Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:25:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 azevedo_fs_dr_ift.pdf: 964901 bytes, checksum: 0ded483f0f1fa4571a038df930452981 (MD5) / Este trabalho é composto de estudos independentes, mas seus temas são conectados entre si. Ele foi feito baseando-se no estudo de equações de reação-difusão e em reação-difusão-advecção. Vários modelos foram utilizados para representar populações e apresentam características em comum. As populações representadas por esses modelos difundem, crescem e saturam de forma semelhante a equação de Fisher-Kolmogorov e Lotka-Volterra e foram modeladas usando condições de contorno de Dirichlet. Domínios limitados e ilimitados foram usados para que melhor representassem as devidas e diferentes aplicações de dados coletados em campo e publicados em periódicos. Esse trabalho também leva em conta a aplicabilidade à habitats fragmentados, isoladas e não-isoladas. Como foco principal temos o estudo do movimento de populações que vivem nesses habitats mostrando que a qualidade e distribuição deles afeta no movimento das populações / This thesis consists on independent studies, but its subjects are interconnected. It has been based on the study of reaction-diffusion-advection equations. Several models were used to represent populations and have some characteristics in common. The populations represented by the models spread, grow, and saturate in a way similar to that described by the Fisher-Kolmogorov and Lotka-Volterra equations, and were modeled using Dirichlet boundary conditions. Limited and unlimited domains were used to better represent the necessary applications and different data collected in the field and published in journals. This work also takes into account the applicability to fragmented habitats, isolated and not isolated. As the main focus we study the movement of populations living in these habitats, showing that the quality and distribution affects them the movement of populations

Esta tese de doutorado descreve um novo modelo para o acoplamento de difusão química contínua e eventos celulares discretos dentro de um ambiente de simulação biologicamente inspirado. Nosso objetivo é definir e explorar um conjunto minimalista de recursos que também são expressivos, permitindo a criação de padrões 2D complexos usando apenas poucas regras. Por não nos restringirmos a uma grade estática ou regular, mostramos que muitos fenômenos diferentes podem ser simulados, como sistemas tradicionais de reação-difusão, autômatos celulares e padrões de pigmentação de seres vivos. Em particular, demonstramos que a adição de saturação química aumenta significativamente a gama de padrões simulados usando reação-difusão, incluindo padrões que não eram possíveis anteriormente. Nossos resultados sugerem um possível modelo universal que pode integrar abordagens de formação de padrões anteriores, fornecendo nova base para experimentação e texturas de aparência realista para uso geral em Computação Gráfica. / This doctoral thesis describes a novel model for coupling continuous chemical diffusion and discrete cellular events inside a biologically inspired simulation environment. Our goal is to define and explore a minimalist set of features that are also expressive, enabling the creation of complex 2D patterns using just a few rules. By not being constrained into a static or regular grid, we show that many different phenomena can be simulated, such as traditional reaction-diffusion systems, cellular automata, and pigmentation patterns from living beings. In particular, we demonstrate that adding chemical saturation increases significantly the range of simulated patterns using reaction-diffusion, including patterns not possible before. Our results suggest a possible universal model that can integrate previous pattern formation approaches, providing new ground for experimentation and realistic-looking textures for general use in Computer Graphics.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T20:25:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos Eduardo Rosado de Barros - 2015.pdf: 1334566 bytes, checksum: 373183ed73dd83bfac5d91d2670c2e36 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-06T11:43:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos Eduardo Rosado de Barros - 2015.pdf: 1334566 bytes, checksum: 373183ed73dd83bfac5d91d2670c2e36 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-06T11:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos Eduardo Rosado de Barros - 2015.pdf: 1334566 bytes, checksum: 373183ed73dd83bfac5d91d2670c2e36 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this work, mainly based on the articles, [1], [2] and [7], one studies a reactiondiffusion- convection system, related the propagation of a combustion front through a porous medium, giving origin a Cauchy problem. Such a problem has been approached by the methode of the monotone iterations, which leads to an unique time-global solution. / Nesse trabalho, baseado principalmente nos artigos [1], [2] e [7], estuda-se um sistema reação-difusão-convecção, relacionado à propagação de uma frente de combustão em um meio poroso, recaindo sobre um problema de Cauchy. Tal problema é abordado através do método de iterações monótonas, o qual conduz a uma única solução global no tempo.

Orientador: Marcelo Martins dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RonaldoAntoniodos_D.pdf: 739129 bytes, checksum: f677894f21ef1223fced35636869835d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho provamos a existência de solução global para um sistema não linear constituído de duas equações parabólicas acopladas a duas equações diferenciais ordinárias. Tal sistema modela um processo de combustão em um meio poroso com duas camadas, em que os efeitos de compressibilidade são desprezados, mas a troca de calor entre as camadas, bem como a propagação de calor por convecção são levadas em conta. Supondo que os dados iniciais são lipschitzianos, limitados e pertencentes a algum espaço , 1 < < ?, obtivemos solução clássica para o problema / Abstract: In this work we prove the existence of a global solution for a nonlinear system consisting of two parabolic equations coupled to two ordinary differential equations. Such a system models a combustion process in a porous medium with two layers in which compressibility effects are neglected, but heat transfer between the layers as well as heat conduction are taken into a account. We obtained a classical solution under the assumptions that the initial data is bounded, Lipschitz and belongs to some space, with 1 < < ? / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

