Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-27T11:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1980329 bytes, checksum: a8e7c1d6708e67f164b513d345c81074 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-27T11:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1980329 bytes, checksum: a8e7c1d6708e67f164b513d345c81074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / This study aims to give an overview of the current scenario of the Brazilian rap. From the beginning of the XXI century a significant change in the Brazilian “ rap world”. Increased visibility in the entertainment industry as well as the incorporation of rap to a market logic sets new boundaries in this musical style generally associated with ghettos of large cities.This work aims to reflect two fundamental aspects of the world of Brazilian rap. Seeks to analyze the look that rappers dropped on the city and investigate how the sound emanating from the streets falls in the entertainment industry.The trajectory and the songs of rappers Criolo, Shawlin, Emicida and Marechal will be analyzed. His works help to thematize important changes in the rap music scene. The study of music was developed to understand the meanings attributed to the urban experience and the major dilemmas faced by artists in the current Brazilian cultural scene.The relationship of rap with the media presents as a space of constant negotiation. The national rap presents itself as a space laden with contradictions, especially from the moment they begin to share and reproduce the structures of the cultural industry. When the street culture of commodification shall be subject she enters in the dominant ideology circuits. With that contributes a universe of representations based on pictures fame, power and money. However, we must remember that rap is allowed to bring out elements of a discourse that is somewhat different from the standards established by the society of spectacle. On one hand, the entry in the cultural industry tends to give the rap traces of the goods produced in series, subordinating the language of standardized patterns targeting only the profit, on the other hand one can not forget in this worldview resistance that emerges the songs of rappers. / O presente trabalho traça um panorama do cenário atual do rap brasileiro. A partir do início do século XXI ocorre uma mudança significativa no “mundo do rap” brasileiro. A maior visibilidade na indústria de entretenimento, assim como a incorporação do rapa uma lógica de mercado configura novos contornos a este estilo musical geralmente associado aos guetos das grandes metrópoles. Este trabalho pretende refletir dois aspectos fundamentais do mundo do rap brasileiro. Busca-se analisar o olhar que os rappers lançam sobre a cidade e investigar o modo como o som que emana das ruas se insere na indústria de entretenimento. Serão analisadas a trajetória e as canções dos rappers Criolo, Shawlin, Emicida e Marechal. Suas obras ajudam a tematizar mudanças importantes no cenário musical do rap na contemporaneidade.O estudo das músicas foi desenvolvido no intuito de compreender os sentidos atribuídos à experiência urbana e os principais dilemas enfrentados pelos artistas no atual cenário cultural brasileiro. O relacionamento do rap com a mídia se apresenta como um espaço de negociação constante. O rap nacional se apresenta como um espaço carregado de contradições, principalmente a partir do momento em que começa a fazer parte e reproduzir as estruturas da indústria cultural. Quando a cultura de rua passa a ser objeto de mercantilização ela entra nos circuitos da ideologia dominante. Com isso, contribui com um universo de representações baseados em imagens de fama, poder e dinheiro. No entanto, devemos lembrar que o rap tem permitido trazer à tona elementos de um discurso que representa diferenças em relação aos padrões estabelecidos pela sociedade do espetáculo. Se por um lado, a entrada na indústria cultural tende a conferir ao rap os traços da mercadoria produzida em série, subordinando a linguagem a padrões uniformizados visando apenas o lucro, por outro lado não se pode esquecer a resistência presente na visão de mundo que emerge das canções dos rappers.

