La modélisation d'expériences de fusion par confinement inertiel fait intervenir des équations cinétiques dont la discrétisation peut être très coûteuse. La recherche de modèles simplifiés permet de réduire la taille et donc la complexité de ces systèmes. La justification mathématique de ces modèles simplifiés devient alors un enjeu central. Dans ce travail nous étudions plusieurs modèles réduits pour l'équation du transfert radiatif dans différents contextes, tant du point de vue théorique que du point de vue numérique. En particulier nous étudions l'équation du transfert radiatif relativiste dans le régime de diffusion hors équilibre, et nous montrons la convergence de la solution de cette équation vers la solution d'une équation de drift diffusion, dans laquelle les effets Doppler sont modélisés par un terme de transport en fréquence. Cette équation de transport est discrétisée par une nouvelle classe de schémas "bien équilibrés" (well-balanced), pour lesquels nous montrons que ces nouveaux schémas sont consistants lorsque la vitesse d'onde tends vers zero, par opposition aux schémas de type Greenberg-Leroux. Nous étudions également de nouveaux modèles réduits pour le scattering Compton (collision inélastique photon-électron). Une hiérarchie d'équations cinétiques non linéaires généralisant l'équation de Kompaneets pour des distributions anisotropes sont dérivées et leurs propriétés étudiées. Les modèles aux moments de type P_1 et M_1 sont dérivés à partir de l'une de ces équations, et nous montrons que la prise en compte de l'anisotropie du rayonnement peut modifier le phénomène de condensation de Bose expliqué par Caflisch et Levermore. Ce manuscrit se termine avec les comptes rendus de deux projets. Le premier est une preuve technique de la convergence uniforme du schéma de Gosse-Toscani sur maillages non structurés. Ce schéma est "asymptotic preserving", au sens ou il préserve au niveau discret la limite de diffusion pour l'équation de la chaleur hyperbolique, et cette preuve de convergence uniforme sur maillage non structurés en 2D est originale. Le second concerne la dérivation d'un modèle cinétique pour le Bremsstrahlung électron-ion qui préserve la limite thermique. / The modeling of inertial confinement experiments involves kinetic equations whose discretization can become very costly. The research of reduced models allows to decrease the size and the complexity of these systems. The mathematical justification of such reduced models becomes an important issue. In this work we study several reduced models for the transfer equation in several contexts, from the theoretical and numerical point of view. In particular we study the relativistic transfer equation in the non-equilibrium diffusion regime, and we prove the convergence of the solution of this equation to the solution of a drift diffusion equation, in which the Doppler effects are modeled by a frequency transport term. This transport equation is discretized by a new class of well-balanced schemes, and we show that these schemes are consistant as the wave velocity tends to zero, by opposition to the Greenberg-Leroux type schemes. We also study several original reduced models for the Compton scattering (inelastic electron-photon collision). A hierarchy of nonlinear kinetic equations generalizing the Kompaneets equation for anisotropic distributions are derived and their properties are studied. The M_1 and P_1 angular moments models are derived from one of these equations, and we show that the anisotropic part of a radiation beam can modify the Bose condensation phenomena observed by caflisch and Levermore. This work ends with the reports of two side projects. The first one is a technical proof of the uniform convergence of the Gosse-Toscani scheme on unstructured meshes. This scheme is asymptotic preserving, since it preserves at the discrete level the diffusion limit of the hyperbolic heat equation, and this proof on unstructured meshes in 2D is original. The second one is devoted to the derivation of a kinetic model for the electron-ion Bremsstrahlung that preserves the thermal limit.

