Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelCMN_DISSERT.pdf: 16186905 bytes, checksum: 2eff0d12f0947aff6c9902b788587ee5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-30 / It is presented a solar cooker made with a parabolic reflector composed by a composite material. For this purpose, it was utilized a cast concrete with a parabolic profile obtained by means of modeling. It will be demonstrated the manufacturing process and settings, as well as tests results, in order to determine the contact temperature and cooking time of some foods. This solar cooker presents the following main characteristics: the concentration method, low cost and easy manufacturing process. It was performed by employing recycled materials such as cement, plaster, crushed polystyrene and wheels. The captation area measures 1 square meter and its parabole was covered with a mirrors measuring 25 cm2. A temperature higher than 650?C was obtained. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the cooking viability for several type of foods such as beans, potatoes, rice, yams and pasta can be used in two meals for a family of four. In addition, the advantages of this cooker were analysed in comparison with others described in literature as well as those operating on gas. Especially in Northeast of Brazil, where there is a potential for solar energy, this prototype is an important tool, because it avoids not only desertification, but also pollutants from burning firewoods which cause ecological imbalance / Apresenta-se um fog?o solar a concentra??o com par?bola refletora constru?da com um material comp?sito. Foi utilizado um molde de concreto com perfil parab?lico obtido atrav?s da modelagem. Ser?o apresentados os processos de fabrica??o e montagem bem como os resultados de testes para determinar a temperatura de contacto e os tempos de cozedura de certos tipos de alimentos. O fog?o solar a concentra??o tem como principal caracter?stica seu custo baixo, sendo produzidos a partir de uma composi??o de materiais reutiliz?veis, como cimento, gesso e EPS triturado e pneus. Apresenta ?rea de capta??o de 1,0 metro quadrado e sua par?bola foi coberto com segmentos de espelhos de 25 cm?. As principais carracter?sticas do fog?o solar ? concentra??o propostas s?o seus f?ceis processos de fabrica??o, montagem e seu baixo custo. Obteve-se temperatura de foco superioor a 650?C. Demonstrou-se a viabilidade de coc??o desse fog?o solar para v?rios tipo de alimentos como feij?o, batata, arroz, inhame e macarr?o e podendo ser usado em duas refei??es para uma fam?lia de quatro pessoas. A competitividade do fog?o solar estudado com outros apontados pela literatura solar para coc??o de alimentos e at? mesmo com o fog?o a g?s para excelentes condi??es solarim?tricas. Este prot?tipo pode representar uma importante contribui??o para o uso de fog?es solares, especialmente no Nordeste, para o combate ? desertifica??o, e emiss?o de poluentes pelo uso massivo de lenha, que causa desequil?brio ecol?gico nessa regi?o

Esta tese apresenta o estudo das placas recicladas provenientes de embalagens Longa Vida. São compostas principalmente por polietileno de baixa densidade, alumínio e resíduos de papel. Embora as placas recicladas sejam tratadas como sustentáveis e aplicadas nas edificações com resultados positivos, são poucos os dados publicados que apresentam sua caracterização geral. Outros problemas foram identificados, como a necessidade de melhoria na tecnologia para produção, dificuldade na aceitação estética e pouco design incorporado aos produtos e objetos resultantes. Apesar dos problemas, a observação do uso crescente dessas placas resultou no traçado da hipótese desta pesquisa: as placas podem ser mais eficientes e atrativas para especificação, se utilizadas com design incorporado aos componentes arquitetônicos. A partir disso, o trabalho busca dois objetivos essenciais: traçar um perfil de caracterização técnica e de design relacionados ao material e, a partir desse repertório, apresentar propostas projetuais alternativas para uso na arquitetura. Para tanto, foram estudadas as conceituações sobre materialidade, as abordagens técnicas, estéticas e culturais e a reciclagem e produção das placas, além de ensaios térmicos de condutividade térmica e calor específico, absortância, envelhecimento acelerado em câmera de UV e o ensaio complementar de transição vítrea. A caracterização estética gerou dados sistematizados sobre textura, tamanho, espessura e estudos compositivos com outros materiais. Por fim, foram criadas três propostas projetuais como indicativos de novas possibilidades de uso das placas. Este estudo concluiu que as placas de polietileno-alumínio podem ser utilizadas em várias superfícies arquitetônicas, desde que cuidadosamente incorporadas aos sistemas, prezando-se a qualidade da produção, projeto, design e acabamento. / This thesis presents the study of plates from recycled cartoon packaging. They are composed mainly of low density polyethylene, aluminum and paper waste. Although the plates are treated as recycled and sustainable, applied in building with positive results, there are few published data to show their general characterization. Other problems were identified: need for improvement of production technology, difficulty in accepting some design aesthetics and few design incorporated to the products and the resulting objects. Despite the problems, the observation of the growing use of these plates resulted in the design of the hypothesis of this research: the plates can be more efficient and attractive to specification if used with design incorporated into the architectural components. Based on this, the work seeks two essential goals: a profile of technical characterization and design-related material, and from this repertoire, present proposals about design alternatives for use in architecture. To this end, were studied the concepts of materiality, in technical, aesthetics and cultural approaches and the recycling and production of plates, besides the thermal tests of thermal conductivity and specific heat, absorptance, accelerated aging and UV camera and additional test of glass transition. The aesthetic characterizations generated systematic data on texture, size, thickness and compositional studies with other materials. Finally, were created three project proposals as indicative of new possibilities to use the plates. Through this study it can be concluded that the polyethylene-aluminum plates can be used in various architectural surfaces, as long as they are carefully incorporated into the systems, maintaining the quality the quality of production, design and finish.

El presente trabajo de investigación abarca distintos temas relacionados a cómo se llevará a cabo la formulación e implementación de la marca de moda sostenible, Berthana, que ofrece prendas de vestir exclusivas y elaboradas en base a materiales ecoamigables como el poliéster reciclado y el algodón orgánico en el mercado de Lima, Perú. El objetivo de este proyecto es presentar un modelo de negocio rentable que ofrezca a posibles inversionistas un plan de negocio sostenible. El trabajo de investigación comenzó con el proceso de ideación del proyecto, donde se describe el modelo de negocio. Luego, se realizó la validación del problema a través del desarrollo de experimentos. Posteriormente, se definió los segmentos de clientes, así como el tamaño de mercado frente a la solución propuesta. Después, se realizó el diseño y desarrollo del plan concierge que permitió elaborar la proyección de ventas, junto a otras variables, para los tres años que dura el proyecto. Con base en los resultados proyectados, se elaboró el Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Marketing y Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial para el proyecto. Finalmente, la elaboración del Plan Financiero permitió conocer la factibilidad del proyecto a través del reconocimiento de las ventas proyectadas, inversión, costos, gastos y capital de trabajo. Fue fundamental, además, el apoyo en diferentes indicadores financieros y ratios para medir la efectividad de la administración de la empresa, para controlar los costos y gastos y, de esta manera, convertir ventas en ganancias para los accionistas. / This research work covers different topics related to how the formulation and implementation of the sustainable fashion brand, Berthana, will be carried out, offering exclusive clothing made from eco-friendly materials such as recycled polyester and organic cotton in Lima, Peru. The objective of this project is to present a profitable business model that offers to potential investors a sustainable business plan. The research work began with the project ideation process, where the business model was described. Then, the validation of the problem was carried out through the development of experiments. Subsequently, the customer segments were defined, as well as the size of the market compared to the proposed solution. Then it was made the design and development of the janitor plan that analyzed the preparation of sales projections, along with other variables, for the three years that the project lasts. Based on the projected results, it was prepared the Strategic Plan, Operations Plan, Human Resources Plan, Marketing Plan and Corporate Social Responsibility Plan for the project. Finally, the preparation of the Financial Plan would detect the feasibility of the project through the recognition of projected sales, investment, costs, expenses and working capital. In addition, we rely on different financial indicators and ratios to measure the transformation of the company's administration, to control costs and expenses and, in this way, convert sales into profits for shareholders. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis is concerned with developing porous materials from tyre shred residue and polyurethane binder for acoustic absorption and thermal insulation applications. The resultant materials contains a high proportion of open, interconnected cells that are able to absorb incident sound waves through viscous friction, inertia effects and thermal energy exchanges. The materials developed are also able to insulate against heat by suppressing the convection of heat and reduced conductivity of the fluid locked in the large proportion of close-cell pores. The acoustic absorption performance of a porous media is controlled by the number of open cells and pore size distribution. Therefore, this work also investigates the use of catalysts and surfactants to modify the pore structure and studies the influence of the various components in the chemical formulations used to produce these porous materials. An optimum type and amounts of catalyst are selected to obtain a high chemical conversion and a short expanding time for the bubble growth phase. The surfactant is used to reduce the surface tension and achieve a homogenous mixing between the solid particulates tyre shred residue, the water, the catalyst and the binder. It is found that all of the components significantly affect the resultant materials structure and its morphology. The results show that the catalyst has a particularly strong effect on the pore structure and the ensuing thermal and acoustical properties. In this research, the properties of the porous materials developed are characterized using standard experimental techniques and the acoustic and thermal insulation performance underpinned using theoretical models. The important observation from this research is that a new class of recycled materials with pore stratification has been developed. It is shown that the pore stratification can have a positive effect on the acoustic absorption in a broadband frequency range. The control of reaction time in the foaming process is a key function that leads to a gradual change in the pore size distribution, porosity, flow resistivity and tortuosity which vary as a function of sample depth. It is shown that the Pade approximation is a suitable model to study the acoustic behaviour of these materials. A good agreement between the measured data and the model was attained. / Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand; Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand,

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Vicente Forestieri Fernandes.pdf: 3433992 bytes, checksum: 0bc6007ed63ec4c257f1064d9e03e6cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-06 / This paper discusses a study to prepare a composite of recycled polypropylene with recycled polyurethane, from manufacturing flexible foam waste, used for making mattresses and upholstery. Searches about using these materials on office chairs design, recycling and about aplying these materials on product design. Are done mechanical, thermal and rheologic tests of pure polypropylene, recycled polypropylene and the new compound with addition of recycled polyurethane in proportions 10%, 20%, 40% and 50% to characterize and compare materials. The results presents PU influences on both compounds, but with higher influence on recycled polypropylene base. PU filler increased composite viscosity related to original polymers and decreased plastic deformation before break. Besides not to contain a detailed economic viability study, this work showed technical possibility to develop a polymer composite using PU from flexible foam waste. / O presente trabalho abordou um estudo de elaboração de um composto de polipropileno reciclado com reciclado de poliuretano, proveniente de retalhos de fabricação de espuma flexível, utilizada para a confecção de colchões e estofados. Foram realizadas pesquisas sobre a utilização desses materiais na confecção de cadeiras de escritório, a reciclagem de materiais e a utilização desses materiais no design de produtos. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos, térmicos e reológicos, de polipropileno virgem, de polipropileno reciclado, e do composto de polipropileno reciclado com poliuretano e polipropileno virgem com poliuretano, nas proporções 10% e 20%, 40% e 50% a fim de caracterizar e comparar os materiais compostos obtidos. Os resultados indicaram a influência da carga de PU em ambos compostos, porém com maior influência nos de matriz de polipropileno reciclado. A carga aumentou a viscosidade dos compostos em relação às matrizes originais e também diminuíram a deformação plástica antes da ruptura. Apesar de não contar com um estudo detalhado de viabilidade econômica, o estudo aponta a possibilidade técnica de desenvolver um composto polimérico de polipropileno com carga de PU proveniente de retalhos de espuma flexível.

Recycled material has attracted extensive interest due to its positive impact on decarbonization in the building sector. At the same time, utilizing these materials is limited. The main objective of this degree project is to provide a better understanding of recycled materials and their role in environmental and economic aspects. This work investigates three cases regarding the use of recycled materials as external wall insulation in ETC buildings: Case 1 (biochar), Case 2 (plastic waste materials), and Case 3 (straw bales), and the cases will be compared with Case 0 (wood) materials that are used in the building. Thermal insulation properties such as thermal conductivity and density are the most important factors influencing this material's ability to insulate. These properties are used as variables in simulation; each variable is linked to the type of material used. Models were created for each material in the building performance simulation tool IDA ICE. In each model, the insulation of the external walls will be changed, but the rest of the construction specifications will stay unchanged. The results showed that all the materials selected in the evaluation have a low environmental impact (thermo-environmental assessment), low energy demand, and low carbon emissions. In the case of comparing the three cases 1, 2, and 3 of recycled materials, the results indicated that Case 1 (biochar) has the same environmental impact as Case 0 (wood), but the energy used was more than Case 0 by 6%, and the economic impact (thermoeconomic assessment)regarding energy costs has the same value. There is no information regarding the material’s price. The results showed that Case 3 (straw bales) has a lower environmental and economic impact than wood. The results illustrated that adding Case2 (EPS) with a thickness of 200 to the wooden building reduced demand by 3% for heating and cooling, and the energy used was less than 2%. Therefore, Case0 (wood) support with this layer is considered an appropriate solution to reduce energy demand. On the other hand, recycled materials have challenges in terms of insufficient research on the extent of their use, as in the case of biochar in Sweden. As well as challenges related to the development of strawbales, which have many problems related to rotting and moisture absorption / <p></p><p></p>

Jag har under detta arbete undersökt hur företaget MAD ELF ART kan arbeta med miljö och sociala aspekter i produktionen. Min uppgift har varit att lokalisera en materialleverantör och producent som kan arbeta med detta på bästa sätt.Under arbetets gång har jag kontaktat flera materialleverantörer och producenter och undersökt hur de jobbar med dessa aspekter. Samtidigt har jag även fördjupat mig i hur man kan ta hänsyn till miljö och sociala aspekter i produktionen, för att undersöka hur vi bäst kan arbeta med det.Vad jag kommit fram till är att materialvalet är det viktigaste och det som skiljer en produkt från att vara en miljöbov och en fara för människor till miljövänlig. Därför har jag i bilagan presenterat en leverantör och producent av materialet 100% silke som är ekologiskt färgad och handvävd. Silke lämnar inget energi-fotavtryck och går att återvinna. Jag tror och hoppas att framtiden kommer handla om att producera alltmer ekologiskt och samtidigt ta vara på det vi har istället för att producera nytt, detta genom ett återvinningssystem för textilier. Utvecklingen hos stora företag pekar även på att det i framtiden kommer att vara en självklarhet att ha uppförandekoder på fabriker och jobba med CSR. Därför är även det viktigt för MAD ELF ART.I have looked into how MAD ELF ART can work with environmental and social aspects during production. My assignment has been to find a materialsupplier and manufacturer who can work with this in the best way possible.During this work I have contacted several materialsuppliers and manufacturers and examined how they work with these aspects. At the same time I have also looked into how we can deal with social and environmental aspects to find the best way for us to work with this.I have come to the conclusion that the choice of material is the most important and what differs a product from being a danger for the environment and human beings to a environmental friend. Because of that I will present a materialsupplier and manufacturer who can provide the material 100% silk wich is organically dyed and handwoven. Silk leaves no energy-footprint and is recycable. I believe that the future will have more focus on the environment and that we will work with more ecologic materials and instead of producing new products, we will recycle what we have through a recyclingsystem for textiles. The development of big companies also points in the direcetion that it will be natural for all companies to have a Code of conduct and work with Corporal Social Responsility. / Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning

Convaincu de l’intérêt et du potentiel des matériaux naturels et des déchets industriels, cette thèse a contribué à la mise au point de matériaux de stockage de la chaleur (TESM) pour les CSP en Afrique de l’Ouest. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail de recherche a porté sur la valorisation de la latérite du Burkina Faso, des cendres de foyer des centrales à charbon de la société SONICHAR au Niger, des résidus en carbonate de calcium (chaux) de l’industrie de production de l’acétylène au Burkina Faso et l’huile végétale de Jatropha curcas de la société Belwet au Burkina Faso. Les résultats de cette étude ont permis de montrer que l’huile de Jatropha curcas peut être considérée comme une alternative viable aux fluides de transfert et aux TESM conventionnels pour les CSP fonctionnant à 210 °C. Les matériaux élaborés à partir des cendres de foyer et de la latérite présentent un caractère réfractaire en raison de la présence de mullite et de spinelle. L’ajout de chaux permet de réduire le point de fusion tout en préservant le caractère réfractaire et conducteur des phases obtenues. En raison de leurs stabilités, et l’absence de conflit d'utilisation, les matériaux obtenus peuvent être utilisés comme TESM dans CSP à des températures allant jusqu’à 900 °C. / Convinced of the interest and potential of natural materials and industrial waste, this thesis has contributed to the development of heat storage materials (TESM) for CSPs in West Africa. More specifically, this research focused on the valorization of laterite from Burkina Faso, the bottom ashes from the coal-fired power plants of SONICHAR in Niger, residues of calcium carbonate (lime) from the acetylene in Burkina Faso and the vegetable oil of Jatropha curcas from the company Belwet in Burkina Faso. The results of this study showed that Jatropha curcas oil can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional HTF and TESM for CSP operating at 210 °C. The materials elaborated from bottom ashes and laterites present a refractory character due to the presence of mullite and spinel. The addition of lime makes it possible to reduce the melting temperature while preserving the refractory and conductive character of the obtained phases. Due to their stabilities, and the absence of conflict of use, the obtained materials can be used as TESM in CSP at temperatures up to 900 °C.

The work is divided into two parts. The practical part deals with the testing properties of soils which are using in new road in Nové Město na Moravě and the testing of recycled materials which could replace this soils from road. The aim this part is to obtain values of elastic modulus which are then inserted into the computational model. In the second part of work the track road is modeled in the software which uses the Finite Element Method to calculate and respect physical properties of different materials and a load. The result of work will be studies with comparison of displacement and stress generated to using existing soils and recycled materials.

In the theoretical part of the thesis, different methods of testing frost susceptibility in the Czech Republic and other countries of the European Union are compared. The practical part of the thesis deals with laboratory testing of frost susceptibility of concrete and mixed recycled materials using the direct method of frost heave tests as well as determining the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and design module of elasticity using the cyclic triaxial test. Suitability of materials for construction of road infrastructure is then assessed on the basis of the results of these tests.