The cone beam CT (CBCT), a new radiological imaging modality in dentistry, usually radiates higher volumes and presents values of effective doses higher than other types of radiological examinations typically known in dental radiology. This scenario leads to the necessity of evaluating, in terms of effective dose, the radiological techniques in dentistry. Radiological examinations commonly used in planning and evaluation of implants are: panoramic radiography and CBCT. The idea of this work is to assess effective doses in radiological procedures for dental implants, and also the evaluation of equipments and quality control aspects of the images. In this evaluation, the effective dose calculations were made from measurements, in panoramic radiography equipment and cone beam CT scanners, of quantities such as air kerma-area product (PKA), air kerma-length product (PKL) and average dose volume. The instruments used for determining these quantities were: PKA meter; pencil ionization chamber; Farmer ionization chamber and PMMA and water phantoms. This approach was complemented with the use of data from Monte Carlo simulation. We also evaluated different protocols for different examinations and image receptors. The results of this study present an overview of effective doses for two imaging techniques used in planning and evaluation of dental implants showing the differences in the value of the effective dose between techniques and image receptors. These results also provide support for the decision of the imaging technique to be adopted, for the rational use of imaging techniques appropriate for the planning and evaluation of implants and also for the optimization of imaging techniques allowing dose reduction without loss in final quality of image. For the performance evaluation and quality control, four phantoms for performance evaluation and quality control were developed. Using these simulations, it was possible to evaluate the effective energy of the beams, to obtain a scale of Hounsfield for CBCT and to assess the physical dimensions, the low contrast resolution, the uniformity and the resolution of details in high contrast at the obtained image. The evaluation of these parameters was based on recommendations and tolerances established by national legislation and international protocols / A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), uma nova modalidade de imagem radiológica na odontologia, normalmente, irradia volumes maiores e apresenta valores de doses efetivas superiores a outras modalidades de exames radiológicos tipicamente conhecidos em radiologia odontológica. Este cenário conduz a necessidade, indispensável, de avaliar, em termos de dose efetiva, as técnicas de exames radiológicos na odontologia. Os exames radiológicos mais utilizados no planejamento e avaliação de implantes são: a radiografia panorâmica e a TCFC. A idéia central deste trabalho consiste em avaliar doses efetivas em procedimentos radiológicos destinados a implantes dentários e, também, a realização de avaliação de desempenho dos equipamentos e de aspectos de controle de qualidade das imagens. Nesta avaliação, os cálculos de dose efetiva foram realizados a partir das medidas, em equipamentos de radiografia panorâmica e tomógrafos de feixe cônico, das grandezas produto kerma no ar-área (PKA), do produto kerma no ar comprimento (PKL) e da dose média no volume. Os instrumentos utilizados para determinação destas grandezas foram: Medidor de PKA; câmara de ionização tipo lápis; câmara de ionização tipo Farmer e simuladores de PMMA e água. Esta metodologia foi complementada com o uso de dados oriundos de simulação de Monte Carlo. Foram avaliados também diferentes protocolos de exames e diferentes receptores de imagem. Os resultados deste estudo apresentam um panorama das doses efetivas para duas técnicas de imagem utilizadas no planejamento e avaliação de implantes dentários evidenciando as diferenças no valor da dose efetiva entre técnicas e receptores de imagem. Estes resultados também fornecem subsídios para a decisão da técnica de imagem a ser adotada, para o uso racional das técnicas de imagens apropriadas ao planejamento e avaliação de implantes e também para a otimização das técnicas de imagens possibilitando a redução de doses sem perdas na qualidade da imagem final. Para a avaliação de desempenho e controle de qualidade, construímos quatro simuladores. Com o uso destes simuladores, foi possível avaliar a energia efetiva dos feixes, obter uma escala de Hounsfield para TCFC e avaliar as dimensões físicas, a resolução em baixo contraste, a uniformidade e a resolução de detalhes em alto contraste na imagem. A avaliação destes parâmetros foi baseada em recomendações e tolerâncias estabelecidas na legislação nacional e protocolos internacionais