Dans cette thèse nous traitons de la simulation numérique des écoulements sanguins dans le contexte des maladies cardiaques congénitales. Nous nous concentrons d'une part sur l'intégration de données cliniques, et d'autre part sur les aspects de couplages multi-échelles. Dans l'introduction, nous présentons les pathologies structurelles du cœur et les traitements chirurgicaux nécessaires dans certaines cardiopathies sévères. Puis, nous consacrons un chapitre aux challenges liés à la simulation numérique des écoulements sanguins. Dans les deux chapitres suivants nous présentons une méthodologie permettant d'estimer des paramètres de modèles réduits modélisant l'arbre artériel pulmonaire, en y intégrant des mesures cliniques prises pour chaque patient à différents endroits avant intervention chirurgicale. Cette méthode est appliquée sur neuf patients et permet de représenter l'hémodynamique dans les artères pulmonaires pour chacun des patients. Le chapitre suivant est consacré au couplage des équations de Navier-Stokes 3D avec un modèle réduit, qui soulève des problèmes d'instabilités numériques dans nombre d'applications. Nous présentons d'abord un état de l'art des couplages 3D-0D communément utilisés pour ce type de problème. Nous présentons de plus une étude de stabilité pour montrer quels sont les avantages et inconvénients de chacun d'eux. Ensuite, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode de couplage 3D-3D qui est similaire, d'un point de vue énergétique, au couplage avec un modèle réduit. Nous comparons enfin les méthodes existantes à ce couplage 3D-3D sur trois cas de patients, côtés systémique et pulmonaire. Dans le dernier chapitre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la propagation des incertitudes des données cliniques sur la simulation de l’hémodynamique dansle cadre de chirurgie virtuelle. / In this thesis, we deal with numerical simulation of blood flow in the context of congenital heart diseases. We focus on clinical data integration into reduced models, and from a numerical point view on the coupling of blood flow (3D Navier-Stokes equations) and reduced models. In the introduction, we present congenital heart diseases and the surgical palliations needed for severe pathologies. We then present a chapter on challenges in numerical simulations of blood flow. In the next chapters, we present a methodology to estimate parameters of reduced models taking into account the effect of the pulmonary vasculature and the clinical measurements performed at different locations prior to surgical intervention of each patient. This method is applied to nine patient-specific cases and provides a representation of the hemodynamics in pulmonary arteries at different palliation stages. The next part of this thesis is devoted to numerical coupling between 3D blood flow and reduced models, which leads to numerical instability in a number of applications. We first present the state of the art for the different coupling methods, and perform a stability analysis of each coupling approach, highlighting the pros and cons. Moreover we present the new 3D-3D coupling method which presents the same energy balance as the 3D-reduced model. We compare all these methods on three systemic or pulmonary patient-specific cases to assess the robustness and accuracy of each one. In the last part of this manuscript we present a framework to investigate the effect of uncertainty of clinical measurements on our methodology to estimate reduced models for surgery planning: we focus on the impact of clinical data uncertainty to estimate blood flow distribution and pressure loss due to a stenosis to assess if it should be removed or not.

Networks are an integral part of everyday life. Today, public concern with the extent to which they influence people’s routines, and how much they affect cultures and societies, has grown substantially. People are thus now engaging in conversations and movements to evaluate and address the biases and discriminatory behaviours to which networks contribute. The media play an important part in this conversation, often directing the discourse towards fears of technology. Although such concerns are very real, the stories that media circulate typically rely on the “magical” nature of networks and therefore accentuate their figurative power. But, for people to participate meaningfully in the conversation, and for them to approach technologies responsibly, they need access to the complexities and technical intricacies of networks, not just their surfaces or metaphors. This dissertation argues that, by listening to networks, people can begin to apprehend, and even comprehend, the complex, ostensibly “magical” nature of their communications. One problem is that listening semantically to networks is incredibly difficult, if not impossible. Networks are very noisy, and they do not, for instance, use alphabetic language for internal or external communication. Yet there are other ways to hear and interpret them. I argue that Michel Chion’s techniques of reduced and causal listening are two such ways, and that they afford a “sensible” and timely method for approaching networks. Of course, network communications must first be rendered audible to hear them. For this purpose, I propose “tactical network sonification” (TNS) as a methodology for Science and Technology Studies (STS). As this dissertation’s primary contribution to the field of STS, TNS focuses on making the materiality of networks sensibly accessible to the general public, especially people who are not technology experts. In so doing, TNS builds on the scholarship of not only Chion but also Beth Coleman, Matthew Kirschenbaum, Henri Lefebvre, Shannon Mattern, Shintaro Miyazaki, Pauline Oliveros, Rita Raley, and Jonathan Sterne in particular. This project finds that TNS results in crowded sound clips that represent the complexity of network infrastructure, through the many overlapping rhythms and layers of sound that each clip contains. It explains that sonifications may assist in creating multimodal network stories, making networks sensible and apprehendable. Finally, this dissertation proposes that using TNS can help understand potential discriminatory distribution of network infrastructure across communities. / Graduate / 2021-12-18

