Alfabetizar e letrar pessoas jovens e adultas constitui uma necessidade e, no caso de indivíduos adultos com deficiência mental, os estudos a respeito de letramento são rarefeitos e demandam, por isso, mais pesquisas e ações políticas que possam modificar as condições desses indivíduos. Letramento significa compreender e elaborar a linguagem e fazer uso social dela em várias situações da vida prática. Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se comparar o grau de letramento, o nível de compreensão de leitura e produção escrita de adultos deficientes mentais, considerados alfabetizados, antes e depois de um programa de práticas de letramento. Estudou-se, também, a influência da família no nível de compreensão de leitura e escrita dos sujeitos. Participaram da pesquisa 11 sujeitos classificados, por meio de avaliação psicológica, como deficientes mentais moderados ou severos, com idade entre 18 e 34 que eram considerados alfabetizados e tinham freqüentado programa de educação especial por 5 anos ou mais. Foram aplicados questionários aos responsáveis pelos alunos para verificar as suas condições de letramento das famílias. A partir da avaliação inicial, elaborou-se um programa de práticas de letramento, realizado duas vezes por semana, durante 8 meses para que os sujeitos ampliassem o uso social da leitura e escrita. A cada sessão era feito um registro em diário de campo e realizadas algumas filmagens esporádicas para posterior análise. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar de serem considerados alfabetizados, os sujeitos dessa pesquisa tinham pouco domínio do uso social da leitura e escrita e que o grau de letramento das famílias influenciavam o acesso à leitura e escrita e, conseqüentemente, o seu uso social. Ao final das análises, pode se afirmar que, por meio da mediação pedagógica, houve o desenvolvimento de uma postura mais reflexiva sobre a leitura e a escrita e a pesquisa contribuiu para algumas mudanças na realidade dos sujeitos nela inseridos. Pode-se afirmar que a educação formal, por meio da mediação, contribui para a formação social da mente. / Literacy and learning to read and write are a need for young people and adults. Studies on the theme with mentally deficient adults are scarce and require more research and policies that may modify these subjects. Learning to read and write means the understanding and the molding of the language, using it socially in several and different situations of daily life. Current research compares the reading-writing degree, reading comprehension level and writing production by mentally deficient literate adults, prior to and after a battery of reading-writing practices. The family\'s influence on the reading and writing comprehension level of the subjects has also been analyzed. Eleven subjects, with moderate or severe mental deficiency, aged between 18 and 34 years old, participated in the research. They had already taken part in special education programs for five years or over. Questionnaires, handed out to people who were responsible for the above-mentioned subjects, verified their families\' reading-writing conditions. A program with reading-writing practices was then prepared from this initial evaluation. The program was put into practice twice a week for 8 months so that the subjects could broaden the social usage of writing and reading. A report was made for each session and sporadic filming was undertaken for further investigation. Results showed that, in spite of the fact that they were literate, the subjects of research had only slight dominion of the social usage of writing and reading. Moreover, the families\' reading-writing degree affected their access to reading and writing, and thus, the social use of language. Analyses revealed that a more reflexive stance on reading and writing could be developed through pedagogical intervention. Actually the research has contributed towards certain change in the daily life of the subjects. Formal education actually contributes for the mind\'s social training through pedagogical mediation.

This research project is concerned with raising attainment by addressing the problems associated with literacy (reading, writing and spellings) at Key Stage 3 in the context of a supplementary school. It looks at different ways of addressing specifically identified problems associated with reading, writing and spellings by designing relevant forms of intervention and tracking progress within an emancipatory approach of the sort advocated by Freire (1970; 1972). Students’ low performance in literacy at Key Stage 3 as observed in a survey carried out by Clark, (2012, p.9-13) revealed that more than fifty per cent of Key Stage 3 students (11-13 years) do not enjoy reading or writing, and/or experience difficulties. Current legislation, the Children and Families’ Act, 2014, provides for additional funding in schools for those young people with the most serious difficulties in learning, for example those who are severely dyslexic. Around two percent of the student population receive additional support for their learning needs in this way (Wearmouth, 2012). It is obvious, therefore, that there are many students, in addition to this two percent, who require additional specialist support for their learning needs that is not available through individual resourcing in schools. The current study, albeit small-scale, indicates that students who experience difficulties in literacy can make rapid improvement in a supplementary school that is based on the principles underpinning supplementary schools in general, but, in the case of adolescents who are disengaged from literacy learning, also adopts an emancipatory approach that takes seriously their own views of their learning and the difficulties they have experienced, and supports their own agency in enhancing their literacy learning outcomes. Lessons learnt from this study can contribute to thinking around alternative approaches to re-engaging students with their literacy learning when provision is designed to engage their personal interests and the young people have a measure of control over their own learning. There may be a suggestion that high-achieving students may also benefit in this way.

This study focused upon the established importance of the reading-writing relationship and its posited effect on literacy development. A repeated-measures experimental design investigated the effects of interactive writing instruction on 151 kindergarten students’ acquisition of early reading skills. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate the impact of the reading-writing relationship as operationalized with interactive writing and writing workshop on the acquisition of early reading skills as repeated outcome measures at four points in time (Level 1) were clustered within students (Level 2). Results of this study indicated that instruction grounded in the reading-writing relationship, namely, interactive writing and writers’ workshop combined with existing reading instruction, led to equal growth in kindergarteners’ acquisition of early reading skills for each of the outcome measures at each of the four time points assessed. The growth effects obtained from the use of the reading-writing instructional treatments used in this study compared with the national normative samples from the outcome measures indicated that the reading-writing instruction significantly increased the rate of growth for the early reading skills of phonemic awareness, alphabet knowledge, and word reading.

No description available.

One of the main ways in which children learn skills, such as reading and writing, and develop creativity and sociability, is through play. Researchers are thus exploring gamification, namely the use of typical game elements in different and non-gaming contexts, including the educational one. Gamification is a methodology that originates from computer and serious games, and aims at redesigning activities to be more engaging, thus also developing intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, gamification has proven effective both with typically developing children and with children with Special Educational Needs (SEN). Given that the current situation firmly indicates the need to engage and captivate learners, the present research aims to investigate whether gamification can improve motivation and reading and writing skills, in 8-to-10-years-old children. The design consists in comparing the effects of gamified Applications to that of equivalent, traditional pen-and-paper activities, in mixed and non-specific school groups. Furthermore, the effects are compared to those of an individualised clinical treatment for children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) — Developmental Dyslexia and Dysorthography in particular — using the same gamified Applications. In fact, although the neurocognitive causes of Developmental Dyslexia and Dysorthography are still hotly debated, researchers agree that the main challenge consists in the intervention, that is how to improve children’s reading and writing fluency and accuracy while keeping motivation high. Consequently, the research consisted of two studies. In the first study (Study A), a 12-hour gamified training at school was compared with an equivalent pen-and-paper training, both aimed at exploring the efficacy of gamified Applications and traditional activities purposefully designed to enhance linguistic skills (i.e., reading accuracy, reading speed, and writing accuracy). The results of this study showed significant improvements in linguistic fluency and correctness for both groups, with non-significantly greater effect of the experimental gamified training. Students belonging to the experimental groups also reported greater appreciation of the activities, although motivation did not act as a mediator for performance improvements in any of the groups considered. The second study (Study B) aimed to explore whether improvements, after the use of gamified Applications, differ among children with neurotypical development, children with SLD, children with unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorders, and bilingual children. Assessments upon training completion indicated greater improvements, even if not in a significant way, in reading and writing correctness in children with SLD, suggesting that an individualised and personalised training, designed on specific difficulties, can lead to major results. Also, participants in Study B reported to have highest degree fun during the activities, but motivation did not act as a mediator for improvements in performance either. Gameful experience of the participants in both studies was also investigated through a questionnaire, the responses of which were related to improvements in learning performance. Results were not significant, but interestingly the aspects that were positively associated with learning outcomes were those related to competition and social experience dimensions, although they were the least present within the Applications used. Overall findings highlighted promising effects of the training programs on children’s linguistic skills and grade of engagement, emphasising the importance of integrated training and opening to future studies investigating the effects of gamified Applications on other skills and motivational aspects.