För alpina skidåkare mäter man prestationer i så kallad FIS-ranking. Vi undersöker några metoder för hur man kan analysera data där responsen består av ranger som dessa. Vid situationer då responsdata utgörs av urval av ranger finns ingen självklar analysmetod. Det vi undersöker är skillnaderna vid användandet av olika regressionsanpassningar så som linjär, logistisk och ordinal logistisk regression för att analysera data av denna typ. Vidare används bootstrap för att bilda konfidensintervall. Det visar sig att för våra datamaterial ger metoderna liknande resultat när det gäller att hitta betydelsefulla förklarande variabler. Man kan därmed utgående från denna undersökning, inte se några skäl till varför man ska använda de mer avancerade modellerna. / Alpine skiers measure their performance in FIS ranking. We will investigate some methods on how to analyze data where response data is based on ranks like this. In situations where response data is based on ranks there is no obvious method of analysis. Here, we examine differences in the use of linear, logistic and ordinal logistic regression to analyze data of this type. Bootstrap is used to make confidence intervals. For our data these methods give similar results when it comes to finding important explanatory variables. Based on this survey we cannot see any reason why one should use the more advanced models.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-18T14:16:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Stelio Bezerra Pinheiro de Lima.pdf: 201477 bytes, checksum: 35d50d2769fdf933330fdaa55a3cd9fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stelio Bezerra Pinheiro de Lima.pdf: 201477 bytes, checksum: 35d50d2769fdf933330fdaa55a3cd9fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition and the metabolic yield of the integral germ of corn (IGC), bran of glúten 21% (BG-21) and bran of glúten 60% (BG-60). Three samples of each waste was analyzes: dry matter, crude protein, ash, fat, crude energy, crud fiber concentration. After, three assays of metabolization was carried through, which had represented the phases: initial, growth and termination of the free-range chicken, for determines the coefficients of apparent metabolization of the dry matter (CAMDM) and of the crude energy (CAMCE), the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), true metabolizable energy (TME) and true corrected for nitrogen (TMEn). The IGC obtained high concentration the fat (46.24%), whereas the high bG-21 CF values (10.55%) and the G-60 values of CP above of 65.97%. CAMDM andCAMCB was highest for the BG-60 (56.82 and 63.73%), after of the IGC (45.36 and 41.00%) and of the BG-21 (27.94 and 30.43%). The mesas values of AMEn were: 2,701; 1,069 and 3,195 kcal/kg for the IGC, the BG-21 and the BG-60, respectively. The crescent linear effect the age for energy metbolizable values in the IGC and BG-21. / O experimento teve como objetivo estudar a composição química e o aproveitamento metabólico do gérmen integral de milho (GIM), do farelo de glúten 21% (FG-21) e do glúten 60% (G-60). Inicialmente três amostras de cada alimento foram analisadas quanto aos teores de MS, PB, MM, EE, EB, FB. Em seguida foram realizados três ensaios de digestibilidade nas fases inicial, crescimento e terminação do frango caipira, para determina os coeficientes de metabolização aparente da matéria seca (CMAMS) e da energia bruta (CMAEB), a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) e a energia metabolizável verdadeira (EMV) e verdadeira corrigida para nitrogênio (EMVn). O GIM apresentou alto teor de EE (46.24%), enquanto que o FG-21 altos teores de FB (10,55%) e o G-60 teores de PB acima de 65,97%. Os CMAMS e CMAEB foram maiores para o G-60 (56,82 e 63,73%), seguido do GIM (45,36 e 41,00%) e posteriormente do FG-21 (27.94 e 30,43%). Os valores médios de EMAn foram: 2.701, 1.069 e 3.195 kcal/kg para o GIM, o FG-21 e o G-60, respectivamente, sendo os maiores valores com o avançar da idade, exceto para o G-60.

No description available.

This thesis is the about the life of Rudder. The emphasis of this work, however, is that Rudder was successful primarily because of his character and leadership style. Much of the study was drawn from primary sources. Secondary sources were also consulted. This thesis opens with a brief Introduction, which discusses the need for this work. Chapter 1 discusses Rudder's life prior to WW II, emphasizing particular characteristics that benefited his leadership ability. Chapter 2 examines the 2nd Ranger Battalion's transformation under Rudder's leadership and guidance. Chapter 3 chronicles the 2nd Ranger Battalion's assault on the Pointe du Hoc battery, ending in December 1944, when Col. Rudder was reassigned to the 109th Infantry Regiment. Moreover, the controversy surrounding the Ranger's mission is also examined in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes Col. Rudder's leadership with the 109th in the Battle of the Bulge. A chapter accounting Rudder's political career and leadership follows. Chapter 6 examines his term as chancellor and president of the Texas A&M University system, until his death in 1970, and the major institutional changes that he enacted during his tenure, which resulted in A&M becoming the respected research university it is today. This significance and recapitulation of Rudder's life and leadership will follow in the Conclusion.

O conhecimento das características funcionais da Síndrome de Down (SD) é importante para a ciência odontológica, pois indivíduos com SD apresentam alterações craniofaciais e dentárias que alteram o desempenho do sistema estomatognático. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar padrões de referência da força de mordida molar direita (FMMD) e esquerda (FMME) máximas de indivíduos com SD analisando a influência da idade, além de compará-los com indivíduos sem síndrome de Down. A abertura bucal, estalo na ATM, ranger dos dentes (sono e vigília) foram avaliados nos indivíduos com SD. Participaram 100 indivíduos com SD que foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: crianças entre 8 e 12 anos (GSDI, n=28); adolescentes entre 13 e 20 anos (GSDII, n=30); adultos jovens entre 21 e 40 anos (GSDIII, n=29) e adultos entre 41 e 60 anos (GSDIV, n=13). Os GSD (I, II, III e IV) foram pareados sujeito a sujeito com seus respectivos controles sem síndrome (GCI, GCII, GCIII e GCIV) por idade, gênero e IMC. Os registros da FMMD e FMME foram captados pelo dinamômetro digital. O estalo sem dor (ESD), ranger dos dentes no sono (RS) e na vigília (RV) foram analisados por meio de questionário anamnésico. A abertura sem auxílio e sem dor (A), abertura máxima sem auxílio (MSA) e abertura máxima com auxílio (MCA) foram mensuradas por régua milimétrica. Os dados de FMM máximas, abertura bucal foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística (SPSS 22.0, p ≤0,05). Os dados de ESD, RS e RV em indivíduos com SD foram demonstrados em valores percentuais. Houve diferença estatística significante (ANOVA, p ≤ 0,05) para FMME no GSD ao longo dos anos (p=0,00) registrando maior força para o GSDII. Na comparação dos Grupos etários com os Grupos controles houve diferença estatística significante (teste t de student, p ≤ 0,05) para FMMD: GSDII X GCII (p=0,00), GSDIII X GCIII (p=0,00), GSDIV X GCIV (p=0,00) e FMME: GSDI X GCI (p=0,00), GSDII X GCII (p=0,00), GSDIII X GCIII (p=0,00) e GSDIV X GCIV (p=0,00). As FMMD e FMME dos Grupos etários com SD foram menores quando comparados aos GC (I, II, III e IV). Na abertura bucal ocorreu diferença estatística significante (ANOVA, p ≤ 0,05) ao longo dos anos: A (p=0,00), MSA (p=0,00) e MCA (p=0,00) com maior A no GSDII e maior MSA e MCA no GSDIII. O GSDIII apresentou maior valor percentual de ESD e RDV e o GSDI maior de RDS. Os resultados deste estudo determinaram padrões referenciais de FMM ao longo dos anos em indivíduos com SD, com maior força para os adolescentes, diminuição gradual durante o envelhecimento, menor força máxima quando comparado aos indivíduos sem síndrome, influência da idade na abertura bucal e presença de ESD, RS e RV. / Knowledge of the functional characteristics of Down Syndrome (DS) is important for dental science, since individuals with DS present craniofacial and dental alterations that alter the performance of the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to determine reference patterns of maximal right (RMBF) and left (LMBF) molar bite force of SD individuals by analyzing the influence of age, as well as comparing them with healthy individuals. The mouth opening, clicking in the TMJ, teeth grinding (sleep and wakefulness) were evaluated in individuals with DS. A total of 100 individuals with DS were divided into four groups: children aged 8 to 12 years (DSGI, n = 28); Adolescents between 