The work includes basic information about the contaminating radionuclides contained in the eluate obtained from 99mTc molybdenum- technecium generator. Methods of qualification and quantification of these contaminants are designed and discussed theoretically. The results of measurements of energy spectra of the eluate 99mTc are presented and interpreted in a conclusion.

Title: The Preparation of Porous Materials for Radionuclide Capture Author: Bc. Anna Bajzíková Curriculum: Teaching of Chemistry and Biology for Secondary Schools Type of thesis: Master's Department: Department of Teaching and Didactics of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Elaborated: Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Psysical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Advisor: Doc. Ing. Stanislav Smrček, CSc. Consultant: RNDr. Ján Kozempel, Ph.D. Abstract: The use of radionuclides is still increasing and with it also increases the amount of radioactive waste and this waste have to be processed. This thesis is focused on the preparation, characterization and testing of porous materials which could be used for the process of this waste. There were prepared and characterized materials based on silica and zirkonia with a modified surface. For the modification were used styren with divinilbenzene, polyacrilonitrile and diglycolamides at different configurations of these materials. Furthermore, there were prepared materials based on hydroxyapatite and its modifications. Prepared sorbents were tested for radionuclide capture - flow through the column and also in the static experiments. The capture of 227Ac and its daughter's radionuclides...

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has potential as an adsorbent within the 68Ge/68Ga generator context. To function effectively, three basic requirements are required: optimum 68Ga elution efficiency, stability and removal of the 68Ge breakthrough. After analysis of the 68Ga elution efficiency and the 68Ge breakthrough, two models are proposed, namely; surface modification and molecular imprinted polymer, to address factors influencing 68Ga elution efficiency and minimize 68Ge breakthrough. The surface modifiers that were investigated are 3-aminopolypropyltriethoxy silane (3-APTES), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxy silane (3-MPTMS), bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (BAPA) and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine silane (CDMT). / 2023

The well-known neurological disturbances associated with caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the fora men magnum (Chiari malformation) have lead to many radiological studies of the region. With MRI, routine sagittal and parasagittal views of the craniovertebral junction have shown that the position of the cerebellar tonsils is variable, and in many otherwise healthy individuals, the inferior tonsillar margins lie within the fora men magnum itself. In some cases, this topography is associated with little signal from the surrounding cerebra-spinal fluid (CSF), indicating reduction of the cerebellomedullary cistern and, therefore, crowding of neural structures within the confines of the fora men. The objective of this study has been to examine the spatial relationship between the contents of the foramen magnum ie. the medulla and cerebellar tonsils, using a normal sample comprising 120 volunteers. Instead of the conventional measurements of distance, a ratio, the Foramen Magnum Index (FMI), has been determined, derived from the relative surface areas (pixels) of neural parenchyma and CSF, over axially and sagittaly-defined boundaries of the fora men. The FMI, with a 95th centile of 0.77, exhibits appropriate statistical correlation with tonsillar position below the level of the foramen, and is therefore considered specific. As a quantitative means of assessing the cerebellomedullary cistern, the FMI also identifies certain subjects whose tonsils are at the foramen, in whom the cistern is small with resultant neural crowding.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12923号 / 論工博第4116号 / 新制||工||1625(附属図書館) / 32133 / (主査)教授 木村 俊作, 教授 跡見 晴幸, 教授 岩田 博夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

