The subject of the diploma thesis is a design of a kindergarten in a passive standard standing on a plot situated in the center of Fulnek. The building has two floors and the first floor is embedded in the terrain. The vertical load-bearing structures consist of sand-lime masonry with a contact thermal insulation system. The building is based on foundation strips due to the type of subsoil. The roofing is then solved by a single-layer flat roof with a vegetation layer.

Psykisk ohälsa, dit utmattningssyndrom hör, är en av de vanligast förekommande orsakerna till längre sjukskrivningar i Sverige. Detta är särskilt vanligt i människonära yrken, såsom vård och omsorg. Detta är väl utforskat, men vad som är mindre väl utforskat är de organisatoriska faktorer som bidrar till förekomsten av utmattningssyndrom. I en tolkande fenomenologisk analys av fem personers upplevelse av utmattningssyndrom framkom att tung arbetsbörda; bristande ledarskap; brister i det sociala stödet och brist på återhämtning lyftes fram som faktorer som påverkat att de hade drabbats av utmattningssyndrom. Särskilt bristen av återhämtning lyftes fram som viktig. Detta hängde ofta samman med nya typer av scheman, bland annat så kallade hälsoscheman (scheman framtagna i linje med rådande forskning kring bra skiftscheman, ofta med fokus på att korta nattarbetarnas arbetspass från tio till åtta timmar). Intressanta studieområden för framtiden borde således vara återhämtningens roll i förhindrandet av eller uppkomsten av utmattningssyndrom samt att närmare studera vad införandet av dessa hälsoscheman betyder. / Mental health issues, among them burnout syndrome, are one of the common causes behind longer sick leave absences in Sweden. They’re especially common in sectors working closely with people, such as healthcare. This area is well explored, but what is less researched is the organisational factors that contribute to the occurrence of burnout syndrome. In an interpretative phenomenological analysis of five persons’ experience of burnout, it was found that heavy workload, deficient leadership, a lack of social support and a lack of recuperation was seen as factors that impacted on persons with  burn out syndrome. Especially lack of recuperation was pointed out as significant. It was often seen linked to new types of work schedules, particularly what is known as health schedules (schedules developed according to research about what constitutes a good shift schedule, often focusing on shortening night-workers’ shifts from ten to eight hours). Interesting areas for future research should therefore be the role of recuperation as prevention of or cause of burnout, as well studies about the implementation of these health schedules.

The aim of this Master´s Thesis is to create project documentation for office building with nearly zero energy consumption. The topic of the Master´s Thesis is Office Building located in Brno Komárov. Thesis is divided in to 3 main parts. In a first part, constructional solution is proposed. Office building is designed for recruitment agency with capacity of 32 personnel that consists of 3 floors, green roof and green facade. Ground plan of designed building is in rectangular shape. On the first floor there is a reception, offices, registry, small kitchen and staff room. Second floor is similar to the first one but it has a conference room. Third floor is designed as staff room with coffee lounge. In second part of Master Thesis design of building services engineering systems is proposed. Building uses forced ventilation with heat recovery. Heating is provided by two condensing gas boilers. Supply of electric energy is partially ensured by photovoltaic power plant. In addition, rain water is effectively used in this building. In the third part evaluation of six designed compositions of floor with Life Cycle Assessment method is done. Software used to elaborate this Master´s Thesis are following: ArchiCad, DekSoft, GaBi, Excel and Lumion.

No description available.

No description available.

