Small business family law firms generate jobs within the local community, but often fail because of suboptimal accounting strategies. A multiple case study was used to research the accounting strategies small business family law firm owners use to succeed in business beyond 5 years. The population for this study was three small business owners of family law firms located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. The small business family law firm owners had achieved and maintained profitability of their businesses for a minimum of 5 years. Financial literacy theory and the leadership skill model comprised the conceptual framework for this study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with the small business family law firm owners, a review of company documents, and field notes. Thematic analysis included data from face-to-face interviews, document collection, field notes, and current literature. Themes that emerged were (a) having or obtaining some formal accounting education, (b) working with an accounting professional, (c) categorizing expenses and using formal financial reporting, (d) developing and maintaining ethical standards of billing and unearned income, and (e) utilizing accounting software. Recommendations for action included investing in accounting courses and seeking professional assistance. Small business family law firm owners may apply these results to spend more time working with clients to increase income. Increasing the success of small business family law firm owners may contribute to positive social change by providing increased employment and economic health within communities.

The thesis deals with the issues of record keeping of the municipal property with regard to their development. The main goal is an identification of obtaining information resources for property passportization from time and financial point of view. The property passportization is defined as multifunctional record keeping and the thesis contains a proposal based on experience (for real estate -- on the basis of real situation in municipalities). The draft of the evidential card is created in Microsoft Excel.

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of MA in Communication Science University of Zululand, 2002 / In this thesis I present my recommendations regarding the role of organisational com¬munication and record keeping in Outcomes-Based Education within the intermediate phase classroom. I reveal that the fundamental switch from the traditional educator-centred teaching to learner-centred teaching in Out-comes Based Education requires that both educators and learners be in command of a range of communication strategies in order to construct meaning in the real-world social contexts. It will also be illustrated that intra-personal, interpersonal and small group involvements are all essential for successful teaching and learning to take place. The importance of verbal as well as nonverbal communication skills are also given due attention. Outcomes-Based Education is based not on knowledge, but on how we think learning takes place. The focus is on the mind of the learner as an knaginer, an inventor, a creator of ideas. What is clearly evident with this approach is the manner in which learners constandv ne¬gotiate, renegotiate and construct their own meaning. The focus is on the individual and not on the group. With this in mind, we need to note that everyone learns differently and we need to assess accordingly. As educators we also need to recognise what learners have learnt and we need to find ways of acknowledging that learning has indeed taken place. Out-comes Based Education requires a cooperative method of teaching which allows for democracy in the classroom. Learners are allowed to contribute freely about their daily ex¬periences. Further to this I examine the forms of communication that learners and educators must be in command of to succeed in OBE. I further recommend tools that can be imple¬mented to successfully manage assessments in OBE classrooms. A flexible database of spread¬sheets will be presented which could be adapted to suit individual schools.

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the organizational and environmental correlates of hospital EMR use and to examine the relationship between hospital EMR use and performance. Using a theoretical framework that combines resource dependence theory with Donabedian's structure, process, outcome model, a conceptual model is created. To test the hypotheses of this model, logistic regression and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are used. The data included in this analysis come from the AHA, HIMSS, CMS, ARF, and HQA. In the analysis of hospitals correlates of EMR use, three hypotheses were supported, and one was partially supported. Hospital system affiliation, bed size, and environmental uncertainty were found to be positively associated with hospital EMR use. Hospital rurality was found to be associated with EMR use for all categories except one; at every other level of rurality, as the hospital moves on a continuum from least rural to most urban, the likelihood of hospital EMR use also increases. Hospital EMR use was not found to be associated with teaching status, environmental munificence, competition, operating margin, ownership, or public payer mix. In the hospital performance analyses, one hypothesis was supported, and one was partially supported. Regarding quality, hospitals with EMRs were found to provide higher quality than those without EMRs. In efficiency performance, only small hospitals with EMRs were found to be more efficient than hospitals without EMRs. No support was found that hospitals with EMRs improve their efficiency over time more than hospitals without EMRs. Hospital EMR use does vary by certain organizational and environmental characteristics. For this reason, hospitals and policy makers must take action that enables and encourages all hospitals to implement and use EMRs because some hospitals do not have the motivation or resources to begin using EMRs on their own. Hospital EMR use is positively associated with high quality care, thus justifying the practice. Hospital efficiency was not found to be associated with EMR use in medium or large hospitals, but it was found to be associated with EMR use in small hospitals. Interestingly, larger hospitals are more likely to use EMRs than small hospitals. It is possible that the efficiency gains of EMR use in hospitals will not be realized until a standardized, fully interoperable system is developed, allowing health care provides to quickly and easily share the medical charts of their patients.

