Il existe peu de recherches, surtout en francophonie, qui portent une attention au point de vue des parents qui consomment des drogues sur leurs expériences personnelles en lien avec la prise en charge de leurs enfants par les services de protection de la jeunesse. Cette étude cherche à contribuer à la connaissance en la matière, en donnant une voix aux mères qui consomment des drogues illicites, des voix essentielles pour le développement et la bonification des services de soutien qui leur sont destinés. Ancrée dans deux cadres théoriques, la théorie de la reconnaissance et la théorie de l’intersectionnalité, cette recherche se focalise sur l’expérience, les stratégies et les logiques d’action des mères qui consomment des drogues illicites ayant des enfants pris en charge par les services de protection de la jeunesse. S’inscrivant dans une méthodologie qualitative et phénémonologique, neuf entretiens ont été menés avec des mères en s’inspirant de l’outil du récit de vie de Bertaux (2006). L’analyse des récits permet de faire émerger trois types de logiques d’action mises en place par les mères dans leur recherche de reconnaissance avec les services de protection de la jeunesse au Québec : une logique d’action d’indignation, une logique d’action de collaboration et une logique d’action de distanciation. Les résultats mettent en lumière l’articulation entre les expériences et les rapports que vivent ces mères avec la protection de la jeunesse et les stratégies qu’elles adoptent pour préserver leur dignité. Elle souligne l’importance des expériences de reconnaissance et de mépris dans la construction de leurs logiques d’action. Les récits des mères rencontrées et les résultats de cette recherche témoignent de l’impact que le mépris peut avoir sur leurs vies et de la grande nécessité de penser et d’agir à travers le prisme de la reconnaissance. Sur la base de ces résultats, quatre recommandations d’approches d’intervention sont évoquées comme étant prometteuses pour le renforcement de la reconnaissance et du pouvoir d’agir des mères qui consomment des drogues illicites. / There is little research, especially in the French language, that pays attention to the point of view of parents who use drugs and their personal experiences in relation to Child Protection Services (CPS). This study seeks to contribute to knowledge in this area, by giving a voice to mothers who use illicit drugs. These voices are essential for the development and improvement of the support services intended for these mothers and their children. Anchored in two theoretical frameworks, the theory of recognition and the theory of intersectionality, this research focuses on the experience, strategies, and logics of action of mothers who use illicit drugs with children taken into care by CPS. As part of a qualitative and phenemonological methodology, nine interviews, based on the life story tool of Bertaux (2006), were conducted with mothers who use illicit drugs. The analysis of these accounts reveals three types of logics of action put in place by mothers in their search for recognition with the youth protection services: a logic of indignation, a logic of collaboration and a logic of distancing. The results highlight the articulation between the experiences and relationships these mothers have with CPS and the strategies they adopt to preserve their dignity. It underlines the importance of experiences of recognition and contempt in the construction of their logics of action. The stories of these mothers and the results of this research testify to the impact that contempt can have on their lives and the great need to think and act through the prism of recognition. Based on these findings, four recommendations for intervention are invoked as being promising for strengthening recognition and empowerment of mothers who use illicit drugs.

Abstract The starting point for the research is to examine the educational perspectives of Axel Honneth’s recognition theory to find useful contents for educational institutions. The method of the thesis is conceptual analysis which gets a dual role: chapters two and three of the treatise define and analyse Honneth’s concept of recognition and its historic-philosophical context and with help of critical analyses, the articles (I, II and III) and chapter four of the dissertation connects the concept of recognition to the field of educational science. The starting points in the articles and the summary aim to respect Honneth’s own methodological starting points to discover new perspectives through criticism of criticism. Honneth’s methodological starting points, differing from the first and the second generations of critical theory, lie in a critique of critical theory resulting in the idea of normative reconstruction. The articles and chapter four elaborate on the central argument of the dissertation, demonstrating how social freedom as an ideal of democratic education leads to insurmountable problems. The argument is that from the perspective of education, Honneth’s idea of social freedom appears a rough initiation and socialisation to the prevailing culture. In these formulations, intentional pedagogical action vanishes in the background, and the process of Bildung gets a controversial character as an adaptation process. Education and Bildung are defined as homing processes on which the educator is unable to have an influence. This study concludes that this problem, peculiar to pragmatism, compels Honneth’s critical theory at a cross-roads; whether to follow the commitments to German idealism in the old critical theory or to abandon them by following pragmatism and Dewey. The danger is that by choosing the road of pragmatism, all the critical potential inherent in German idealism and old critical theory might be lost. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on selvittää Axel Honnethin kriittisen teorian kasvatuksellisia ja sivistyksellisiä ulottuvuuksia. Tutkielman metodologiassa sovelletaan käsiteanalyysin kaksoistulkinnallista luonnetta; toisaalta tutkimus analysoi Honnethin tunnustamisen käsitteen semanttisia rakenteita ja toisaalta historiallisen tarkastelun avulla sovittaa nämä määritelmät kansankielelle kytkien ne relevantteihin kasvatustieteellisiin diskursseihin. Tutkielman luvut kaksi ja kolme vastaavat tulkinnan ensimmäistä ulottuvuutta ja tutkielman artikkelit (I, II ja III) sekä neljäs luku toista ulottuvuutta. Tutkimuksen lähtökohdat pyrkivät tekemään kunniaa Honnethin omia lähtökohtia kohtaan; löytää kritiikillä kritiikistä hedelmällisiä näkökulmia. Honnethin kritiikin kritiikki, poiketen ensimmäisen ja toisen sukupolven kriittisestä teoriasta, kulminoituu normatiivisen rekonstruktion ideaan pyrkien palauttamaan Hegelin Oikeusfilosofialle ominaisen intention filosofis-normatiivisesta rekonstruktiosta, jota aikaisempi kriittinen teoria ei Honnethin mukaan kyennyt toteuttamaan. Tutkimuksen artikkelit ja luku neljä tuovat esille tutkimuksen keskeisimmän tuloksen osoittaen kuinka sosiaalinen vapaus demokratiakasvatuksen ideaalina johtaa ylitsepääsemättömiin ongelmiin. Honnethin muotoilema sosiaalisen vapauden idea näyttäytyy kasvatuksen kannalta pelkkänä initiaationa ja sosialisaationa olemassa olevaan kulttuuriin. Näin pedagogisen toiminnan kehittelyt jäävät taka-alalle ja sivistysprosessien kuvaukset muistuttavat luonnon prosesseille ominaista sopeutumista. Kasvatus ja sivistys kuvataan ongelmallisesti itsestään tapahtuvina prosesseina kasvattajan kykenemättä vaikuttamaan näihin prosesseihin. Tutkielman teesinä onkin, ajautuuko Honneth tienhaaraan sivuuttaessaan pragmatismin ongelmat – seuratako ensimmäisen sukupolven kriittistä teoriaa pysyen uskollisena saksalaiselle idealismille vai kulkeako pragmatismin tietä hyläten saksalaisen idealismin ja kriittisen teorian kriittinen potentiaali?

Within the last three decades, contemporary North America came to reinvent a socially focused genre of literary personal narratives. These new editorial and writing projects, published in the form of collections of personal narratives, emerged as a tool for the socially voiceless to secure some measure of agency in their contemporary social and cultural situation. Projects such as the Freedom Writers’ Diary or volumes of the Voice of Witness book series fit in the process that is currently labeled social empowerment. Witnesses express a deep urge to share their story in the hope to denounce their experience of an enduring social injustice. The written word, primary a means for self-disclosure, serves to exorcise the suffering associated to this specific predicament. The narrators engage in a powerful self-investigative gesture oriented towards resilience and renewed enfranchisement in regaining control over their life and environment. At the moment of publication, however, these testimonies come to be validated as authentic examples of the injustices they disclose. These examples serve an educational purpose: raising the audience’s awareness and opening deliberative fora for these issues to be discussed and for solutions to be hammered out and eventually implemented. <p>The purpose of this dissertation is to propose a theoretical model for the subgenre of testimonials of social empowerment. With the concept of empowerment as groundwork, the model develops a textual approach framed in a psychosocial structure. I argue that testimonials may be described as examples of Jürgen Habermas’s communicative action. As speech acts aimed at reaching understanding, testimonials capitalize both on the binding and bonding aspects of illocutionary force in the hope to secure with their audience an ongoing dialogue over issues of social justice. The volumes, as unofficial public spheres, mobilize the normative and practical dynamics at work in social movements. These dynamics express as two narrative guiding threads: an aesthetic based on impact, and an ethics based on responsibility. The texts’ aesthetic develops a form of perlocutionary realism instantiating a sense of authenticity and sincerity embodied in the narrators’ voices. The resulting impact is coupled to moral concerns based on a polysemic understanding of social responsibility, on which narrators seek to build their narratives’ ethical potential. A series of case studies allowed to demonstrate that both narrative threads are realized as an appropriation of four paradigmatic forms of rhetorical ethos, each based on a specific realm of the social world: intimacy, justice, spirituality and activism.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished