol officers and sergeants in the Novad Texas Police Department about their views on the police-minority relationship and racial profiling. Through content analysis of the data, I examined two common themes that emerged from the discourse. The first was how "the past" was used to frame contemporary police-minority relations. The dominant narrative was that the historical police-minority relationship was something minorities should "get over" as those practices no longer applied to the current relationship. Counter views to this narrative acknowledged both past and present practices as influential. The second theme that emerged during the discussion of racial profiling was the primacy of socio-spatial control, encapsulated in one officer's comment about a "white boy in a no white boy zone." For many of the officers, control of predominantly minority and predominantly white neighborhoods meant that individuals who "did not fit" those respective spaces were subject to increased law enforcement attention. The frequency of the "white boy in a no white boy zone" scenario specifically, and not the reverse scenario that currently charges the debate surrounding racial profiling, suggests that the officers were more comfortable discussing the sensitive issue of racial profiling in this manner. Three additional areas were examined. The "out of place" doctrine evident in the officers' discussions of racial profiling creates a dilemma for the police officer because the doctrine may be considered both an effective police practice given current community policing initiatives and one that enforces the racial order in the United States. Secondly, statistical discrimination theory was employed by some of the officers to rationalize the targeting of minorities and minority space. Finally, some of the officers discussed the conflux of race/ethnicity with class, and viewed "profiling" of particular groups as based in socioeconomic status.

Os clubes sociais negros em Porto Alegre passam por constantes transformações em sua estrutura e funcionamento. Esses clubes permanecem em atividade atualmente, são entidades centenárias e fazem parte da história associativa da população negra em Porto Alegre (RS). A estrutura dessas associações permite a emergência de agentes que constituem seus quadros diretivos, diferentes relações políticas e trajetórias. Desse modo, o estudo está direcionado a esses agentes (presidentes, conselheiros e assessores), suas trajetórias, envolvimento com o movimento negro e as constantes redefinições (construções/desconstruções) de concepções de política e cultura. São redefinições de concepções que transformam as atuações e conduções das associações Floresta Aurora e Satélite Prontidão, estabelecendo também algumas fronteiras entre movimento negro e associações ou política e cultura. Essas transformações se dão ao longo de um processo histórico em que se estabelecem diferentes estratégias, por parte dos atores sociais em questão, disputando, assim, suas próprias fronteiras. / Afro-Brazilian cultural societies in Porto Alegre (RS) are constantly facing structural and organizational transformations. Floresta Aurora and Satélite Prontidão are centennial societies which are still active and are part of the history of the Afro-Brazilian population in Porto Alegre. Their structural organization occasions the emergence of agents who are members of their executive boards, as well as various political relationships and personal trajectories. Thus, the present study is focused on such agents (presidents, counselors and secretaries), their personal trajectories, their commitment to the Afro- Brazilian social movement and the constantly redefining concepts of politics and culture. This redefinition of concepts entail transformations in the actions and administrative orientation of these societies, as well as set the boundaries between Afro-Brazilian cultural societies and the Afro-Brazilian social movement and, or between politics and culture. Such transformations result from a long historical process during which social actors employ different strategies so that they end up setting those boundaries.

The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships between daily hassle stressors (i.e., racial microaggressions and college hassle stress), racial identity, perceived stress, and depression among Black/African American college students. It was hypothesized that perceived stress would partially mediate the relationships between daily hassle stressors and depression. Racial identity was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between racial microaggressions and perceived stress. Data were analyzed from a sample of 142 Black/African American college students from a medium sized university in the Midwest. Utilizing EQS, a path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Findings from the analysis revealed that perceived stress partially mediated the relationship between college hassle stress and depression. Findings also revealed that perceived stress fully mediated the relationship between racial microaggressions and depression. Interestingly, a significant negative relationship was found between racial microaggressions and perceived stress. Racial identity was not a significant moderator in this study. Findings are indicative that Black/African American college students experience race-related stress differently than general daily hassles. Implications for future research, clinical interventions, and social justice initiatives are discussed.

Os clubes sociais negros em Porto Alegre passam por constantes transformações em sua estrutura e funcionamento. Esses clubes permanecem em atividade atualmente, são entidades centenárias e fazem parte da história associativa da população negra em Porto Alegre (RS). A estrutura dessas associações permite a emergência de agentes que constituem seus quadros diretivos, diferentes relações políticas e trajetórias. Desse modo, o estudo está direcionado a esses agentes (presidentes, conselheiros e assessores), suas trajetórias, envolvimento com o movimento negro e as constantes redefinições (construções/desconstruções) de concepções de política e cultura. São redefinições de concepções que transformam as atuações e conduções das associações Floresta Aurora e Satélite Prontidão, estabelecendo também algumas fronteiras entre movimento negro e associações ou política e cultura. Essas transformações se dão ao longo de um processo histórico em que se estabelecem diferentes estratégias, por parte dos atores sociais em questão, disputando, assim, suas próprias fronteiras. / Afro-Brazilian cultural societies in Porto Alegre (RS) are constantly facing structural and organizational transformations. Floresta Aurora and Satélite Prontidão are centennial societies which are still active and are part of the history of the Afro-Brazilian population in Porto Alegre. Their structural organization occasions the emergence of agents who are members of their executive boards, as well as various political relationships and personal trajectories. Thus, the present study is focused on such agents (presidents, counselors and secretaries), their personal trajectories, their commitment to the Afro- Brazilian social movement and the constantly redefining concepts of politics and culture. This redefinition of concepts entail transformations in the actions and administrative orientation of these societies, as well as set the boundaries between Afro-Brazilian cultural societies and the Afro-Brazilian social movement and, or between politics and culture. Such transformations result from a long historical process during which social actors employ different strategies so that they end up setting those boundaries.