13 and 20 years old (DSGII, n = 30); Young adults aged between 21 and 40 years (DSGIII, n = 29) and adults between 41 and 60 years (DSGIV, n = 13). GDSs (I, II, III and IV) were paired subject to their respective healthy controls (CGI, CGII, CGIII and CGIV) by age, gender and BMI. RMBF and LMBF records were captured by the digital dynamometer. The painless popping (PP), teeth grinding in sleep (GS) and wakefulness (W) were analyzed by means of an anamnestic questionnaire. The pain free opening (PFO), maximum unassisted opening (MUO), maximum assisted opening (MAO) mouth opening were measured by millimeter rule. Maximum MBF data, mouth opening were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (SPSS 22.0, P≤0.05). The PP, GS and W data in individuals with SD were demonstrated in percentage values. There was a statistically significant difference (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) for LMBF in GDS over the years (P = 0.00), registering the highest force for DSGII. In the comparison between age groups and control groups without SD, there was a significant statistical difference (Student t test, P ≤ 0.05) for RMBF: DSGII X CGII (P = 0.00), DSGIII X CGIII (P = 0.00), DSGIV X CGIV (P = 0.00) and LMBF: DSGI X CGI (P = 0.00), DSG II X CGII (P = 0.00), DSGIII X CGIII (P = 0.00) and DSGIV X CGIV (P = 0.00). The RMBF and LMBF of the age groups with SD were smaller when compared to the CG (I, II, III and IV). In the mouth opening, there was a significant statistical difference (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) over the years: PFO (p = 0.00), MUO (P = 0.00) and MAO (P = 0.00) In DSGII and higher MUO and MAO in DSGIII. The DSGIII had the highest percentage of PP and W and the highest DSGI of GS. The results of this study determined reference patterns of MBF over the years in individuals with DS, with greater strength in adolescents, gradual decrease during aging, lower maximum strength when compared to healthy individuals, influence of age on mouth opening and presence of PP,GS and W.

O conhecimento das características funcionais da Síndrome de Down (SD) é importante para a ciência odontológica, pois indivíduos com SD apresentam alterações craniofaciais e dentárias que alteram o desempenho do sistema estomatognático. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar padrões de referência da força de mordida molar direita (FMMD) e esquerda (FMME) máximas de indivíduos com SD analisando a influência da idade, além de compará-los com indivíduos sem síndrome de Down. A abertura bucal, estalo na ATM, ranger dos dentes (sono e vigília) foram avaliados nos indivíduos com SD. Participaram 100 indivíduos com SD que foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: crianças entre 8 e 12 anos (GSDI, n=28); adolescentes entre 13 e 20 anos (GSDII, n=30); adultos jovens entre 21 e 40 anos (GSDIII, n=29) e adultos entre 41 e 60 anos (GSDIV, n=13). Os GSD (I, II, III e IV) foram pareados sujeito a sujeito com seus respectivos controles sem síndrome (GCI, GCII, GCIII e GCIV) por idade, gênero e IMC. Os registros da FMMD e FMME foram captados pelo dinamômetro digital. O estalo sem dor (ESD), ranger dos dentes no sono (RS) e na vigília (RV) foram analisados por meio de questionário anamnésico. A abertura sem auxílio e sem dor (A), abertura máxima sem auxílio (MSA) e abertura máxima com auxílio (MCA) foram mensuradas por régua milimétrica. Os dados de FMM máximas, abertura bucal foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística (SPSS 22.0, p ≤0,05). Os dados de ESD, RS e RV em indivíduos com SD foram demonstrados em valores percentuais. Houve diferença estatística significante (ANOVA, p ≤ 0,05) para FMME no GSD ao longo dos anos (p=0,00) registrando maior força para o GSDII. Na comparação dos Grupos etários com os Grupos controles houve diferença estatística significante (teste t de student, p ≤ 0,05) para FMMD: GSDII X GCII (p=0,00), GSDIII X GCIII (p=0,00), GSDIV X GCIV (p=0,00) e FMME: GSDI X GCI (p=0,00), GSDII X GCII (p=0,00), GSDIII X GCIII (p=0,00) e GSDIV X GCIV (p=0,00). As FMMD e FMME dos Grupos etários com SD foram menores quando comparados aos GC (I, II, III e IV). Na abertura bucal ocorreu diferença estatística significante (ANOVA, p ≤ 0,05) ao longo dos anos: A (p=0,00), MSA (p=0,00) e MCA (p=0,00) com maior A no GSDII e maior MSA e MCA no GSDIII. O GSDIII apresentou maior valor percentual de ESD e RDV e o GSDI maior de RDS. Os resultados deste estudo determinaram padrões referenciais de FMM ao longo dos anos em indivíduos com SD, com maior força para os adolescentes, diminuição gradual durante o envelhecimento, menor força máxima quando comparado aos indivíduos sem síndrome, influência da idade na abertura bucal e presença de ESD, RS e RV. / Knowledge of the functional