The paper deals with a singularly perturbed reaction diffusion model problem. The focus is on reliable a posteriori error estimators for the H^1 seminorm that can be applied to anisotropic finite element meshes. A residual error estimator and a local problem error estimator are proposed and rigorously analysed. They are locally equivalent, and both bound the error reliably. Furthermore three modifications of these estimators are introduced and discussed. Numerical experiments for all estimators complement and confirm the theoretical results.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Many chemical and physical problems are mathematically described by partial differential equations (PDEs). These PDEs are often highly nonlinear and therefore have no closed form solutions. Thus, it is necessary to recourse to numerical approaches to determine suitable approximations to the solution of such equations. For solutions possessing sharp spatial transitions (such as boundary or interior layers), standard numerical methods have shown limitations as they fail to capture large gradients. The method of lines (MOL) is one of the numerical methods used to solve PDEs. It proceeds by the discretization of all but one dimension leading to systems of ordinary di erential equations. In the case of time-dependent PDEs, the MOL consists of discretizing the spatial derivatives only leaving the time variable continuous. The process results in a system to which a numerical method for initial value problems can be applied. In this project we consider various types of singularly perturbed time-dependent PDEs. For each type, using the MOL, the spatial dimensions will be discretized in many different ways following fitted numerical approaches. Each discretisation will be analysed for stability and convergence. Extensive experiments will be conducted to confirm the analyses.

We study diffusion-reaction-advection models describing population dynamics of aquatic organisms subject to a constant drift, with reflecting upstream and outflow downstream boundary conditions. We consider three different models: single logistically growing species, two and three competing species. In the case of a single population, we determine conditions for existence, uniqueness and stability of non-trivial steady-state solutions. We analyze the dependence of such solutions on advection speed, growth rate and length of the habitat. Such analysis offers a possible explanation of the "drift paradox" in our context. We also introduce a spatially implicit ODE (nonspatial approximation) model which captures the essential behavior of the original PDE model. In the case of two competing species, we use a diffusion-advection version of the Lotka-Volterra competition model. Combining numerical and analytical techniques, in both the spatial and nonspatial approximation settings, we describe the effect of advection on competitive outcomes. Finally, in the case of three species, we use the nonspatial approximation approach to analyze and classify the possible scenarios as we change the flow speed in the habitat.

Mathematical models displaying travelling waves appear in a variety of domains. These waves are often faced with different kinds of perturbations. In some cases, these perturbations result in propagation failure, also known as wave-blocking. Wave-blocking has been studied in the case of several specific models, often with the help of numerical tools. In this thesis, we will display a technique that uses symmetry and a center manifold reduction to find a criterion which defines regions in parameter space where a wave will be blocked. We focus on waves with low velocity and small symmetry-breaking perturbations, which is where the blocking initiates; the organising center. The range of the tools used makes the technique easily generalizable to higher dimensions. In order to demonstrate this technique, we apply it to the bistable equation. This allows us to do calculations explicitly. As a result, we show that wave-blocking occurs inside a wedge originating from the organising center and derive an expression for this wedge to leading order. We verify our results with some numerical simulations.

The growing flow of people and goods around the globe has allowed new, non-native species to establish and spread in already fragile ecosystems. The introduction of invasive species can have a detrimental impact on the already established species. Thus, it is important that we understand the mechanisms that facilitate or prevent invasion. Since reaction-diffusion invasion models produce travelling waves we can study invasion by looking at the mechanisms that allow for wave propagation failure, or wave-blocking. In this thesis we consider a perturbed reaction-diffusion model in which the perturbation resides in either the reaction or diffusion term. In doing so we exploit the underlying symmetry of our problem to define a region in the appropriate parameter space that leads to wave blocking. As a demonstrative example we apply our theory to the bistable equation and consider the effects of various perturbations.

Accurate numerical simulation of reaction-diffusion systems can come with a high cost. A system may be stiff, and solutions may exhibit sharp localized features that require fine grids and small time steps to properly resolve the physical phenomena they represent. The development of efficient methods is crucial to cut down the demands of computational resources. In this thesis we consider the use of adaptive space and time methods driven by a posteriori error estimation. The error estimators for the spatial discretization are built from a variety of sources: the residual of the partial differential equation (PDE) system, gradient recovery operators and interpolation estimates. The interpolation estimates are anisotropic, not relying on classical mesh regularity assumptions. The adapted mesh is therefore allowed to include elements elongated in specified directions, as dictated by the type of solution being approximated. This thesis proposes an element-based adaptation method to be used for a residual estimator. This method avoids the usual conversion of the estimator to a metric, and instead applies the estimator to directly control the local mesh modifications. We derive a new error estimator for the L^2-norm in the same anisotropic setting and adjust the element-based adaptation algorithm to the new estimator. This thesis considers two new adaptive finite element settings for reaction-diffusion problems. The first is the extension to a PDE setting of an estimator for the time discretization with the backward difference formula of order 2 (BDF2), based on an estimator for ordinary differential equation (ODE) problems. Coupled with the residual estimator, we apply a space-time adaptation method. The second is the derivation of anisotropic error estimates for the monodomain model from cardiac electrophysiology. This model couples a nonlinear parabolic PDE with an ODE and this setting presents challenges theoretically as well as numerically. In addition to theoretical considerations, numerical tests are performed throughout to assess the reliability and efficiency of the proposed error estimators and numerical methods.