A cintilografia do miocárdio com radioisótopos e associada à administração de vasodilatadores coronários, é método estabelecido para o diagnóstico e estratificação de risco da coronariopatia aterosclerótica obstrutiva, utilizando a angiografia coronária como padrão. As capacidades diagnóstica e prognóstica ótimas são habitualmente obtidas na presença de lesões graves, sendo que para para graus menores de obstrução, de caracterização mais difícil pela própria angiografia coronária, observa-se menor acurácia da prova cintilográfica. Para testar a hipótese de que a cintilografia com adenosina correlaciona-se com os diâmetros e áreas da luz arterial, estabelecidos pela angiografia coronária quantitativa (ACQ) e o ultra-som intracoronário (UIC), avaliando a repercussão funcional das lesões, optamos por avaliar o método em portadores de doença arterial coronária caracterizada como de difícil manejo dentro do processo de decisão clínica. Desta forma, submetemos 70 pacientes (P) consecutivos à cintilografia do miocárdio com 99mTc-MIBI associada à injeção de adenosina, com média de idades de 60,6 anos, sendo 55,7% do sexo masculino, excluindo-se aqueles com angina instável, infarto do miocárdio de evolução recente, bloqueio do ramo esquerdo e outras condições inerentes à realização da prova farmacológica. Estabelecemos como objetivos: 1) a associação dos resultados da prova com as variáveis obtidas da ACQ e UIC; 2) a determinação da acurácia da prova, definida em relação a valores de estenose porcentual do diâmetro da luz, iguais a 50% e obtidos à análise visual da angiografia (%E) e ACQ (%Est); do diâmetro mínimo da luz (DML) e da área mínima da luz (AML) no local de maior estreitamento, iguais a 1,5 mm e 4 mm2 respectivamente, obtidos à ACQ e ao UIC; e da área porcentual de obstrução (AO%), igual a 70%, ao UIC; 3) avaliar a segurança do método pela análise das respostas clínicas, hemodinâmicas e eletrocardiográficas (ECG) ao estímulo farmacológico. A angiografia de admissão evidenciou 105 lesões obstrutivas nos 70 P, com doença em um, dois e três ou mais vasos em 43 P (61,4%), 20 P (28,6%) e 7 P (10%) respectivamente, e envolvimento predominante da artéria descendente anterior. As médias dos valores de %E foram de 49,94% (DP 12,69) e de %Est de 44,20% (DP 10,37), com boa correlação entre os dois métodos (r=0,79). Os resultados da cintilografia foram expressos como variáveis dicotômicas, definindo provas normais e alteradas ou normais e isquêmicas, sendo então associados às médias das variáveis da angiografia e do UIC. Os achados de qualquer alteração da captação às imagens cintilográficas, de hipocaptação sugestiva de isquemia e de alterações do espessamento correlacionaram-se à maior AO% ao UIC. Adicionalmente, as respostas clínicas, do ECG e o resultado das imagens de perfusão foram considerados em conjunto, criando-se uma variável dicotômica para, da mesma forma, traduzir provas normais e alteradas ou isquêmicas. A presença de isquemia, avaliada pela análise global da prova, associou-se a menores DML e AML à ACQ e ao UIC: DML isquêmico x normal pela ACQ= 1,49 mm (DP 0,34) x 1,71 mm, (DP 0,49), p < 0,05; DML isquêmico x normal pelo UIC= 1,63 mm (DP 0,38) x 1,97 mm (DP 0,50), p < 0,05; AML isquêmica x normal pela ACQ= 3,74 mm2 (DP 1,78) x 5,00 mm2 (DP 2,65), p<0,05; e AML isquêmica x normal pelo UIC= 2,74 mm2 (DP 1,38) x 4,01 mm2 (DP 1,79), p < 0,05). A acurácia da prova, expressa pela sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) foi calculada em relação aos valores de corte estabelecidos das variáveis quantitativas. As respostas do ECG, discriminantes em relação à E%, mostraram S=37% e E=77%. As alterações da captação consideradas isquêmicas e associadas à AO% ao UIC evidenciaram S=75%; E=64%; VPP=43% e VPN=88%. Os resultados globais da prova que se mostraram discriminantes, apresentaram os seguintes índices: Método Variável S (%) E (%) VPP (%) VPN (%) ACQ DML 78 44 51 73 ACQ AML 71 43 65 50 UIC DML 93 39 50 90 UIC AML 83 56 86 50 Conclusões: Para a população estudada, a cintilografia com 99mTc-MIBI e injeção de adenosina correlaciona-se à AO% ao UIC, considerando-se as imagens de perfusão e de espessamento ventricular. Na avaliação dos resultados globais, caracterizados a partir da adição dos dados do ECG e das manifestações clínicas durante a injeção de adenosina às imagens, observa-se associação com os diâmetros e as áreas da luz nos locais de maior obstrução, obtidos à ACQ e ao UIC. Adicionalmente, pela análise das respostas clínicas, ECG e hemodinâmicas, o método mostrou-se seguro e factível / Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with 99mTechnetium - MIBI in combination with pharmacological vasodilation is used to detect ischemia and for the risk stratification of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), employing coronary angiography as gold standard. The best accuracy is found in presence of high-grade coronary stenosis, limited when less severity is seen. To test the hyphotesis that adenosine SPECT MPI correlates with coronary lesion lumen diameter and area dimensions by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis, we intent to test the method in patients (P) with known coronary disease. Seventy consecutive P (55,7% male, mean age 60,6) were referred to adenosine SPECT 99mTc-MIBI. Were excluded those one with unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, left bundle branch block, and any other conditions that makes the pharmacological stress impossible. The objectives were: 1) to establish the association between the clinical, EKG and scintigraphic findings with the QCA and IVUS variables; 2) to determine the accuracy of the test, based upon defined discriminant values of 50% luminal diameter narrowing by visual analysis of coronary angiography and QCA; minimum luminal diameter (MLD) and minimum luminal area (MLA) of 1,5 mm and 4 mm2 respectively, derived from QCA and IVUS and luminal percent area stenosis (AS%) of 70% by IVUS; 3) to determine the safety and feasibility of the method, throughout clinical, hemodinamic and electrocardiographic (EKG) responses to pharmacological vasodilation. The coronary angiography revealed 105 native artery lesions in 70 P, with one, two and multivessel disease in 43 p (61,4%), 20 p (28,6%) and 7 p (10%) respectively. Left anterior descending artery disease was present in 58%, 70% and 86% of the patients, respectively. Mean percent diameter stenosis values were 49,94% (SD 12,69) by visual analysis of angiography and 44,20% (SD 10,37) by QCA. Myocardial scintigraphy findings were defined as dicotomic variables categorized as normal x abnormal uptake or normal x reversible uptake; these findings were associated with visual, QCA and IVUS variables through mean comparison (t test). Chest pain during adenosine infusion was not related with greater stenosis severity, but ischemic EKG abnormalities were associated with different mean values when percent diameter stenosis derived from visual analysis was compared (p < 0,05). Therefore, any myocardial uptake abnormality, reversible uptake or any tickening abnormalities were correlated with AS% by IVUS (p< 0,05). Finally, the clinical, electrocardiographic and scintigraphic findings were considered together and categorized into global abnormal x normal response or global ischemic x normal response. Global ischemic response was associated to smaller mean values of MLD and MLA by QCA and IVUS: ischemic x normal MLD by QCA = 1,49 ± 0,34 mm x 1,71 ± 0,49 mm, p< 0,05; ischemic x normal MLD by IVUS = 1,63 ± 0,38 mm x 1,97 ± 0,50 mm, p<0,05; ischemic x normal MLA by QCA = 3,74 ± 1,78 mm2 x 5,00 ± 2,65 mm2, p<0,05; and ischemic x normal MLA by IVUS = 2,74 ± 1,38 mm2 x 4,01 ± 1,79 mm2, p<0,05). Sensitivity (S), Specificity (Sp), Predictive positive (PPV) and negative values (PNV) were calculated based upon discriminate values from visual, QCA and IVUS. The EKG response, related to percent diameter luminal stenosis by visual analysis of angiography showed S=37% and Sp=77%. Reversible uptake had S=75%; Sp=64%; PPV=43% and PNV=88%. The global ischemic findings that were discriminant are described bellow: Method Variable S (%) Sp (%) PPV (%) PNV (%) QCA DML 78 44 51 73 QCA AML 71 43 65 50 IVUS DML 93 39 50 90 IVUS AML 83 56 86 50 Considering the studied population with known coronary artery disease, perfusion and thickening adenosine SPECT results are associated with AS% by IVUS. When Clinical, EKG and scintigraphic findings are considered together as a dicotomic variable (ischemia x normal), correlation is observed between MLD and MLA by QCA and IVUS. Also, the method is considered feasible and safe, when clinical, hemodinamic and EKG abnormalities are evaluated

A cintilografia do miocárdio com radioisótopos e associada à administração de vasodilatadores coronários, é método estabelecido para o diagnóstico e estratificação de risco da coronariopatia aterosclerótica obstrutiva, utilizando a angiografia coronária como padrão. As capacidades diagnóstica e prognóstica ótimas são habitualmente obtidas na presença de lesões graves, sendo que para para graus menores de obstrução, de caracterização mais difícil pela própria angiografia coronária, observa-se menor acurácia da prova cintilográfica. Para testar a hipótese de que a cintilografia com adenosina correlaciona-se com os diâmetros e áreas da luz arterial, estabelecidos pela angiografia coronária quantitativa (ACQ) e o ultra-som intracoronário (UIC), avaliando a repercussão funcional das lesões, optamos por avaliar o método em portadores de doença arterial coronária caracterizada como de difícil manejo dentro do processo de decisão clínica. Desta forma, submetemos 70 pacientes (P) consecutivos à cintilografia do miocárdio com 99mTc-MIBI associada à injeção de adenosina, com média de idades de 60,6 anos, sendo 55,7% do sexo masculino, excluindo-se aqueles com angina instável, infarto do miocárdio de evolução recente, bloqueio