The hydraulic system in a fighter aircraft is not fully utilised during large parts of the flight mission were more electrical power is needed. To better utilise the hydraulic power the current Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump (AHP) and the Emergency Hydraulic Pump (EHP) can be exchanged to an Electro Hydraulic Energy Converter (EHEC). The EHEC has the possibility to provide hydraulic power to the system, but also convert hydraulic power into electric power. The control for such a unit can be implemented in different ways. A literature study was performed to decide a suitable architecture for use in a fighter aircraft application. A simulation model representing the resulting architecture was created. The simulation model was successful in describing the basic behaviour of the hydraulic system, but lacks a realistic representation of hydraulic consumers.  Different control strategies were created and tested on the simulation model with several test scenarios based on real flight data from tests performed on the aircraft. The control strategies were compared and suitable candidates were presented based on their relative performance and compared with the current hydraulic system behaviour. An architecture consisting of a variable displacement pump with over-center capabilities combined with a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) was decided to be used. A PI-controller with a feedforward on consumer flow was the best performing controller for use in emergency operation of the EHEC. For the case when regenerating electrical power a PI-controller with load pressure feedback is desired initially during start up. When reaching steady state a PI-controller without load pressure feedback is then advantageous.

Power dispersion within oil injected screw air compressors : The PhD-work shows the power dispersion within the oil- and air circuits of oil injected screw air compressors for the working pressures (Pd), where Pd has been tested for Pd ≤ 8,5 bar (a) and Pd ≤14,0 bar(a) respectively. The executed test runs with mineral oil have further confirmed the suppliers quoted performance data within stated tolerances. For comparison of the compressor performance with type of lubricant, the performance tests have been repeated with the four most common types of lubricants, which today are commercialised for screw air compressors. The selected lubricants hold the same cinematic viscosity (ISO VG 46), but the lubricants diverge in question of solubility of air and in formation of air bubbles during the compression cycle. These phenomenas confirm deviations in prevailing viscosity in the oil film and demonstrate that the performance data vary slightly with selected type of lubricant. The tests have proven that the air, which dissolve in the lubricant during the compression cycle will not degas during the resting period in the air/oil receiver, nor will the miniscule air bubbles degas due to their low ascending speed. This means that the content of dissolved air and air bubbles in the oil in the receiver becomes the most elevated within the system and where the temperature is the highest within the compressor cycle. Further is the resting period of the oil in the receiver extreme long in relation to the over all operating cycle of the oil. The conclusion is that the destruction (oxidation) of the oil is taking place in the oil/air receiver and nowhere else within the system. To counteract the oxidation and other destructive processes in the oil circuit « additives » are introduced in the oil. So are e.g. anti-oxide additives reducing the formation of peroxides and are by this reducing the oxidation velocity of the oil until the additives have been consumed. These additives are reducing the oxidation velocity of the lubricants, but will as well, due to the increased polarity caused by the additives, increase the content of dissolved water in the oil. However, this increased content of dissolved water is (strongly) reducing life of the roller bearings. The measured quantities of dissolved water in the lubricants (after the executed tests) have been compared with achieved bearing life from tests executed by others. The PhD work is finally summarizing that the only method to strongly reduce the destruction of the lubricant is to immediately separate off the oil from the compressed air at exit of the compressor. In addition, the today's « dumped » power in the oil cooler can be recovered to increase the available pneumatic power by some 25-30%. Assumingly, this increase in working temperature of the pneumatic air will, in addition increase the efficiency in applied pneumatic tools.

Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist die Frage, ob Hybridkonzepte auf hydrostatischer Grundlage eine realistische Alternative zu elektrohybriden Antriebskonfigurationen für Dieseltriebwagen sein können. Die Untersuchung dieser Fragestellung erfolgt mit Hilfe von Simulationsmodellen, die auf der 1-d-Simulationsumgebung Imagine.Lab AMESim beruhen. Zunächst wird die fahrdynamische und antriebstechnische Modellierung eines dieselhydraulischen Regionaltriebwagens unter Berücksichtigung einer energiesparenden Fahrweise dargestellt. Ausgehend von Massenbilanzen werden untereinander vergleichbare Hybridkonfigurationen auf hydrostatischer (Gasdruckspeicher), elektrostatischer (Doppelschichtkondensatoren) und elektrochemischer (Li-Ionen-Speicher) Basis entwickelt. Die Modellierung der hydraulischen und elektrischen Antriebsstränge wird eingehend diskutiert. Die abgeleiteten Hybridkonfigurationen werden anschließend bezüglich spezieller Fahrspiele und Betriebskonzepte detailliert untersucht, um auf dieser Grundlage günstige Parametrierungen der Systeme ableiten und die günstigste Betriebsstrategie identifizieren zu können. Anschließend wird eine umfangreiche Analyse des Verhaltens der verschiedenen Hybridkonfigurationen auf ausgewählten realen Nahverkehrsstrecken vorgenommen. Im Rahmen der durchgeführten Simulationen wird schließlich das Kraftstoffeinsparpotential in Abhängigkeit von Streckenprofil, Hybridkonfiguration und Zugart ermittelt und verglichen.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O processo de recuperação secundária de petróleo é comumente realizado com a injeção de água ou gás no reservatório a fim de manter a pressão necessária para sua extração. Para que o investimento seja viável, os gastos com a extração precisam ser menores do que o retorno financeiro obtido com a produção de petróleo. Objetivando-se estudar possíveis cenários para o processo de exploração, costuma-se utilizar simulações dos processos de extração. As equações que modelam esse processo de recuperação são de caráter hiperbólico e não lineares, as quais podem ser interpretadas como Leis de Conservação, cujas soluções são complexas por suas naturezas descontínuas. Essas descontinuidades ou saltos são conhecidas como ondas de choque. Neste trabalho foi abordada uma análise matemática para os fenômenos oriundos de leis de conservação, para em seguida utilizá-la no entendimento do referido problema. Foram estudadas soluções fracas que, fisicamente, podem ser interpretadas como ondas de choque ou rarefação, então, para que fossem distinguidas as fisicamente admissíveis, foi considerado o princípio de entropia, nas suas diversas formas. As simulações foram realizadas nos âmbitos dos escoamentos bifásicos e trifásicos, em que os fluidos são imiscíveis e os efeitos gravitacionais e difusivos, devido à pressão capilar, foram desprezados. Inicialmente, foi feito um estudo comparativo de resoluções numéricas na captura de ondas de choque em escoamento bifásico água-óleo. Neste estudo destacam-se o método Composto LWLF-k, o esquema NonStandard e a introdução da nova função de renormalização para o esquema NonStandard, onde obteve resultados satisfatórios, principalmente em regiões onde a viscosidade do óleo é muito maior do que a viscosidade da água. No escoamento bidimensional, um novo método é proposto, partindo de uma generalização do esquema NonStandard unidimensional. Por fim, é feita uma adaptação dos métodos LWLF-4 e NonStandard para a simulação em escoamentos trifásicos em domínios unidimensional. O esquema NonStandard foi considerado mais eficiente nos problemas abordados, uma vez que sua versão bidimensional mostrou-se satisfatória na captura de ondas de choque em escoamentos bifásicos em meios porosos. / The process of secondary oil recovery is commonly accomplished by injecting water or gas into the reservoir to maintain the necessary pressure for their extraction. So that the investment is viable spending extraction must be smaller than the financial return to oil production. Aiming to study possible scenarios for the exploration process, it is customary to use simulations of extraction processes. The equations that model this process of recovery are hyperbolic and nonlinear, which can be interpreted as Conservation Laws , whose solutions are complex by their discontinuous nature . These discontinuities or jumps are known as shock waves. Due to this importance, this work will be discussed a mathematical analysis of the phenomena arising from conservation laws, to then use it in the understanding of this problem. Weak solutions that physically can be interpreted as shock waves or rarefaction, so that they might be distinguished physically admissible were studied, was considered the principle of entropy, in its various forms. The simulations were performed in the fields of two-phase and three-phase flow, in which the fluids are immiscible and gravitational and diffusive effects due to capillary pressure, were discarded. Initially a comparative study of numerical resolutions in the capture of shock waves in water-oil two-phase flow was made. This study highlights LWLF k Composite method and Nonstandard. Was also presented a new renormalization function for nonstandard scheme with satisfactory results, especially in regions where the oil viscosity is much higher than the viscosity of the water. In twodimensional flow, a new method will be presented. The same is a generalization of onedimensional nonstandard schema. Finally, the adaptation of nonstandard and LWLF-4 methods for simulating in three-phase one-dimensional flows. In general, the nonstandard scheme was considered the most efficient method in problems addressed, since its twodimensional version was satisfactory in capturing shock waves in two-phase flow in porous media.