<p>Telefonen har blivit ett redskap för människor som söker kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården vilket har medfört krav på ökad tillgänglighet till den telefonrådgivning som ges vid hälsocentraler. Telefonrådgivning på hälsocentral utförs av distriktssköterskor och är en svår, viktig och ansvarsfull arbetsuppgift som dessutom kräver tålamod och flexibilitet. Telefonrådgivning medför ibland svåra prioriteringar för distriktssköterskan. Arbetsuppgiften upptar mera av distriktssköterskans arbetstid än tidigare. Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om hur distriktssköterskorna upplever telefonrådgivning som arbetsuppgift och hur de upplever att dokumentera i samband med telefonrådgivning. Tio distriktssköterskor intervjuades. I resultat framkom att informanterna upplevde att arbetet i telefonrådgivning innebär att ta snabba beslut, en del beslut är svåra och vissa beslut upplevdes som obekväma. Informanterna upplevde att de alltid måste balansera olika krav. Informanterna beskrev att de känner tacksamhet för sin egen kompetens och erfarenhet som kommer väl till användning vid de ständiga prioriteringarna och den fördelning av resurser som förekommer. Informanterna beskrev flera olika känslomässiga upplevelser. Informanterna menade att tiden ofta är för begränsade för varje patientärende och finns tidsutrymme för noggrann dokumentation, känns det som en bonus.</p> / <p>The phone has become an important tool för people seeking contact in health services this has led to greater demands on the availability of telephone advice given at the health centers. Telephone counseling at health centers conducted by the district nurses, is a difficult, important and responsible task which requires both patience and flexibility. Telephone counseling involves sometimes difficult priorities for the district nurse. Telephone counseling has resulted in a change of district nurse tasks and occupies more of the district nurse working hour than before. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how district nurses experience working with telephone advice and how they experience the ability to write in the patient records. Ten district nurses were interviewed for the study, all working in health center with telephone counseling and with home nursing, reception work or child health. The results found that the informants experienced that working in a telephone counseling means above all, to make quick decisions, some difficult decisions and some decisions are perceived as inconvenient. The informants experienced that they always have to balance various demands. The informants described that they feel gratitude for their own skills and their own experiences for use at all these priorities and allocation of resources at the present. The informants had various emotional experiences. The informants believed that time is often too limited for each patient case and if time is sufficient for careful documentation, it feels like a bonus.</p>

Telefonen har blivit ett redskap för människor som söker kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården vilket har medfört krav på ökad tillgänglighet till den telefonrådgivning som ges vid hälsocentraler. Telefonrådgivning på hälsocentral utförs av distriktssköterskor och är en svår, viktig och ansvarsfull arbetsuppgift som dessutom kräver tålamod och flexibilitet. Telefonrådgivning medför ibland svåra prioriteringar för distriktssköterskan. Arbetsuppgiften upptar mera av distriktssköterskans arbetstid än tidigare. Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om hur distriktssköterskorna upplever telefonrådgivning som arbetsuppgift och hur de upplever att dokumentera i samband med telefonrådgivning. Tio distriktssköterskor intervjuades. I resultat framkom att informanterna upplevde att arbetet i telefonrådgivning innebär att ta snabba beslut, en del beslut är svåra och vissa beslut upplevdes som obekväma. Informanterna upplevde att de alltid måste balansera olika krav. Informanterna beskrev att de känner tacksamhet för sin egen kompetens och erfarenhet som kommer väl till användning vid de ständiga prioriteringarna och den fördelning av resurser som förekommer. Informanterna beskrev flera olika känslomässiga upplevelser. Informanterna menade att tiden ofta är för begränsade för varje patientärende och finns tidsutrymme för noggrann dokumentation, känns det som en bonus. / The phone has become an important tool för people seeking contact in health services this has led to greater demands on the availability of telephone advice given at the health centers. Telephone counseling at health centers conducted by the district nurses, is a difficult, important and responsible task which requires both patience and flexibility. Telephone counseling involves sometimes difficult priorities for the district nurse. Telephone counseling has resulted in a change of district nurse tasks and occupies more of the district nurse working hour than before. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how district nurses experience working with telephone advice and how they experience the ability to write in the patient records. Ten district nurses were interviewed for the study, all working in health center with telephone counseling and with home nursing, reception work or child health. The results found that the informants experienced that working in a telephone counseling means above all, to make quick decisions, some difficult decisions and some decisions are perceived as inconvenient. The informants experienced that they always have to balance various demands. The informants described that they feel gratitude for their own skills and their own experiences for use at all these priorities and allocation of resources at the present. The informants had various emotional experiences. The informants believed that time is often too limited for each patient case and if time is sufficient for careful documentation, it feels like a bonus.

This research focuses on the development and study of socially appropriate ways to archive data about important life experiences during unexpected and unstructured situations. This work involves three significant phases: formative studies to understand the data capture needs of particular populations of users in these situations; design and development of a technical architecture for capture and access in these settings coupled with design and development of applications for two specific domain problems; and evaluation of this solution as it pertains to these domain problems. The underlying solution presented in this dissertation is known as selective archiving, in which services are always on and available for recording but require some explicit action to archive data. If no such action is taken, recorded data is deleted automatically after a specified time. Selectively archived segments of data can provide an efficient way to recover and to analyze high quality data that traditionally available. The projects presented in this dissertation provide insight about the ways in which we can support record-keeping in informal and unstructured settings. Furthermore, when examined together, these projects provide a view into the larger generalized problem of unstructured capture and access and the acceptability of capture technologies. These considerations evolved into a set of seven tensions surrounding recording technologies that are presented in this dissertation. Furthermore, the experiences surrounding the deployment and evaluation of selective archiving technologies demonstrate the ways in which people use different types of knowledge and cues from the world to determine their reactions to and adoption of such technologies.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / South Africa is faced with a high number of people living with HIV/AIDS, and subsequently a great need to access quality medicines for improving patient therapeutic outcomes. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) require rigid, efficient and effective management, due to their valuable efficacy in prolonging the survival of HIV/AIDS patients, and the limited possibility of substitution. Managing their flow is vital to ensure an uninterrupted supply. Problematic inventory management was experienced by some healthcare facilities in South Africa where in recent years it resulted in stock outs and stock losses through thefts. These factors present obstacles to the availability of quality medicines, which ultimately leads to treatment failure and deterioration of the health status of patients. The aim of this study was to characterise the inventory management practices and medicine store maintenance of ARVs in community health centres (CHCs) in the Cape Metropole, Western Cape, in order to identify specific problems associated with ARV stock management. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional study design to examine ARV records and to highlight associated discrepancies between recorded iii quantities on logistics tools used and physical counts, to assess the store maintenance, to measure the supply rate and identify factors contributing to poor stock management. The sample comprised 15 CHCs under the Western Cape Provincial Government (WCPG) accredited to provide ARV treatment. A checklist developed by Management Sciences for Health was adapted and was used to gather quantitative information (e.g. physical stock count). Some qualitative data was collected from responsible personnel for ARV drug management at each site. 86.7% of CHCs utilised a logistics tool (either manual or electronic) to manage ARVs. The average number of adult ARV drugs with a logistics tool available in all CHCs was 82.7% of which 21.9% met the criteria for accuracy. Only 32.9% of all logistics tools had records that were up to date. The average percentage of total variation between stock records and physical counts for the ARV drugs assessed was 51.6%. No historical data on stock outs and monthly usage (monthly consumption) could be retrieved in any of the CHCs, although there were no actual stock outs on the day of the fieldwork. The order fill rate was 91.9%. Since ordering is done more often that it should, stock availability did not appear to be problematic. Standard appropriate physical dimensions were not met by 20% of the CHCs and only 66.7% of the CHCs had appropriate labeling of the shelves in the dispensary and in the storeroom. This study demonstrated poor inventory management with respect to the general quality of record keeping, space allocation and general organisation of the medicine storeroom. Making timely entries and recording issues on logistics tools are recommended to keep up to date inventory records and management information system. Frequent monitoring of stock status is suggested, to avoid discrepancies and to keep it to adequate levels iv which will minimise multiple ordering. Regular supervision by the district pharmacist is needed to identify training and other needs. A study on general cost and delivery costs associated with poor record keeping should be carried out.