Des associations entre la musique et certains espaces se retrouvent à de multiples niveaux dans le rap français et américain : des rappeurs affirment « représenter » certaines villes ou certains quartiers, les spécificités stylistiques du rap américain sont expliquées par les contextes urbains dans lesquels elles ont émergé tandis que le rap français est abordé dans les médias comme le reflet d’un univers propre à la « banlieue ». Qu’y-a-t-il derrière ces associations ? Où et comment émergent-elles ? Dans quelle mesure participent-elles à construire l’authenticité de cette musique ? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette thèse analyse les lieux dans lesquels se construit cet ancrage local. Elle se fonde sur des enquêtes de terrains approfondies menées dans quatre villes : à Atlanta et à Minneapolis/Saint Paul, aux Etats-Unis, dans les régions parisienne et lilloise, en France. Depuis les imaginaires géographiques des œuvres jusqu’aux performances dans les salles de concerts, depuis l’organisation de festivals jusqu’à la circulation des styles musicaux, c’est tout un circuit de production du rap qui apparaît, et qui met en évidence le fonctionnement de deux univers : celui des mondes artistiques liés à cette musique et celui des espaces urbains dans lesquels ils s’inscrivent. Cette thèse apporte ainsi un éclairage inédit sur la place de la culture en France et aux Etats-Unis, et sur la façon dont elle s’insère dans les villes, dans un contexte mondialisé / Associations between music and spaces are to be encountered on many levels in French and American rap music: rappers claim to « represent » cities or neighborhoods, stylistic specificities of American rap are explained by the urban contexts in which they emerged, while French rap music is seen by the media as reflecting the sphere of the « banlieue ». How can such associations be understood, where and how are they forged, and to what extent do they contribute to the construction of the authenticity of the music? This dissertation aims to answer these questions by investigating the places in which this local rootedness is constructed, on the basis of in-depth fieldwork in four cities: Atlanta and Minneapolis/Saint-Paul, in the U.S., and in the urban areas of Paris and Lille, in France. The thesis considers the geographic imaginaries embedded in the music, performances in live music venues, the organization of festivals and the circulation of musical styles in order to uncover the chain of production of rap music. It casts light simultaneously on artistic worlds related to this music and on the urban spaces in which it is embedded. Thereby, it uncovers little explored aspects of the location of culture in France and the US, and how it is tied to cities, in a globalized context

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral: investigar as racionalidades do consumo que atravessam as práticas juvenis de escuta e produção do rap na cena porto-alegrense entre as (novas) formas de circulação midiática da música. O problema de pesquisa se materializa na seguinte pergunta: diante do atual cenário de produção musical e formas emergentes de circulação midiática da música, quais são as práticas de produção e escuta do rap entre jovens porto-alegrenses? A investigação explora empiricamente uma cena musical e compreende as práticas juvenis para o consumo de rap em uma subcultura, o hip-hop. O campo de estudo é a Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA). Ela se organiza como um importante espaço de desenvolvimento cultural. A pesquisa identifica e descreve o público da cena, cujos interlocutores são majoritariamente jovens. Ela está vinculada aos Estudos Culturais, com base nos estudos latino-americanos de recepção e consumo cultural. A partir desse arcabouço, a abordagem teórica é desenvolvida a partir do viés sociocultural do consumo. Portanto, identificamos como as racionalidades do consumo cultural (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 1991a) estão imbricadas e se relacionam em uma proposta de análise das práticas culturais de escuta do rap. Como estratégias, realizamos um estudo de consumo cultural e midiático de rap com uso da etnografia e da cartografia, como métodos. O método cartográfico nos mostrou características culturais da cidade e nos ajudou a revelar a cena musical. A etnografia na internet complementou as ações na urbe, com observações diretas nas redes sociais, coletas de informações e levantamento de perfis dos colaboradores. Como resultado, oferecemos uma análise horizontal sobre o processo de consumo musical de rap na cultura hip-hop da região. Descrevemos e analisamos a cena musical, bem como a relação de pertencimento social e geográfico entre a juventude e a cidade. O trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, aponta como a lógica DIY (Do it yourself) está presente nas práticas juvenis para escuta e produção de rap na região. As expressões “cena rap metropolitana”, “cena rap porto-alegrense”, ou, simplesmente, “cena” são usadas como sinônimos para o âmbito das práticas estudadas na região. A partir da discussão sobre os conceitos de cultura, cultura urbana, cenas e estilos, destacamos as premissas para o estudo do consumo de música. Em resposta à fragmentação do construto, sistematizamos o conceito de consumo musical. O consumo midiático é uma especificidade do consumo cultural. A partir desse entendimento, propomos o consumo expandido como um processo que integra a produção cultural, um avanço na relação sistêmica entre a produção e o consumo e