De nos jours, on assiste à l'émergence massive de nouveaux systèmes électroniques exploitant des fréquences de plus en plus élevées, particulièrement en ondes millimétriques (30-300 GHz). Il apparaît de ce fait un besoin potentiel de développement de nouveaux moyens d'essai appropriés dans le domaine millimétrique. En particulier, l'étude de la biocompatibilité de ces systèmes est clairement identifiée comme une priorité de recherche en électromagnétisme. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse consiste à concevoir et à évaluer les propriétés d'une chambre réverbérante à brassage de modes (CRBM) en bande Ka (26,5-40 GHz), en bande U (40-60 GHz) et en bande V (50-75 GHz). L'application visée dans cette thèse concerne la mise en place d'outils dosimétriques par caméra infrarouge en chambre réverbérante et la réalisation d'essais préliminaires sur des fantômes diélectriques à 60 GHz. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé numériquement le comportement statistique du champ électrique dans une cavité pré-dimensionnée. Les simulations sont réalisées à l'aide d'un outil interne de modélisation du comportement d'une CRBM basé sur la théorie des images. A l'aide du test d'ajustement statistique d'Anderson-Darling, nous avons montré que le comportement de la chambre en ondes millimétriques est en adéquation avec le modèle de Hill (champ statistiquement homogène et isotrope dans le volume de l'enceinte) . Dans un second temps, nous avons réalisé un prototype de chambre réverbérante de dimensions internes : 42,3 x 41,2 x 38,3 cm3 . Un processus de brassage par saut de fréquence est utilisé pour l'obtention de l'uniformité statistique de la densité de puissance. La chambre est équipée d'un système de positionnement fin et précis permettant l'échantillonnage spatial de la puissance sur un axe à l'intérieur de la chambre. Les accès millimétriques ont également été étudiés de sorte à réduire d'éventuelles fuites significatives. Les liaisons entre la source millimétrique et l'antenne d'émission d'une part et celles entre l'antenne de réception et l'analyseur de spectre d'autre part sont assurées par des guides d'onde. Nous avons également mis en place l'ensemble des équipements nécessaires pour le fonctionnement de la chambre (source, analyseur de spectre, mélangeur). La chambre est caractérisée dans la bande 58,5-61,5 GHz. Les résultats obtenus sont satisfaisants en termes de coefficient de qualité et de comportement statistique de la puissance mesurée dans un volume de test donné. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons modélisé puis réalisé une interface intégrée sur une des parois de la chambre pour la mesure de température par caméra infrarouge. Des mesures préliminaires sont réalisées sur un fantôme constitué essentiellement d'eau. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de l'évaluation du gradient de la température sur le fantôme sont très proches. Ceci confirme que la chambre réverbérante ainsi conçue permet de soumettre l'objet sous test à une illumination statistiquement uniforme et calibrée en puissance. Un tel dispositif est un atout précieux pour des tests de compatibilité électromagnétique d'équipements électroniques dans la bande 26,5-75 GHz. Cette CRBM pourrait également permettre de réal iser des essais préliminaires dans le cadre de l'étude des interactions des ondes avec la matière vivante en millimétrique. / Nowadays, there is a massive emergence of new electronic systems operating at increasing frequencies, especially in the millimeter waves range (30-300 GHz). As a consequence, development of new appropriate test facilities in the millimeter waves range is needed. ln particular, the study of the biocompatibility of the se systems is cie arly identified as a research priority in electromagnetism. ln this context, this thesis deals with the design and the evaluation of a modestirred reverberation chamber (RC) properties in the Ka band (26.5-40 GHz), U band (40-60 GHz) and V band (50-75 GHz). The intended application in this thesis concerns the development of a dosimetric tool using an infrared camera in a reverberation chamber. Firstly, we numerically analyze the statistical behavior of the electric field in the test volume of such an RC. A numerical model based on image theory is used to simulate the cavity. With Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test, we show !hat the chamber behaves very weil at millimeter waves frequency in terms of statistical distribution of the field in the test volume. Secondly, a compact reverberation chamber is designed and built up, with the following internai dimensions 42.3 x 41.2 x 38.3 cm3 . The statistical uniformity of power density in the chamber volume is obtained by frequency stirring. The RC is associated with a positioning system for spatial sampling of power inside reverberation chamber. The interfaces are also studied in order to reduce any significant leakage. Waveguides are used in the transmission and reception chains to minimize losses. We have also set up ali the equipment necessary for carrying out measurements (source, spectrum analyzer, mixer). The RC is characterized in the 58.5-61.5 GHz range. The results are satisfactory in terms of the quality factor level and the statistical distribution of the power in the test volume. Thirdly, an interface is designed and integrated on one of the chamber walls for temperature measurement by an infrared camera. Preliminary measurements are performed on a phantom consisting essentially of water. Experimental results of the phantom temperature rise are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. This confirms thal the designed reverberation chamber allows to expose the deviee under test with a statistically uniform and calibrated power. Such a deviee is a valuable asse! for EMC testing of electronic equipments in the 26.5 to 60 GHz frequency range. This RC could also permit to conduct preliminary tests in the context of the millimeter waves interactions with being organisms.