Dateisammlungen gehören in vielen Archiven mit zu den am häufigsten angebotenen Daten, mit denen man im Rahmen der digitalen Langzeitarchivierung konfrontiert ist. Gerade im Bereich der Übernahme von Nachlässen und vor dem Hintergrund einer oftmals mangelhaften Aktenführung in der Verwaltung kommt diesen im Rahmen der Überlieferung eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Bedeutung zu. Dennoch ist die archivfachliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema in den vergangenen Jahren überschaubar, wie der Vortrag mit Blick auf die vorhandene deutschsprachige Literatur zeigen will. Da der Umgang mit komplexen Dateisammlungen eine Herausforderung darstellt, soll in einem zweiten Teil ein Musterworkflow vorgestellt werden, der praxisnah versucht, mittleren und kleineren Archiven mit wenig Personal, überschaubaren finanziellen Ressourcen und geringen Erfahrungen im Bereich der Archivierung von Dateisammlungen eine Hilfestellung anzubieten. / In many archives, file collections are among the data most frequently dealt with in the context of digital long-term archiving. Especially when dealing with “Nachlässen” and in the context of inadequate records management. The lecture wants to show that despite this relevance, the discussion of the topic in recent years has been low. In a second part, a handout is presented that tries to offer practical assistance in archiving file collections.

Svenska offentliga organisationer har behov av ärendehanteringssystem för att hantera offentlighetskraven som ställs på dem. En flora av sådana system finns, men det saknas anpassade metoder för att införa dessa, vilket kan resultera i misslyckade investeringar och brister i organisationernas måluppfyllelse. Denna studie föreslår därför en modell för införande av ärendehanteringssystem, som ska ge organisationerna det stöd de behöver i införandeprojekten. Studien utfördes genom en kvalitativ metod grundad på design science research där även element av action research ingick. De fyra forskningsfaserna som ingick var en intervjustudie, en litteraturstudie, framtagande av en införandemodell och utvärdering av modellen. En modell för införande av ärendehanteringssystem kallad NOKI-modellen togs fram, vilken grundade sig på tidigare forskning samt på de problem som upplevdes hos två svenska offentliga organisationer. Modellen utvärderades genom att appliceras på ett systeminförande hos de två organisationerna. Organisationerna var över lag nöjda med resultatet av införandet enligt NOKI-modellen, och uppfattade att modellen var ett bra stöd som även kunde ha ett värde för andra organisationer vid liknande systeminföranden. De lärdomar som drogs genom att utvärdera NOKI-modellens tydlighet, innehåll och implementationsvärde ledde till en föreslagen uppdaterad version kallad NOKIv2 som dock inte har utvärderats inom studien. Inga etiska problem med studien har kunnat identifieras då den ställts mot de kriterier som gäller för svensk forskning. En samhällelig aspekt med studiens resultat är att offentliga organisationer som, med hjälp av NOKI-modellen, genomför ett lyckat införande av ett ärendehanteringssystem sedan bättre kan uppfylla sina offentlighetskrav. Studiens resultat och slutsatser förmodas vara värdefulla för organisationer som skall införa ett ärendehanteringssystem samt för forskare som studerar införandeprocesser. / Swedish public organizations have a need for recordkeeping systems to handle the legal requirements placed on them. A flora of such systems exists, but there is a lack of properly adapted methods for adopting these systems, which can result in failed investments and lack of fulfillment of the organizational goals. The thesis was done through a qualitative method based on design science research where elements of action research also were present. The four phases of the thesis were a practical study, a theoretical study, the creation of a model for system adoption and finally an evaluation of the model. A model for the adoption of record keeping systems called the NOKI-model was created, which was based on earlier research as well as on the problems that were perceived by two Swedish public organizations. The model was evaluated by applying it on a system adoption project in the two organizations. The two organizations were generally pleased with the results of the system adoption through the NOKI-model, and perceived that the model was useful and that it also should have a value for usage by other organizations when doing similar system implementations. The lessons learned by evaluating the clarity, content and value of implementation of the NOKI-model led to an updated version called NOKIv2 which has not been evaluated within this thesis. No ethical problems could be identified in the study, when placed against the criteria that apply for Swedish research. A societal aspect with the results of the thesis is that public organizations that, using the NOKI-model, successfully adopt a record keeping system will be better equipped to fulfill their requirements of public availability. The results and conclusions of the thesis are presumed to be valuable for organizations that are about to adopt a record keeping system, as well as for researchers that are studying system adoption processes.