para as práticas que envolvem estes dois âmbitos para o consumo de música. / The main objective of this research is to investigate the rationalities of consumption crossing the juvenile practices of listening and producing RAP music scene in Porto Alegre, Brazil, among the (new) forms of music circulation. The research problem is materialized in the following question: in face of the current scenario of musical production and emerging forms of media circulation of music, what are the juvenile practices of RAP production and listening in Porto Alegre? The research explores empirically a music scene to understand juvenile practices for the consumption of rap in a subculture, the hip-hop. The field of study is the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (RMPA), which is organized as an important space for cultural development. The research identifies and describes the audience of the scene, wich interlocutors are mostly youth. It is linked to Cultural Studies, based on Latin American studies of cultural reception and consumption. From this framework, the theoretical approach is developed from the sociocultural bias of consumption. Therefore, we identify how the rationalities of cultural consumption (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 1991a) are intertwined and are related as a proposal of analysis of the cultural practices of listening to RAP. As strategies, we carried out a study of cultural and media consumption of RAP using ethnography and cartography as methods. The cartographic method showed us the city's cultural characteristics and helped us to reveal the music scene. Ethnography on the internet complemented the actions in the city, with direct observations in the social networks, collection of information and survey of the profiles of the collaborators. As a result, we offer a horizontal analysis of the RAP music consumption. We describe and analyze the music scene, as well its social and geographic belonging relation between youth and the city. The work, of a qualitative nature, points out how DIY logic (Do it yourself) is present in youth practices for listening and producing RAP in the area. The expressions "metropolitan rap scene", " porto-alegrense rap scene ", or, simply, "scene" are used as synonyms of the practices studied here. From the discussion about the concepts of culture, urban culture, scenes and styles, we highlight the premises for the study of music consumption. In response to the fragmentation of the construct, we systematize the concept of musical consumption. The media consumption is an specificity of cultural consumption. From this understanding, we propose the concept of expanded consumption as a process that integrates cultural production, an advance in the systemic relation between production and consumption and for the practices that involve these two scopes for the consumption of music.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral: investigar as racionalidades do consumo que atravessam as práticas juvenis de escuta e produção do rap na cena porto-alegrense entre as (novas) formas de circulação midiática da música. O problema de pesquisa se materializa na seguinte pergunta: diante do atual cenário de produção musical e formas emergentes de circulação midiática da música, quais são as práticas de produção e escuta do rap entre jovens porto-alegrenses? A investigação explora empiricamente uma cena musical e compreende as práticas juvenis para o consumo de rap em uma subcultura, o hip-hop. O campo de estudo é a Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA). Ela se organiza como um importante espaço de desenvolvimento cultural. A pesquisa identifica e descreve o público da cena, cujos interlocutores são majoritariamente jovens. Ela está vinculada aos Estudos Culturais, com base nos estudos latino-americanos de recepção e consumo cultural. A partir desse arcabouço, a abordagem teórica é desenvolvida a partir do viés sociocultural do consumo. Portanto, identificamos como as racionalidades do consumo cultural (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 1991a) estão imbricadas e se relacionam em uma proposta de análise das práticas culturais de escuta do rap. Como estratégias, realizamos um estudo de consumo cultural e midiático de rap com uso da etnografia e da cartografia, como métodos. O método cartográfico nos mostrou características culturais da cidade e nos ajudou a revelar a cena musical. A etnografia na internet complementou as ações na urbe, com observações diretas nas redes sociais, coletas de informações e levantamento de perfis dos colaboradores. Como resultado, oferecemos uma análise horizontal sobre o processo de consumo musical de rap na cultura hip-hop da região. Descrevemos e analisamos a cena musical, bem como a relação de pertencimento social e geográfico entre a juventude e a cidade. O trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, aponta como a lógica DIY (Do it yourself) está presente nas práticas juvenis para escuta e produção de rap na região. As expressões “cena rap metropolitana”, “cena rap porto-alegrense”, ou, simplesmente, “cena” são usadas como sinônimos para o âmbito das práticas estudadas na região. A partir da discussão sobre os conceitos de cultura, cultura urbana, cenas e estilos, destacamos as premissas para o estudo do consumo de música. Em resposta à fragmentação do construto, sistematizamos o conceito de consumo musical. O consumo midiático é uma especificidade do consumo cultural. A partir desse entendimento, propomos o consumo expandido como um