This study set out to examine the levels of galactic cosmic radiation exposure to Australian aircrew during routine flight operations, with particular attention to the high southern latitude flights between Australia and South Africa. Latitudes as high as 65?? South were flown to gain the data and are typical of the normal flight routes flown between Sydney and Johannesburg on a daily basis. In achieving this objective it became evident that suitable commercially available radiation monitoring equipment was not readily available and scientific radiation monitors were sourced from overseas research facilities to compliment my own FH4lB and Liulin monitors provided by UNSW. At the same time it became apparent that several predictive codes had been developed to attempt to model the radiation doses received by aircrew based on flight route, latitudes and altitudes. Further, it became apparent that these codes had not been subjected to verification at high southern latitudes and that they had not been validated for the effects of solar particle events. Initially measurements were required at the high latitudes followed by mid-latitude data to further balance the PCAIRE code to ensure reasonableness of results for both equatorial and high latitudes. Whilst undertaking this study new scientific monitors became available which provided an opportunity to observe comparative data and results. The Liulin, QDOS and a number of smaller personal dosimeters were subsequently obtained and evaluated. This appears to be the first time that such an extensive cross comparison of these monitors has been conducted over such a wide range of latitudes and altitudes. During the course of this study a fortuitous encounter with GLE 66 enabled several aspects of code validation to be examined, namely the inability of predictive codes to estimate the increased dose associated with a GLE or the effects of a Forbush decrease on the code results. Finally I review the known biological effects as discussed by numerous authors based on current epidemiological studies, with a view to high-lighting were the advent of future technology in aviation may project aircrew dose levels.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has modeled twelve reference animal and plant (RAP) species using simple geometric shapes in Monte���Carlo (MCNP) based simulations. The focus has now shifted to creating voxel phantoms of each RAP to advance the understanding of radiation interactions in nonhuman biota. The work contained herein presents results for the voxel phantom of the Dungeness crab, Metacarcinus magister, the Sand Dab, Limanda limanda, and the brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus, and details a generalized framework for creating voxel phantoms of the other RAPs. Absorbed fractions (AFs) for all identified organs were calculated at several discrete initial energies: 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 MeV for photons and 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0 MeV for electrons. AFs were then tabulated for each organ as a source and target at each energy listed above. AFs whose error exceeded 5% are marked with an underline in the data tables; AFs whose error was higher than 10% are shown in the tabulated data as a dashed line. The AF���s were highly dependent on organ mass and geometry. For photons above 0.5 MeV and electrons above 0.2-0.4 MeV a nontrivial amount of energy escapes the source organ. / Graduation date: 2013

This research investigates the use of G-M counters to triage the individuals who have been exposed to a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD). Upon being exposed to an RDD, inhalation of the airborne radionuclide is a method which someone can receive a considerable amount of dose. Bioassay via analysis of excreta is a commonly used method of determining the dose received, yet it would be cumbersome if there are a large number of people needing to be screened. An in vivo method must be considered so that a non-intrusive and more efficient triaging method can be implemented. Whole body counters are commonly used in counting facilities as an in vivo bioassay method, yet they are limited in number and not easily portable. Therefore, a more portable and more common detection device should be considered. G-M survey meters are common devices that are highly portable, making them ideal candidates to fulfill this necessity. The ease of use contributes to the viability of the device as a portable, in vivo screening device. To analyze this detector, a Monte Carlo model of the detector was created to be used in simulations with the Medical Internal Radiation Dose phantoms. The detector was placed in a few locations on the phantoms. Four locations were strategically chosen for detector placement: the posterior upper right torso, the anterior upper right torso, the lateral upper thigh, and the anterior of the neck. Six phantoms were considered: Reference Male, Female, Adipose Male, Adipose Female, Post Menopausal Adipose Female, and a Child. Six radionuclides were investigated: Am-241, Co-60, Cs-137, I-131, Ir-192, and Sr-90. The nuclides were distributed throughout the phantoms according to Dose and Risk Calculation Software, a code that determines how a radionuclide is distributed over time upon inhalation, ingestion, or injection. A set of time dependent guidelines were developed, determining the count rate per unit dose inhaled for each detector location and phantom type.