do ramo esquerdo e outras condições inerentes à realização da prova farmacológica. Estabelecemos como objetivos: 1) a associação dos resultados da prova com as variáveis obtidas da ACQ e UIC; 2) a determinação da acurácia da prova, definida em relação a valores de estenose porcentual do diâmetro da luz, iguais a 50% e obtidos à análise visual da angiografia (%E) e ACQ (%Est); do diâmetro mínimo da luz (DML) e da área mínima da luz (AML) no local de maior estreitamento, iguais a 1,5 mm e 4 mm2 respectivamente, obtidos à ACQ e ao UIC; e da área porcentual de obstrução (AO%), igual a 70%, ao UIC; 3) avaliar a segurança do método pela análise das respostas clínicas, hemodinâmicas e eletrocardiográficas (ECG) ao estímulo farmacológico. A angiografia de admissão evidenciou 105 lesões obstrutivas nos 70 P, com doença em um, dois e três ou mais vasos em 43 P (61,4%), 20 P (28,6%) e 7 P (10%) respectivamente, e envolvimento predominante da artéria descendente anterior. As médias dos valores de %E foram de 49,94% (DP 12,69) e de %Est de 44,20% (DP 10,37), com boa correlação entre os dois métodos (r=0,79). Os resultados da cintilografia foram expressos como variáveis dicotômicas, definindo provas normais e alteradas ou normais e isquêmicas, sendo então associados às médias das variáveis da angiografia e do UIC. Os achados de qualquer alteração da captação às imagens cintilográficas, de hipocaptação sugestiva de isquemia e de alterações do espessamento correlacionaram-se à maior AO% ao UIC. Adicionalmente, as respostas clínicas, do ECG e o resultado das imagens de perfusão foram considerados em conjunto, criando-se uma variável dicotômica para, da mesma forma, traduzir provas normais e alteradas ou isquêmicas. A presença de isquemia, avaliada pela análise global da prova, associou-se a menores DML e AML à ACQ e ao UIC: DML isquêmico x normal pela ACQ= 1,49 mm (DP 0,34) x 1,71 mm, (DP 0,49), p < 0,05; DML isquêmico x normal pelo UIC= 1,63 mm (DP 0,38) x 1,97 mm (DP 0,50), p < 0,05; AML isquêmica x normal pela ACQ= 3,74 mm2 (DP 1,78) x 5,00 mm2 (DP 2,65), p<0,05; e AML isquêmica x normal pelo UIC= 2,74 mm2 (DP 1,38) x 4,01 mm2 (DP 1,79), p < 0,05). A acurácia da prova, expressa pela sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) foi calculada em relação aos valores de corte estabelecidos das variáveis quantitativas. As respostas do ECG, discriminantes em relação à E%, mostraram S=37% e E=77%. As alterações da captação consideradas isquêmicas e associadas à AO% ao UIC evidenciaram S=75%; E=64%; VPP=43% e VPN=88%. Os resultados globais da prova que se mostraram discriminantes, apresentaram os seguintes índices: Método Variável S (%) E (%) VPP (%) VPN (%) ACQ DML 78 44 51 73 ACQ AML 71 43 65 50 UIC DML 93 39 50 90 UIC AML 83 56 86 50 Conclusões: Para a população estudada, a cintilografia com 99mTc-MIBI e injeção de adenosina correlaciona-se à AO% ao UIC, considerando-se as imagens de perfusão e de espessamento ventricular. Na avaliação dos resultados globais, caracterizados a partir da adição dos dados do ECG e das manifestações clínicas durante a injeção de adenosina às imagens, observa-se associação com os diâmetros e as áreas da luz nos locais de maior obstrução, obtidos à ACQ e ao UIC. Adicionalmente, pela análise das respostas clínicas, ECG e hemodinâmicas, o método mostrou-se seguro e factível / Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with 99mTechnetium - MIBI in combination with pharmacological vasodilation is used to detect ischemia and for the risk stratification of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), employing coronary angiography as gold standard. The best accuracy is found in presence of high-grade coronary stenosis, limited when less severity is seen. To test the hyphotesis that adenosine SPECT MPI correlates with coronary lesion lumen diameter and area dimensions by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis, we intent to test the method in patients (P) with known coronary disease. Seventy consecutive P (55,7% male, mean age 60,6) were referred to adenosine SPECT 99mTc-MIBI. Were excluded those one with unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, left bundle branch block, and any other conditions that makes the pharmacological stress impossible. The objectives were: 1) to establish the association between the clinical, EKG and scintigraphic findings with the QCA and IVUS variables; 2) to determine the accuracy of the test, based upon defined discriminant values of 50% luminal diameter narrowing by visual analysis of coronary angiography and QCA; minimum luminal diameter (MLD) and minimum luminal area (MLA) of 1,5 mm and 4 mm2 respectively, derived from QCA and IVUS and luminal percent area