processo que integra a produção cultural, um avanço na relação sistêmica entre a produção e o consumo e para as práticas que envolvem estes dois âmbitos para o consumo de música. / The main objective of this research is to investigate the rationalities of consumption crossing the juvenile practices of listening and producing RAP music scene in Porto Alegre, Brazil, among the (new) forms of music circulation. The research problem is materialized in the following question: in face of the current scenario of musical production and emerging forms of media circulation of music, what are the juvenile practices of RAP production and listening in Porto Alegre? The research explores empirically a music scene to understand juvenile practices for the consumption of rap in a subculture, the hip-hop. The field of study is the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (RMPA), which is organized as an important space for cultural development. The research identifies and describes the audience of the scene, wich interlocutors are mostly youth. It is linked to Cultural Studies, based on Latin American studies of cultural reception and consumption. From this framework, the theoretical approach is developed from the sociocultural bias of consumption. Therefore, we identify how the rationalities of cultural consumption (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 1991a) are intertwined and are related as a proposal of analysis of the cultural practices of listening to RAP. As strategies, we carried out a study of cultural and media consumption of RAP using ethnography and cartography as methods. The cartographic method showed us the city's cultural characteristics and helped us to reveal the music scene. Ethnography on the internet complemented the actions in the city, with direct observations in the social networks, collection of information and survey of the profiles of the collaborators. As a result, we offer a horizontal analysis of the RAP music consumption. We describe and analyze the music scene, as well its social and geographic belonging relation between youth and the city. The work, of a qualitative nature, points out how DIY logic (Do it yourself) is present in youth practices for listening and producing RAP in the area. The expressions "metropolitan rap scene", " porto-alegrense rap scene ", or, simply, "scene" are used as synonyms of the practices studied here. From the discussion about the concepts of culture, urban culture, scenes and styles, we highlight the premises for the study of music consumption. In response to the fragmentation of the construct, we systematize the concept of musical consumption. The media consumption is an specificity of cultural consumption. From this understanding, we propose the concept of expanded consumption as a process that integrates cultural production, an advance in the systemic relation between production and consumption and for the practices that involve these two scopes for the consumption of music.

Orientador: Elisa Angotti Kossovitch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T11:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rotta_DaltroCardoso_M.pdf: 1451570 bytes, checksum: 12b989de4e1c0290870ac955103ed026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta dissertação que ora apresento tem como campo de problemáticas algumas práticas de socialização de bairros periféricos, e encontra no movimento hip-hop um grande campo de experimentação. De grande influência na cultura da Juventude contemporânea, o hip-hop engendra discursos carregados de preocupação com os cenários de segregação social e cultural vivenciadas pelas periferias urbanas, além de produzir por meio de seções exaustivas de treinamento, um corpo apto ao desenvolvimento de uma arte dotada de uma potência singular de encenar, por meio de gestos, composição corporal e movimento, um certo estilo de viver marcado por um cenário de falta, de precariedade e preconceito, porém não carente de inventividade. Diria que são corpos potentes que trazem consigo as marcas da exclusão social e uma certa ousadia de encenar, na forma de uma arte das ruas, uma estética da existência. Retraço, desta maneira, a trajetória de formação de dois grupos de hip-hop da cidade de Pelotas/RS: os Piratas de Rua Creew e a Banca C.N.R. Por meio de estratégias etnográficas como a observação participante, registro em diário de campo e depoimentos orais. Problematizo suas trajetórias, que vão da socialização como uma prática de lazer periférico, até uma organização que garante aos seus atores um importante dispositivo de formação e reinserção social / Abstract: This paper has as field of problems some practices of socialization of outlying neighborhoods, and it possesses the hip-hop culture as a great experimentation field. Of great influence in the contemporary Youth's culture, the hip-hop engenders speeches loaded of concern with the sceneries of social and cultural segregation lived by the urban peripheries, besides producing through exhausting sections of training, a capable body to the development of an art endowed with a singular potency of staging, through gestures, corporal composition and movement, a certain style of living marked by a lack scenery, of precariousness and prejudice, however no lacking of inventiveness. I would say that they are potent bodies that they bring the marks of the social exclusion and a certain daring of staging, in the form of an art of the streets, an aesthetics of the existence. I aim at, in this research, the path of formation of two groups of hip-hop of the city of Pelotas/RS: Street Pirates Crew and C.N.R. Rappers. Through ethnography strategies as the participant observation, registration in field diary and oral depositions. I problematize their paths, that space of the socialization as a practice of outlying leisure, until an organization that guarantees to their actors an important formation device and social insert / Mestrado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Mestre em Educação