CAPES / Tratamentos de radiocirurgia requerem elevada precisão, pois envolvem lesões de pequenas dimensões, as quais são tratadas em poucas frações de altas doses de radiação. Sendo assim, a localização precisa da região de interesse é de grande importância para o sucesso do tratamento radioterápico. Neste trabalho foi investigada a interferência da caixa localizadora do alvo em tais procedimentos, utilizando imagens tomográficas do crânio de um phantom antropomórfico para simular um tratamento de radiocirurgia utilizando duas técnicas de exposição conforme protocolo do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Todo o processo de planejamento radioterápico de um tratamento de radiocirurgia foi executado, incluindo o cálculo da dose média de radiação com e sem diferenças de heterogeneidades para todas as exposições realizadas, utilizando os algoritmos de cálculo de dose AAA e PBC. Foi realizada também uma análise da variância dos valores dos pixels nos histogramas dos números CT para analisar a interferência do uso da caixa de localização na qualidade das imagens tomográficas adquiridas. Os experimentos realizados indicam que o algoritmo AAA é menos susceptível a diferenças no cálculo dos valores das doses médias. Quanto ao ruído, os experimentos realizados com a caixa localizadora do alvo demostraram maior perda na qualidade da imagem tomográfica. / Radiosurgery treatments require high precision because they involve lesions of small dimensions, which are treated with elevated radiation doses in a few fractionated sessions. Thus, the localization accuracy of the region of interest is very important for successful radiation therapy. In this study, the interference of the target localizer box in such procedures was investigated using tomographic images of the skull of an anthropomorphic phantom in order to simulate a radiosurgery treatment using two exposure techniques according to a protocol of the Albert Einstein Hospital. The radiosurgery treatment process was performed, including the calculation of the average radiation dose with and without tissue inhomogeneity considerations for all exposures, using the AAA and PBC dose calculation algorithms. An analysis of the variance of pixel values in the CT number histogram was also conducted in order to analyze the interference of the target localization box on the quality of the acquired tomographic images. The experiments indicate that the AAA algorithm is less susceptible to differences in the calculation of the average doses. Regarding noise, the experiments performed with the target localization box demonstrated greater loss in tomographic image quality.

Esta pesquisa apresenta e compara medidas de doses pediátricas periféricas em radioterapia, em regiões de tireóide, coração, mama, abdome, medial de ovários e testículos. Tais doses foram obtidas com TLDs de LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) em pó, posicionados em três objetos simuladores humanóides com tamanhos de crianças de dois, cinco e dez anos, feitos de polietileno de alta densidade e completamente preenchidos com água. Foi empregado um acelerador linear Varian Clinac 600CD para irradiar a cabeça dos três objetos simuladores, com feixes de Raios X produzidos com potencial de 6 MV, com três diferentes planejamentos craniais: (a) IMRT sliding window com o colimador multifolhas rotacionado em 0º, (b) IMRT sliding window com o colimador multifolhas rotacionado em 90º e (c) planejamento conformal (3D). As doses aplicadas foram de 300 cGy e 600 cGy com cinco campos coplanares para todos os planejamentos. Como resultado deste trabalho observa-se que as doses obtidas para todas as irradiações são muito baixas, quando comparadas aos valores de doses determinísticas para as regiões de maior interesse em proteção radiológica e que IMRT 90º proporciona maior blindagem para a radiação de fuga que se direcionaria para o corpo do paciente, oferecendo vantagens quando comparado com os planejamentos conformal e IMRT 0º. / This research presents and compares peripheral pediatric doses measurements in radiation therapy, for of thyroid, heart, breast, abdomen, ovaries and testicles regions, obtained with TLD LiF: Mg, Ti (TLD-100) powder, placed on three humanoid phantoms with sizes of children as two, five and ten years old, made of high density polyethylene and completely filled with water. It at linear accelerator Varian Clinac 600CD was employed to irradiate the heads of the three phantoms, with X-rays beams generated by a potential of 6 MV, with three different skull plannings: (a) IMRT sliding window with multileaf collimator rotated 0°, (b) IMRT sliding window with the multileaf collimator rotated 90° and (c) conformal planning (3D). The doses applied were 300 cGy and 600 cGy with five coplanar fields for all cares planning. The results show that the doses obtained for the all irradiations are very low compared to deterministic dose values deterministic for the regions of greater interest in radiological protection and that IMRT 90º provides more shielding for leakage radiation which would be directed to patient's body, offering advantages when compared to conformal planning and IMRT 0º.