characteristics of Down Syndrome (DS) is important for dental science, since individuals with DS present craniofacial and dental alterations that alter the performance of the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to determine reference patterns of maximal right (RMBF) and left (LMBF) molar bite force of SD individuals by analyzing the influence of age, as well as comparing them with healthy individuals. The mouth opening, clicking in the TMJ, teeth grinding (sleep and wakefulness) were evaluated in individuals with DS. A total of 100 individuals with DS were divided into four groups: children aged 8 to 12 years (DSGI, n = 28); Adolescents between 13 and 20 years old (DSGII, n = 30); Young adults aged between 21 and 40 years (DSGIII, n = 29) and adults between 41 and 60 years (DSGIV, n = 13). GDSs (I, II, III and IV) were paired subject to their respective healthy controls (CGI, CGII, CGIII and CGIV) by age, gender and BMI. RMBF and LMBF records were captured by the digital dynamometer. The painless popping (PP), teeth grinding in sleep (GS) and wakefulness (W) were analyzed by means of an anamnestic questionnaire. The pain free opening (PFO), maximum unassisted opening (MUO), maximum assisted opening (MAO) mouth opening were measured by millimeter rule. Maximum MBF data, mouth opening were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (SPSS 22.0, P≤0.05). The PP, GS and W data in individuals with SD were demonstrated in percentage values. There was a statistically significant difference (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) for LMBF in GDS over the years (P = 0.00), registering the highest force for DSGII. In the comparison between age groups and control groups without SD, there was a significant statistical difference (Student t test, P ≤ 0.05) for RMBF: DSGII X CGII (P = 0.00), DSGIII X CGIII (P = 0.00), DSGIV X CGIV (P = 0.00) and LMBF: DSGI X CGI (P = 0.00), DSG II X CGII (P = 0.00), DSGIII X CGIII (P = 0.00) and DSGIV X CGIV (P = 0.00). The RMBF and LMBF of the age groups with SD were smaller when compared to the CG (I, II, III and IV). In the mouth opening, there was a significant statistical difference (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) over the years: PFO (p = 0.00), MUO (P = 0.00) and MAO (P = 0.00) In DSGII and higher MUO and MAO in DSGIII. The DSGIII had the highest percentage of PP and W and the highest DSGI of GS. The results of this study determined reference patterns of MBF over the years in individuals with DS, with greater strength in adolescents, gradual decrease during aging, lower maximum strength when compared to healthy individuals, influence of age on mouth opening and presence of PP,GS and W.

La perception de scènes routières est un domaine de recherche très actif. Cette thèse se focalise sur la détection et le suivi d’objets par fusion de données d’un système multi-capteurs composé d’un télémètre laser, une caméra fisheye et un système de positionnement global (GPS). Plusieurs étapes de la chaîne de perception sont ´ étudiées : le calibrage extrinsèque du couple caméra fisheye / télémètre laser, la détection de la route et enfin la détection et le suivi d’obstacles sur la route.Afin de traiter les informations géométriques du télémètre laser et de la caméra fisheye dans un repère commun, une nouvelle approche de calibrage extrinsèque entre les deux capteurs est proposée. La caméra fisheye est d’abord calibrée intrinsèquement. Pour cela, trois modèles de la littérature sont étudiés et comparés. Ensuite, pour le calibrage extrinsèque entre les capteurs,la normale au plan du télémètre laser est estimée par une approche de RANSAC couplée `a une régression linéaire `a partir de points connus dans le repère des deux capteurs. Enfin une méthode des moindres carres basée sur des contraintes géométriques entre les points connus, la normale au plan et les données du télémètre laser permet de calculer les paramètres extrinsèques. La méthode proposée est testée et évaluée en simulation et sur des données réelles.On s’intéresse ensuite `a la détection de la route à partir des données issues de la caméra fisheye et du télémètre laser. La détection de la route est initialisée `a partir du calcul de l’image invariante aux conditions d’illumination basée sur l’espace log-chromatique. Un seuillage sur l’histogramme normalisé est appliqué pour classifier les pixels de la route. Ensuite, la cohérence de la détection de la route est vérifiée en utilisant les mesures du télémètre laser. La segmentation de la route est enfin affinée en exploitant deux détections de la route successives. Pour cela, une carte de distance est calculée dans l’espace couleur HSI (Hue,Saturation, Intensity). La méthode est expérimentée sur des données réelles. Une méthode de