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The subject of this project is a new building of art school in the administrative area Brno – Královo Pole. It is a stand-alone building with two above-ground floors. The building is made of brick from (lime-sand blocks). The ceiling above the 1st floor is made of reinforced concrete, the ceiling above 2nd floor is made of pre-stressed reinforced concrete roof panels of spiroll type. The roofs are designed as a flat surcharge. The walls are double-layered, contact-insulated with fiber-cement cladding. The object is designed according to Feng Shui and as barrier-free for people with reduced mobility and orientation.

Master thesis “Properties of graphenoid layers” deals with materials of graphenoid nature such as graphene, graphene oxide and its reduced state. The paper effectively summarize basic theoretical knowledge in the first half of its range. In the second half the project deals with practical part consisted of experiments with application of graphene oxide solvents, its analysis and especially comparing properties of non-reduced graphene oxide with its chemically reduced form. Material is examined in a form of applied thin layers on different substrates.

The diploma thesis is focused on the development of the concept of a mechanical device that would meet the necessary requirements to achieve a successful simulation of reduced gravity or microgravity on the tested body at its impact. The choice of a suitable mechanism is based on a literary research of all available variants and highlight of their specifics. Target values are created for the selected method of testing, upon reaching which the concept will be considered successful. In order to verify the functionality of the concept, a mechanism is assembled on a smaller scale. The individual components of the mechanism are tested and carefully selected. All essential physical processes taking place in the system are mathematically described and combined into a MATLAB script. A separate application is created to calculate the behavior of the system based on the specified input parameters.

The diploma thesis deals with the possibility of using the addition of nanoparticles to improve the properties of cement composites. The theoretical part summarizes the findings of research in this area with a focus on methods of dispersion of nanoparticles and their treatment for use in cement composites. The experimental part focuses on the comparison of methods of dispersion and plasma treatment of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticle solutions from the point of view of the agglomeration process. During this work, a method of systematic optical/visual monitoring of sedimentation/agglomeration was developed to complement sophisticated methods such as spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) and electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the effect of the addition of rGO on the properties of cement mortar, in the form of aqueous solutions prepared by the dispersion methods determined in the previous section, was investigated.

Theme of the master’s thesis is new building of nursing home that will serve residents of the town Hronov and its closer surroundings. The building is brick and the roof is designed as a horizontal. The building consists of a basement and three floors. Plot is situated in a slightly sloping terrain. It is an object of Housing and accommodation. On the 1st floor there is general practitioner, hairdressing and pedicure that serve the public. The building is designed with regard to persons with reduced mobility. There is a parking place next to building.

The thesis contains a barrier-free apartment building with a rehabilitation center in the administrative area Brno - Židenice. There are two separate buildings. The building block of flats (SO01) has two above, one underground floor and consists of a total of 11 residential units, garages and also has available for residents of social service. The building is constructed of structural system of ceramic blocks (Porotherm), except basement, which has walls and columns of reinforced concrete. The ceilings are from reinforced concrete and the roof is designed as a flat surcharge. The second object (SO02) is a single-storey and is also built from the system ceramic block with reinforced concrete ceilings and flat roof vegetation. The whole complex is insulated contact system. Both buildings are designed as a barrier-free, which is an ideal place to stay for the disabled, who can easily use the services of a rehabilitation center.