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo mensurar o Kerma Ar na Superfície de Entrada, Ka,e, em Tomografia Computadorizada Odontológica (TCO), também conhecida como CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). A coleta de dados foi realizada em seis clínicas de radiodiagnóstico odontológico. Destas, cinco possuem o aparelho de TCO e uma possui o aparelho de raios X panorâmico. O arranjo experimental é composto de um simulador humanóide preenchido com água. Este simulador tem dimensões semelhantes a de uma criança, com o diâmetro lateral da cabeça igual a 14,5 cm. O Ka,e foi medido com dosímetros termoluminescentes sobre a superfície do simulador. As localizações dos dosímetros correspondem aos olhos e glândulas salivares (parótida). A técnica empregada engloba toda a região da cabeça, como um exame craniofacial. A configuração de FOV (Field of View) estendido oferece os maiores valores de dose. Os parâmetros técnicos (kVp e mAs) e os diferentes modos de execução do FOV, influenciam os resultados da dose. Além disso, há a diferença entre os resultados de três tomógrafos do mesmo modelo. Há também a falta de simetria na distribuição do Ka,e entre as duas faces do simulador. O tomógrafo de menor Ka,e, neste trabalho, pertence a mesma marca daqueles com os menores resultados descritos na literatura. / This aim of this work is to measure the Entrance Surface Air Kerma, Ka,e, in Dental Computed Tomography, also known as CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). Data collection was conducted in six dental radiology clinics. Five of these have dental computed tomography scanner and one of them has a panoramic X ray scanner. The experimental essay is composed of a humanoid phantom filled with water. In addition, it has similar dimensions to a child that has head with lateral diameter of 14.5 cm. The Ka,e was measured with thermoluminescence dosimeters on the surface of the phantom. The locations of the dosimeters correspond to eyes and salivary gland (parotid glands). The technique used comprises the total area of the head, like a craniofacial examination. The configuration of extended FOV provides the highest Ka,e values. The technical parameters (kVp and mAs) and different modes of executing the FOV influenced the Ka,e results. Furthermore, there were differences between the results of three scanners of the same model. There is also a lack of symmetry on Ka,e distribution between both sides of the phantom. The CBCT with the lowest Ka,e on this work is of the same type of those with the lowest doses related on literature.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dose efetiva de radiação nos exames de CCTA através dos métodos Prospectivo e Retrospectivo do ECG. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Clínica Sabedotti, em Ponta Grossa – PR, em um equipamento General Electric modelo VCT XT, de 64 linhas de detecção. A dose efetiva foi mensurada para 30 casos, selecionados aleatoriamente do Picture Archival and Communication System – PACS, Arquivamento e Comunicação de Imagens, a partir do Produto Dose Comprimento (DLP) reportado pelo equipamento para cada exame e pelo fator de conversão (EDLP) definido pela Comissão Europeia para região cardíaca (EDLP = 0,014). Os resultados apontaram diferenças expressivas quanto à dose de radiação entregue ao paciente de acordo com o método de aquisição empregado, Retrospectivo ou Prospectivo do ECG. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effective dose received by patients undergoing CCTA in both acquisition methods in the period June 1st to October 30th, 2013. Data collection was performed at the Clínica Sabedotti in Ponta Grossa/PR, with General Electric Equipment VCT XT, 64 detections lines. The effective dose was measured from the thirty cases randomly selected of Picture Archival and Communication System – PACS, reported by Dose Lenght Product (DLP) equipment for each examination and the conversion factor (EDLP) set by the European Commission for cardiac region (EDLP = 0.014). The results showed significant differences in radiation dose delivered to the patient according to the employee acquisition method, Retrospective or Prospective of ECG.