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O processo de recuperação secundária de petróleo é comumente realizado com a injeção de água ou gás no reservatório a fim de manter a pressão necessária para sua extração. Para que o investimento seja viável, os gastos com a extração precisam ser menores do que o retorno financeiro obtido com a produção de petróleo. Objetivando-se estudar possíveis cenários para o processo de exploração, costuma-se utilizar simulações dos processos de extração. As equações que modelam esse processo de recuperação são de caráter hiperbólico e não lineares, as quais podem ser interpretadas como Leis de Conservação, cujas soluções são complexas por suas naturezas descontínuas. Essas descontinuidades ou saltos são conhecidas como ondas de choque. Neste trabalho foi abordada uma análise matemática para os fenômenos oriundos de leis de conservação, para em seguida utilizá-la no entendimento do referido problema. Foram estudadas soluções fracas que, fisicamente, podem ser interpretadas como ondas de choque ou rarefação, então, para que fossem distinguidas as fisicamente admissíveis, foi considerado o princípio de entropia, nas suas diversas formas. As simulações foram realizadas nos âmbitos dos escoamentos bifásicos e trifásicos, em que os fluidos são imiscíveis e os efeitos gravitacionais e difusivos, devido à pressão capilar, foram desprezados. Inicialmente, foi feito um estudo comparativo de resoluções numéricas na captura de ondas de choque em escoamento bifásico água-óleo. Neste estudo destacam-se o método Composto LWLF-k, o esquema NonStandard e a introdução da nova função de renormalização para o esquema NonStandard, onde obteve resultados satisfatórios, principalmente em regiões onde a viscosidade do óleo é muito maior do que a viscosidade da água. No escoamento bidimensional, um novo método é proposto, partindo de uma generalização do esquema NonStandard unidimensional. Por fim, é feita uma adaptação dos métodos LWLF-4 e NonStandard para a simulação em escoamentos trifásicos em domínios unidimensional. O esquema NonStandard foi considerado mais eficiente nos problemas abordados, uma vez que sua versão bidimensional mostrou-se satisfatória na captura de ondas de choque em escoamentos bifásicos em meios porosos. / The process of secondary oil recovery is commonly accomplished by injecting water or gas into the reservoir to maintain the necessary pressure for their extraction. So that the investment is viable spending extraction must be smaller than the financial return to oil production. Aiming to study possible scenarios for the exploration process, it is customary to use simulations of extraction processes. The equations that model this process of recovery are hyperbolic and nonlinear, which can be interpreted as Conservation Laws , whose solutions are complex by their discontinuous nature . These discontinuities or jumps are known as shock waves. Due to this importance, this work will be discussed a mathematical analysis of the phenomena arising from conservation laws, to then use it in the understanding of this problem. Weak solutions that physically can be interpreted as shock waves or rarefaction, so that they might be distinguished physically admissible were studied, was considered the principle of entropy, in its various forms. The simulations were performed in the fields of two-phase and three-phase flow, in which the fluids are immiscible and gravitational and diffusive effects due to capillary pressure, were discarded. Initially a comparative study of numerical resolutions in the capture of shock waves in water-oil two-phase flow was made. This study highlights LWLF k Composite method and Nonstandard. Was also presented a new renormalization function for nonstandard scheme with satisfactory results, especially in regions where the oil viscosity is much higher than the viscosity of the water. In twodimensional flow, a new method will be presented. The same is a generalization of onedimensional nonstandard schema. Finally, the adaptation of nonstandard and LWLF-4 methods for simulating in three-phase one-dimensional flows. In general, the nonstandard scheme was considered the most efficient method in problems addressed, since its twodimensional version was satisfactory in capturing shock waves in two-phase flow in porous media.