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T16:38:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VIVIAN ANNICCHINI FORNER.pdf: 4347051 bytes, checksum: 01447c7d098d0f87f8e3943783e8db6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T16:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VIVIAN ANNICCHINI FORNER.pdf: 4347051 bytes, checksum: 01447c7d098d0f87f8e3943783e8db6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present research is an intervention-type participatory research focused on students with completed literacy cycle, without, however, being literate. The choice was to take on music as a guiding axis for the work to be developed. During the process, fourth grade students from an elementary state school in Campinas (SP) participated in this research, indicated by its managing team. The main objective of the research was to investigate how can music contribute to the development of specific knowledge about written language, in fourth grade students from elementary school, which presented important literacy lags, in order to enhance their literacy process. Considering this, the following specific objectives were outlined: (i) to meet the kind of work that students experience at school, regarding written language; (ii) to identify, through actions that students participating in the research have in the classroom, their difficulties regarding the appropriation of written language; (iii) to promote experiences with literacy activities involving music; (iv) to examine, in the light of historical-cultural theory, the interpsychological and intrapsychological processes that can highlight changes in students. For this, the methodological procedures used were: registering field observations of participants in classrooms; recorded interviews with faculty and coordination; recorded interviews of conversations with students; documentary analysis of students' written production through their notebooks. All procedures were performed before the beginning and after the period in which all intervention meetings occurred ? in sum, twenty-two meetings were held with seven students who attended the fourth grade of elementary school, during the second semester of 2016, recorded by video camera recorders and followed by literal transcription. This research was based on the theoretical framework of Vygotsky's cultural-historical dialogue with the discursive perspective of literacy. The data analysis was done by thematic nuclei created from the similarity from which the empirical material was presented to each other. Two cores were created: music as an educational resource, which involved exploiting specific aspects of language; and music as language, which involved exploring the discourse aspect of the song. The research presented a favorable scenario to the educational field by reflecting how teachers work with written language, aiming student?s development, expanding their language skills and contributing on discussions of teachers? formation and pedagogical practices of literacy. It is concluded that music as a form of language and mediating instrument can be a strong ally to engage students with written culture, approaching children of the literate world and promoting, with this approach, a greater understanding of its process. / O presente estudo ? uma pesquisa participante do tipo interven??o, que conta com alunos de ciclo de alfabetiza??o conclu?do, sem, no entanto, estarem alfabetizados. A m?sica foi assumida como eixo norteador do trabalho. Participaram alunos do 4? ano do Ensino Fundamental, indicados pela equipe gestora de uma escola estadual do munic?pio de Campinas (SP). O objetivo principal ? investigar de que maneira a m?sica pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos espec?ficos sobre a linguagem escrita em alunos do 4? ano do Ensino Fundamental que apresentavam defasagens importantes no processo de alfabetiza??o, visando potencializ?-lo. Para tal, delinearam-se os seguintes objetivos espec?ficos: (i) conhecer o tipo de trabalho vivenciado pelos alunos na escola em rela??o ? linguagem escrita; (ii) identificar, por meio das a??es que os alunos participantes da pesquisa t?m em sala de aula, suas dificuldades em rela??o ? apropria??o da linguagem escrita; (iii) promover experi?ncias com atividades de alfabetiza??o que envolvam a m?sica; (iv) analisar, ? luz da teoria hist?rico-cultural, os processos interpsicol?gicos e intrapsicol?gicos que evidenciam movimentos de mudan?as nos alunos. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos utilizados foram: registro em di?rio de campo das observa??es participantes nas salas de aula; audiograva??o de entrevistas com coordena??o e corpo docente; audiograva??o de conversas com discentes envolvidos; an?lise documental de cadernos de produ??o escrita dos alunos. Os procedimentos realizaram-se antes do in?cio e ap?s o per?odo em que os encontros de interven??o ocorreram ? ao todo 22 encontros com sete alunos de 4? ano durante o segundo semestre de 2016, registrados por videograva??o e seguidos de transcri??o literal. Teve como base o referencial te?rico hist?rico-cultural de Vigotski em di?logo com a perspectiva discursiva de alfabetiza??o. A an?lise de dados foi feita por n?cleos tem?ticos criados a partir da similaridade que o material emp?rico apresentava entre si. Dois n?cleos foram criados: a m?sica como recurso pedag?gico, que envolveu a explora??o de aspectos espec?ficos da l?ngua; e a m?sica como linguagem, que envolveu a explora??o do aspecto discursivo da can??o. A pesquisa apresentou, para o campo educacional, cen?rio favor?vel ? reflex?o de um trabalho com a linguagem escrita, visando o desenvolvimento dos alunos, a amplia??o de suas compet?ncias lingu?sticas e a contribui??o para discuss?es sobre forma??o de professores e pr?ticas pedag?gicas de alfabetiza??o. Concluiu-se que a m?sica, como linguagem e recurso mediador, pode ser aliada no envolvimento dos alunos com a cultura escrita, aproximando-os do mundo letrado e promovendo sua compreens?o.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar possíveis respostas singulares para a leitura/escrita, diante da queda de saberes universalizantes e de padrões sociais até há pouco vigentes, em virtude da perda de diretrizes claras e do conseqüente nascimento de um sujeito desamparado na/da própria linguagem, que não sabe mais o que é certo ou errado nem responde a questões básicas de sua vida, como: quando casar, que curso fazer, que família construir. Acreditamos que uma possibilidade de construção do novo (des)caminho esteja na articulação entre Psicanálise, Educação e Arte, mais especificamente, a arte literária, pois essa encontra-se vinculada à construção de teorias psicanalíticas a tal ponto que Freud e Lacan recorreram à Literatura para estruturar as bases do seu pensamento. Para atingir esse objetivo, percorremos os estudos de Freud e Lacan em busca de um melhor entendimento da palavra e, no último ensino desse, considerado seu estudo mais abstrato e inquietante, vislumbramos uma aproximação do real e da impossibilidade de se ter acesso ao saber total. E, diante do vazio radical que se percebe, é permitido ao sujeito contemporâneo desamparado criar sua própria estética, seu estilo. Nessa medida, a escrita de Clarice Lispector aponta como exemplo da construção de um estilo singular, a sugerir uma possível educação mais criativa e com mais respeito à singularidade de cada um, para que o ato de leitura/escrita seja compreendido como meio de comunicação e de transmissão não de saberes absolutos, mas de saberes que se tecem a partir da história pessoal de cada leitor/escritor. / This work aims to verify possible answers to the reading/writing, related to the fall of the universal knowledge and the social patterns that were good until some time ago, due to the loss in clear directions and the following birth of a person helpless in his own language, that can\'t distinguish the right from wrong, neither answer the basic questions in life, such as: when get married, what course should do, what family built. We believe that the possibility of the construction of the new way lays in the articulation between Psychoanalysis, Education and Art, more specifically, the Literary Art, because that is attached to the psychoanalytic theories building so by Freud and Lacan,which appealed to Literature to structure the basis of their thought. In order to reach this objective, we looked over Freud\'s and Lacan\'s studies, searching for a better comprehension of the word, and, in his last teaching, considered his more abstract and disturbing work. And, facing the radical emptiness that is noticed, it\'s allowed to the actual helpless person to create his own esthetic, his own style. This way, the singular writing of Clarisse Lispector points out the universal model, and, at the same time, as an example of building a singular style, suggesting a possible education more creative and that respects the individuality of each one, so that the reading/writing act can be understood as a communication and transmition not of absolute knowledge, but from the knowledges that come up from the personal history of each reader/writer.