Orientador: Jonas de Araujo Romualdo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:35:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Motta_AnaRaquel_M.pdf: 8660405 bytes, checksum: b8e98736253d1f2301b7cf940f179896 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho é uma análise das práticas discursivas a que adere o grupo de rap Racionais MCs, considerado por grande parte do público e da mídia como o mais importante grupo deste gênero musical no Brasil. O primeiro capitulo traça um breve panorama histórico do rap (rhythm and poetryj, o que inclui: seu nascimento nos guetos de Nova Iorque, EUA, no final da década de 1960 e sua chegada ao Brasil, mais especificamente a São Paulo, na década de 1980. Faz também uma reconstituição histórica do surgimento e trajetória do grupo Racionais MCs, através da união de seus quatro integrantes: Mano Brown e Ice Biue (da zona sul da periferia paulistana) e Edi Rock e KL Jay (da zona norte da periferia paulistana). Ainda nesse capítulo, estabelece-se uma breve discussão conceituai sobre o rap ser um género independente, que pode ser usado por qualquer grupo social, ou parte de uma determinada formação discursiva. Os segundo e terceiro capítulos aplicam à obra dos Racionais as sete hipóteses do livro Genèses du Discours, do autor francês Dominique Maingueneau. O segundo capítulo engloba as quatro primeiras hipóteses, que vinculam o discurso ao interdiscurso e buscam compor uma teoria acerca da competência discursiva. O terceiro capítulo engloba as três últimas hipóteses de Maingueneau, que se caracterizam por associar o discurso a instâncias vistas comumente pela Análise do Discurso como "exteriores" a ele: a institucional, a intersemiótica e a histórica. O quarto e último capítulo foca especificamente a construção do ethos discursivo dos Racionais MCs, levantando e analisando cinco características que se depreendem do corpus de estudo como fundamentais para a constituição do sujeito autorizado por esta formação discursiva / Abstract: This work is an analysis of the discursive practices utilized by the rap group Racionais MCs, considered by a great portion of the public and midia as the most important one in the Brazilian rap scenario. The first chapter outlines a brief historic context of rap (rhythm and poetry), including: its beginning m the New York City guetoes. in the 1960's and ns arrival m Brazil, more specifically in Sao Paulo, in the 1980's. It also reconstitutes the history of the sprouting and evolution of the group Racionais MCs. through the gathering of its four members; Mano Brown and Ice Blue (from the south side outskirts of São Paulo) and Edi Rock and KL Jay (from the north side outskirts of São Paulo). Still in this chapter, a brief conceptual discussion takes place about rap being an independent music style, that can be used by any social class, or still part of a determined discursive formation. The following chapters, second and third, apply to the Racionais' work the seven hypotheses from the book Genèses du Discours, by the French writer Dominique Maingueneau. The second chapter covers the first four hypotheses, that tie the discourse to the inter-discourse and seek to compose a theory regarding the discursive competence. The third chapter refers to the last three hypotheses from Maingueneau. which can be characterized by the association of the discourse to instances commonly viewed by the Discourse Analysis as "exterior" to it: institutional, intersemiotical and historical. The fourth and last chapter focuses specifically on the construction of the discursive ethos of the Racionais MCs, raising and analyzing five characteristics that are perceived from the corpus of study as key to the constitution of the subject authorized by this discursive formation / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

African American Vernacular English, AAVE, is a variant of English spoken mostly by lower-class black citizens in the US. Since the most popular music genre among African Americans today is rap, this paper will describe what characterizes AAVE and rap music, and explore the use of AAVE in rap lyrics of both black and white rappers. AAVE is different from Standard English in several respects; grammatically, phonologically and lexically. Examples of grammatical features in AAVE are invariant be, double negations and the differing use of possessive pronouns. The hip hop industry has been, and still is, largely dominated by black performers, and white artists make up only a minority of rappers in the line of business today. Rappers being part of a larger culture, the hip hop nation, they have a language in common, and that language is AAVE. In this paper, a number of lyrics performed both by black and white rap artists have been compared and analyzed, in search of linguistic features of AAVE. This study provides evidence that AAVE is indeed used in rap lyrics, although the use of its features is often inconsistent. It is also shown that AAVE-presence in white rappers’ lyrics exists, but is sparser than in the works of their black equivalents.