stenosis (AS%) of 70% by IVUS; 3) to determine the safety and feasibility of the method, throughout clinical, hemodinamic and electrocardiographic (EKG) responses to pharmacological vasodilation. The coronary angiography revealed 105 native artery lesions in 70 P, with one, two and multivessel disease in 43 p (61,4%), 20 p (28,6%) and 7 p (10%) respectively. Left anterior descending artery disease was present in 58%, 70% and 86% of the patients, respectively. Mean percent diameter stenosis values were 49,94% (SD 12,69) by visual analysis of angiography and 44,20% (SD 10,37) by QCA. Myocardial scintigraphy findings were defined as dicotomic variables categorized as normal x abnormal uptake or normal x reversible uptake; these findings were associated with visual, QCA and IVUS variables through mean comparison (t test). Chest pain during adenosine infusion was not related with greater stenosis severity, but ischemic EKG abnormalities were associated with different mean values when percent diameter stenosis derived from visual analysis was compared (p < 0,05). Therefore, any myocardial uptake abnormality, reversible uptake or any tickening abnormalities were correlated with AS% by IVUS (p< 0,05). Finally, the clinical, electrocardiographic and scintigraphic findings were considered together and categorized into global abnormal x normal response or global ischemic x normal response. Global ischemic response was associated to smaller mean values of MLD and MLA by QCA and IVUS: ischemic x normal MLD by QCA = 1,49 ± 0,34 mm x 1,71 ± 0,49 mm, p< 0,05; ischemic x normal MLD by IVUS = 1,63 ± 0,38 mm x 1,97 ± 0,50 mm, p<0,05; ischemic x normal MLA by QCA = 3,74 ± 1,78 mm2 x 5,00 ± 2,65 mm2, p<0,05; and ischemic x normal MLA by IVUS = 2,74 ± 1,38 mm2 x 4,01 ± 1,79 mm2, p<0,05). Sensitivity (S), Specificity (Sp), Predictive positive (PPV) and negative values (PNV) were calculated based upon discriminate values from visual, QCA and IVUS. The EKG response, related to percent diameter luminal stenosis by visual analysis of angiography showed S=37% and Sp=77%. Reversible uptake had S=75%; Sp=64%; PPV=43% and PNV=88%. The global ischemic findings that were discriminant are described bellow: Method Variable S (%) Sp (%) PPV (%) PNV (%) QCA DML 78 44 51 73 QCA AML 71 43 65 50 IVUS DML 93 39 50 90 IVUS AML 83 56 86 50 Considering the studied population with known coronary artery disease, perfusion and thickening adenosine SPECT results are associated with AS% by IVUS. When Clinical, EKG and scintigraphic findings are considered together as a dicotomic variable (ischemia x normal), correlation is observed between MLD and MLA by QCA and IVUS. Also, the method is considered feasible and safe, when clinical, hemodinamic and EKG abnormalities are evaluated

Thesis (MScMedSc (Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology. Nuclear Medicine))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Introduction: Whole body bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP is able to provide a survey of the entire skeleton. The question arises if it is mandatory to perform a whole body bone scan in all patients, irrespective of the clinical indication. The aim of this study is to determine the implications of performing limited imaging in patients who had whole body bone scan for various clinical patholgy with Tc-99m MDP, in order to determine if limited imaging would be acceptable in selected pathologies. This may enable gamma camera time to be optimally utilized in units with limited facilities. Materials and Methods: Reports of 3015 patients with various clinical pathologies who had whole body bone scans with Tc-99m MDP in our department from January 2002 to December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of pathologic radiotracer uptake was analyzed in order to establish the pattern of distribution. Clinically significant skeletal lesions were classified according to the anatomical regions where they were located viz; skull (including the neck), axial skeleton (including the pelvis and shoulders) and limbs. Results: Our results showed that in patients with lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and myeloma, there was an error in more than 25% of patients when limited imaging was performed. In patients with cancer of the breast, prostate, kidney, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive system and lymphoma there is an error in less than 5% of patients when limited imaging is employed. For iv patients with more localized musculoskeletal disorders such as suspected stress fractures, complicated joint prosthesis and avascular necrosis of the femur head, regional imaging of the area of pathology showed a percentage error of less than 6%.