détection d’obstacles basée sur les données de la caméra fisheye, du télémètre laser, d’un GPS et d’une cartographie routière est ensuite proposée. On s’intéresse notamment aux objets mobiles apparaissant flous dans l’image fisheye. Les régions d’intérêts de l’image sont extraites `a partir de la méthode de détection de la route proposée précédemment. Puis, la détection dans l’image du marquage de la ligne centrale de la route est mise en correspondance avec un modelé de route reconstruit `a partir des données GPS et cartographiques. Pour cela, la transformation IPM (Inverse Perspective Mapping) est appliquée à l’image. Les régions contenant potentiellement des obstacles sont alors extraites puis confirmées à l’aide du télémètre laser.L’approche est testée sur des données réelles et comparée `a deux méthodes de la littérature. Enfin, la dernière problématique étudiée est le suivi temporel des obstacles détectés `a l’aide de l’utilisation conjointe des données de la caméra fisheye et du télémètre laser. Pour cela, les resultats de détection d’obstacles précédemment obtenus sont exploit ´es ainsi qu’une approche de croissance de région. La méthode proposée est également testée sur des données réelles. / Road scene understanding is one of key research topics of intelligent vehicles. This thesis focuses on detection and tracking of obstacles by multisensors data fusion and analysis. The considered system is composed of a lidar, a fisheye camera and aglobal positioning system (GPS). Several steps of the perception scheme are studied: extrinsic calibration between fisheye camera and lidar, road detection and obstacles detection and tracking. Firstly, a new method for extinsic calibration between fisheye camera and lidar is proposed. For intrinsic modeling of the fisheye camera, three models of the literatureare studied and compared. For extrinsic calibration between the two sensors, the normal to the lidar plane is firstly estimated based on the determination of ń known ż points. The extrinsic parameters are then computed using a least square approachbased on geometrical constraints, the lidar plane normal and the lidar measurements. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to road detection exploiting both fisheye camera and lidar data. The road is firstly coarse detected considering the illumination invariant image. Then the normalised histogram based classification is validated using the lidar data. The road segmentation is finally refined exploiting two successive roaddetection results and distance map computed in HSI color space. The third step focuses on obstacles detection, especially in case of motion blur. The proposed method combines previously detected road, map, GPS and lidar information.Regions of interest are extracted from previously road detection. Then road central lines are extracted from the image and matched with road shape model extracted from 2DŋSIG map. Lidar measurements are used to validated the results.The final step is object tracking still using fisheye camera and lidar. The proposed method is based on previously detected obstacles and a region growth approach. All the methods proposed in this thesis are tested, evaluated and compared to stateŋofŋtheŋart approaches using real data acquired with the IRTESŋSET laboratory experimental platform.

The Tongass National Forest in southeast Alaska contains 2,176 square kilometers of karst. As part of the evolving Tongass Land Management Plan, research into the function of karst systems is crucial in understanding how forest management affects not only karst areas but also surrounding ecosystems. Dye trace and water balance results in two watersheds on the north end of Prince of Wales Island demonstrate the difficulty in containing the effects of management, as water can enter karst catchments from unknown sources at different flow regimes. A dye trace was conducted in Windgate and Canyon Block watersheds. Two sinking streams were traced to one resurgence spring in Canyon Block, and four sinking streams were traced to one resurgence spring in Windgate. Water balance data calculated for the entire study period and individual storm events suggests that Windgate has been sufficiently delineated. Data from the study period and storm event water balance calculations for Canyon Block suggest that at high flow discharge is pirated into Canyon Block from another system. High resolution monitoring in each catchment show that there is no significant delay between the increase in discharge and the arrival of direct runoff, as evidenced by the quick decrease in specific conductance. This could result in a quick transmission of sediment and contaminants through the karst system into downstream salmon habitat.

No description available.

No description available.