Orientador: Kester Carrara / Banca: Maria Regina Cavalcante / Banca: Tânia Moron Saes Braga / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar se a tecnologia de equivalência de estímulos e o procedimento de exclusão, reduzindo dificuldades de leitura e escrita, também reduzem comportamentos avaliados como de indisciplina. Os resultados indicam que o programa de ensino de leitura e escrita, por meio da combinação dos procedimentos de discriminação condicional e o de exclusão, contribui para a aprendizagem de leitura de todas as palavras de treino e de novas palavras, as quais não foram diretamente ensinadas aos sujeitos. Quanto aos resultados obtidos com o Inventário TRF, a redução nos escores, embora a maioria tenha apresentado-se baixa, parece considerável e indicadora da eficiência da metodologia utilizada também enquanto promotora de melhora em comportamentos relacionados com indisciplina, conforme avaliação dos professores. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate if the 'stimulus equivalences technology' and the exclusion procedures, which reduce the difficulties in reading e writing, would also reduce unruly behavior. The results pointed that the reading and writing teaching program combined with the conditional discrimination and exclusion procedures, contributed to the reading learning of all the training words and new ones as well, which were not directly taught to the individuals. Concerning the results obtained from the TRF inventory, the reduction in the scores, although the majority has presented low ones, it seems to confirm the efficiency of the used methodology and the improvement related to unruly behaviors, according to the teachers evaluation. / Mestre

Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar possíveis respostas singulares para a leitura/escrita, diante da queda de saberes universalizantes e de padrões sociais até há pouco vigentes, em virtude da perda de diretrizes claras e do conseqüente nascimento de um sujeito desamparado na/da própria linguagem, que não sabe mais o que é certo ou errado nem responde a questões básicas de sua vida, como: quando casar, que curso fazer, que família construir. Acreditamos que uma possibilidade de construção do novo (des)caminho esteja na articulação entre Psicanálise, Educação e Arte, mais especificamente, a arte literária, pois essa encontra-se vinculada à construção de teorias psicanalíticas a tal ponto que Freud e Lacan recorreram à Literatura para estruturar as bases do seu pensamento. Para atingir esse objetivo, percorremos os estudos de Freud e Lacan em busca de um melhor entendimento da palavra e, no último ensino desse, considerado seu estudo mais abstrato e inquietante, vislumbramos uma aproximação do real e da impossibilidade de se ter acesso ao saber total. E, diante do vazio radical que se percebe, é permitido ao sujeito contemporâneo desamparado criar sua própria estética, seu estilo. Nessa medida, a escrita de Clarice Lispector aponta como exemplo da construção de um estilo singular, a sugerir uma possível educação mais criativa e com mais respeito à singularidade de cada um, para que o ato de leitura/escrita seja compreendido como meio de comunicação e de transmissão não de saberes absolutos, mas de saberes que se tecem a partir da história pessoal de cada leitor/escritor. / This work aims to verify possible answers to the reading/writing, related to the fall of the universal knowledge and the social patterns that were good until some time ago, due to the loss in clear directions and the following birth of a person helpless in his own language, that can\'t distinguish the right from wrong, neither answer the basic questions in life, such as: when get married, what course should do, what family built. We believe that the possibility of the construction of the new way lays in the articulation between Psychoanalysis, Education and Art, more specifically, the Literary Art, because that is attached to the psychoanalytic theories building so by Freud and Lacan,which appealed to Literature to structure the basis of their thought. In order to reach this objective, we looked over Freud\'s and Lacan\'s studies, searching for a better comprehension of the word, and, in his last teaching, considered his more abstract and disturbing work. And, facing the radical emptiness that is noticed, it\'s allowed to the actual helpless person to create his own esthetic, his own style. This way, the singular writing of Clarisse Lispector points out the universal model, and, at the same time, as an example of building a singular style, suggesting a possible education more creative and that respects the individuality of each one, so that the reading/writing act can be understood as a communication and transmition not of absolute knowledge, but from the knowledges that come up from the personal history of each reader/writer.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the computer as a tool is helping dyslectic students who have Swedish as a second language in learning. The following questions were formulated: How important is it to diagnose dyslectic students? How does the computer assistance motivates dyslectic students achieve their goals? How easy is it to include dyslectic students in the ordinary class with computer assistance? And in which way does the school and home environments affect dyslectic students who have Swedish as a second language? The sample consisted of four dyslectic students, 13 to 15 year olds who have Swedish as a second language. And two Swedish and Swedish as second language teachers.  They were selected by purposive non-probability sampling. They were all participating in the one to one programme. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis. After transcribing the interviews’ six themes: diagnosis, computer as a tool, inclusion, motivation and environment were identified. The results were that computers are helpful tools for dyslectic students who have Swedish as a second language. Computer assistance makes these students more independent to find ways to support themselves. They do not need to face failure all the time, when they can use the computer to achieve success. It motivates the students to learn more. It was very clear that the students were more efficient in computers compared to the teacher´s. Maybe, both the teachers and the students should be given the same competence education. Motivation as the most important aspect in learning was very noticeable in all the six interviews. Keywords Dyslexia, Computer as a tool, Special Education, Reading Writing Difficulties, Content Analysis, One-One program, Motivation, Swedish as Second language, SVA.