A Radiologia tem sido considerada uma das áreas da Medicina que mais se desenvolve, especialmente com o aporte de novas tecnologias. Entre as aplicações da Radiologia Intervencionista destaca-se a utilização da fluoroscopia no centro cirúrgico em complemento às cirurgias ortopédicas, objeto da presente pesquisa. Entretanto, alguns complexos e longos procedimentos guiados fluoroscopicamente podem resultar em altos níveis de exposição ocupacional às radiações ionizantes para equipe de cirurgia ortopédica e trabalhadores de saúde, induzir sérios danos à saúde. Levando em conta esses aspectos, o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa consiste em determinar a exposição ocupacional da equipe de cirurgia ortopédica em procedimentos guiados por fluoroscopia e verificar dentre as cirurgias observadas a que oferece maior exposição ocupacional às radiações ionizantes, como também, a aplicação dos princípios básicos de proteção radiológica nestes procedimentos. A metodologia utilizada para essa pesquisa foi a qualiquantitativa do tipo exploratória. A pesquisa foi realizada no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Curitiba (UFPR). Os sujeitos pesquisados foram os membros da equipe de cirurgia ortopédica, ou seja, médicos ortopedistas, residentes, anestesias, instrumentador cirúrgico, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, e enfermeiros. A coleta de dados foi realizada de 01 de janeiro a 30 de maio de 2011. Contribuíram para a pesquisa, 44 trabalhadores que responderam uma entrevista coletiva, e um questionário com 25 perguntas fechadas. foi constituídos quatro grupos de onze participantes cada, seguida de análise documental e de monitoração da área pesquisada e individual. Os resultados mostraram que os profissionais de saúde do setor pesquisado expõem-se às radiações ionizantes, devido à demanda de cirurgias guiadas por equipamentos emissores de radiação ionizantes fluoroscopicamente, e a falta de conhecimento em radioproteção. Diante dessas constatações foram sugeridas pelos grupos medidas de prevenção a essas exposições de modo a minimizar possíveis efeitos biológicos das radiações ionizantes. Foi concluído que existe exposição ocupacional com os trabalhadores do setor pesquisado, os mesmos tem pouco conhecimento quanto ao uso dos equipamentos de radioproteção nos procedimentos cirúrgicos com equipamentos emissores de radiações ionizantes, não usam corretamente os monitores individuais. / Radiology has been considered one of the areas of medicine that most devel-ops, especially with the contribution of new technologies. Among the applications of Interventional Radiology highlights the use of fluoroscopy in the surgical center in addition to co-orthopedic surgeries, the object of the present research. Entretan-to some complex and lengthy fluoroscopically guided procedures can result in high levels of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation for e-quipe orthopedic surgery and health workers, induce serious damage to health. Considering these aspects, the general objective of this research is to de-termine the occupational exposure of the team of orthopedic surgery proce-dures guided by fluoroscopy and verify observed among the surgeries that offer greater occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, but also the application of basic principles of radiological protection in these procedures. The methodology for this research was the qualitative and quantitative exploratory type. The research was conducted at Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Curitiba (UFPR). Study subjects were members of the team of orthopedic surgery, or orthopedic doctors, residents, anesthesia, surgical instrumentator, technicians and nursing assistants, and nurses. Data collection was performed from January 1 to May 30, 2011. Contributors to the survey, 44 workers who answered a news conference, and a questionnaire with 25 closed questions of. was divided in four groups of eleven participants each, followed by document analysis and monitoring of the area and searched individually. The results we-strated that the health sector professionals surveyed were exposed to ionizing radiation, due to demand-driven surgery equipment emitting ionizing radiation fluoroscopically, and the lack of knowledge in radioprote-tion. Before these findings were suggested by the groups pre-vention measures of these exposures to minimize possible biological effects of ionizing radiation-tions. It was concluded that occupational exposure exists with re-worked in the sector researched, they have little knowledge about the use of radiation protection equipment in surgical procedures with equipment emitting ionizing radiation, properly use the monitors indi-tions.