This study aims at investigating differences in derogatory word use between heteronormative rap artists and rap artists identifying with LGBTQ norms. A list of six profane words to be content analysed was constructed. These words were divided into three subcategories: those generally related to men (dick and nigga), women (bitch and pussy), or language in general (fuck and shit). The study examines the frequency of these derogatory words in randomly selected rap music and investigates how these frequencies differ in mainstream and LGBTQ artists' song lyrics. A content analysis of four randomly selected songs each from ten randomly selected mainstream artists and ten randomly selected LGBTQ artists was conducted. Two hypotheses that were derived from the literature (Wilson, 2007; Monk-Turner & Sylvertooth, 2008) were tested. It was expected that (1) general profanity (the use of fuck and shit) would occur most frequently in the lyrics of both mainstream and LGBTQ artists and that (2) derogatory words directed at women would not be as frequent in the lyrics of LGBTQ artists as in mainstream rappers' lyrics. On the contrary, the data show that profanities aimed at women occur more frequently in LGBTQ artists' lyrics. The data also show that general profanity is most common in LGBTQ artists' lyrics but not in the lyrics of mainstream artists, where profanities aimed at men was most frequent. However, there were several factors which affected the validity of the study. The issue of whether profane words are always used in a derogatory way in the songs or not is a big methodological shortcoming of the study in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the small sample size indicates that one should be cautious about stating generalisations based on tendencies seen in the data.

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis explores the ways in which Cape Town rap group Prophets of da City articulate their resistance to apartheid and, in particular, the ways in which they attempted to intervene in politicians' attempts to pacify the black electorate during the build- up to South Africa's first democratic elections. Initially, I attempt to clear a space from which one could discuss POC's work as postmodern and postcolonial. I then theorise POC's use of sampling as a postmodern strategy whilst, at the same time, pointing out that rap has its origins in the African- American tradition of Signifyin(g). Through my discussion sampling, I suggest that rap, as postmodern cultural practice, challenges concepts of originality as well as uniqueness. I also discuss POC's work as part of subculture and analyse Spike Lee's Do The Right Thing in order to explore the black artist's struggle for space* within the public sphere. Finally, I contend that both Lee and POC's texts are flawed because they marginalise gender politics. I briefly discuss Queen Latifa's rap music to suggest that the discourses of race and gender are inseparable.

This study aims to point out how music can be used as resistance. This study looks at four rap songs and how the lyrics express resistance against African American oppression in the United States of America. Using discourse analysis I, a method outlined by Gillian Rose, in combination with discourse theory and cultural resistance theory, the following research question is answered: How is resistance against oppression expressed in rap music? In addition this study asks how the expression of resistance against oppression has changed over time? Therefore the songs have been selected from a different era, starting from the 80s until today. The method portrayed how the selected songs construct blame, effects of truth and arguments against oppression through the lyrics. Moreover, the theories showed how rap music can be used as cultural resistance since it performs as a practice of survival and rebellion as well as can be political and an outlet to let out frustration. Moreover, it was found that discourse determines the ways the artists act and view their world which is expressed through the selected songs.